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PAGE 38 THE CALLEJK-llMffit) OJilNTJWNJNIAi; KU.ITIUN, J U N E 4, 193(5

Cattle from King Ranch. Will Be Displayed at

Central Expo in DallasThe famous brand'of the. running

Jff will thrill thousands of. TexasCentennial visitors -who pause inthe cattle pavilion at the CentralExposition in Dallas to see .the su-perb specimene) with which the newAmerican cattle breed, the SantaGertrudis, makes it bow to the live-stock world. Xot a little of the in-terest in these beautiful, dark-redcattle will come from the fact thatthey were, bred and raised at theKing Kaneh, known for decadesas the largest fenced ranch in theworld.

Until a year ago the King pro-perties encompassed 1,250.000' acres.an area almost equal to that ot'.Del-aware. Some of this South Texasland since has been divided amongvarious heirs of .Mrs.'- '.HenriettaKing-, who died in 1925. The re-maining ranch, however, still isamong the greatest in the worldand probably is the best improvedof all.

The palatial King ranehhouse isa landmark for a wide area. Situ-ated a few miles from Kingsvilie,It is approached by a private, .pavedtwo-mile road lined with datepalrns, windmill palms and Texasebony. The home and Its furnish-ings would be envied by most Ku-ropean Kings. From there is ruleda baronial t»:'ta*e that stretchesover several counties between, theXu«"--*'K and the Itio Orando.

1,300 Miles Of FenceThe ranch .still consist* OL sev-

eral expansive divisions, not all ofthem touching. Before' the recentpartition the pastures grazed 126,-000 cattle; they now have 80,000head and numerous herds of tU erand other protected wild gunrie.Water for the cattle is pumped bynearly 300 windmills and the pas-tures are inclosed with 1,500 'milesof fence—more than enough tostretch from Brownsville to Chi-cago.

The cattle empire was foundedby Kichard King, whose parentageremains unknown but who wasborn in New York state in 1S25."When he was eight lie was appren-ticed to a jeweler but ran awayafter being told to take care of hisemployer's baby. The boy stowedaway Jn a ship bound for Mobile,Ala., and later became a cabin boy.After an interval in which hefought against the Seminoles, hereturned to stearnboating on theChatalioo'chee and other rivers. In1S47 he piloted up the Rio '.-Grandea little stern-wheeler which he andtwo other partners had bought.

Th* Ivio Grande venture wasmade to carry supplies to Ameri-can military forces preparing to in-vade Mexico. Little came from thearmy contract, but King remainedon the river. With one of his steam-boat partners, Capt. Miff l in Ken-edy. King decided in 1851 to try hishand at cattle ranching'. The firstland was bought in 1852, whenrange.- land sold for only a fewcents an acre. Buying small tractsfrom Mexicans each man soon ac-quired a wide .cow pasture.' C.-ap-ta;n King was accompanied h;> hisfriend. Col. Robert E. I,ee, when lieselected the site for his headquar-ters, built in 1853.

Run Cotton During WarIn the following year, King mar-

ried a Presbyterian minister'sdaughter in the frontier town o£KrownsvHle. lie took his bride t o " acrude adobe hut that served asheadquarters for the fenceless 75,-000-acre ranch. There the Kingchildren were born and there thefamily defended itself against In-diana and desperadoes with smallcannon brought from CaptainKing's boat on the Rio Grande.Three of these cannon' 6>till may be jseen on the landscaped grounds Cthe rancfihou.se.

During the Civil Wai', King andKt-nedy returned to the -.quarter-deck and enriched themselves byrunning cotton down the rio Gnindeand past the federal blockade towaiting IJriush ships. Back on theirranches they continued to prosper,both before and after the dissolv-ing of their partnership in 1808.It cost so litUe to raise longhorn.ythat it paid to slaughter them fortheir hides and tallow alone. Thelieef market was beginning to de-velop, however. King sent steers toNew Orleans on their own motivepower and later had .-herds drivenap this ChiKbolm trail to Kansasmarkets. At one time-he was am-bitious to own a strip of land threemilco wide from hi« ranch to theNorthern markets.

Constantly increasing his hc-rda,addinir to hiy land, Cantain

King became one o£ the greatestof the cattle barons. His cow-

hands made so formidable an armythat even notorious bandits wereunable to attack successfully theSanta Gertrudis ranch, whichformed the headquarters divisionof the 'King properties. The Mex-icans believed King led a charmedlife, not knowing the Concord coachin which he rode atiout his domainwas lined- with steel. When hedied in 3SSf> he left his wife rnor'cthan. 500,000 acres.

Empress Rules Forty YearsThe KmpresB ruled this < I ttle

kingdom for forty years, with Uiehelp of hfr son-in-law, Robert ,T.Kk-berg. She doubled the stsic oCthe ranch, improved its fences andother equipment, introduced ex-pensive beef and dairy breeds andbecame known as the richest wo-man in the world. Kloberg drilledartesian wells to water the cattleand was a pioneer in developingthe dipping vat as a weapon againstTexas fever, which resulted fromcattle ticks.

JCventually Uie, King lands cameto include four vast ranches inaddition to the Santa Cerlrudis.Kleberg built a grandiose ranch-house that suited the "ixc oC theranch. Its table was made to ac-commodate f i f t y persons, and onecould comne for a meal wheneverhe foil hungry. C'.ucsts at tho SantaO'.ortrurtis have- Include Koberl K.f,, < • , IMysw's .S. Gran t , .John J.Pershing, Owen X>. Young, WalterC. Teagle, Will Rogers and IrvinS. Cobb:' Tho ranch was made apreserve' for wild game, includ-ing- animals imported from 'SouthAmerica, Africa and Japan. Visitorscan count 100 deer in an afternoon'sdrive.

Gradually the ranch Itirids wereequipped with cement bunkhouses,complex corrals and even gasolinestations. A powerful machine wascontrived to clear the pastures ofmesquite and other brush, thusmaking way for the planting oC theland In Rhodes gru.is- and enablinga cow to gtir.c on halC the acreageformerly required. Tho ranch'shuman population grew to 500, In-cluding 3SO highly trained .Mex-ican cow hands, all devoted to theroyal family. Among livestock men,the ranch has been known for itsbreeding of fine cattle and horses.

The only important cattle breedoriginating in this country Is theSanta' Gertrudis' .developed at theKing vanr-h to copo with localclimatic and grassing conditions. Itis a cross between the Brahmafrom India and the . shorthorn,which orfginally came from Eng-land. It is a big-heavy animal withshort hair,;sleek hide and a uniformcoloring oC dark cherry red. Afterseventeen years of cross-breedingand Inbreeding, the ranch has pro-duced a distinct new breed withthe shorthorn's beeC qualities andthe Brahma's weight,.'.hardiness-andresistance to heat, insects and dis-ease. -Lately experiments'.-have beenmade In • crossing Afrikander ' bul lswith Hereford and .other.cows.

The Kleberg's interest in horsebreeding resulted from ;their needof an all-sorrel ste«d that couldresist saiidburn—a scalding o£ thehide from a corrosive alkaii sub-stance in the Southern ranchlands,By crossing a fine type of Texasquarter horao with thoroughbreds,they developed a mount that hartspeed, cow sense and a fine ap-pearance. Some of these horseshave been sold lo the army; othershave distinguished themselves onUie race track or the polo field.

When Captain King's wife diedin 1025, her will directed that theranch properties be administeredby trustees for ten years and thendivided. Hot- son-in-law, Robert J.Kit-berg, survived her for sevenyears. I l l s son, oC the same name,has. 'been ' tho ranch manager inrecent years. The ranch has 'hadan operating income oC as much as$400,000 a year, but much ot thishas gone - I n t o improvements. - In1933 oil d r i l l ing r iKhls were soldto a major company.

In thi- J085 purlitkm the SantaGorlr'udla'or. home ranch and otherland went to Captain King's daugh-ter, wife oC the senior Kleberg nndmother of the present, manager.Richard AT. KU'berg, who representsthe family—and tho district —InCongress inherited a home-In Cor-pus Christ!. Otlu-r land went tovarious branches', of the family,some of whom have- taken POSMOB-sion. The estate was valued bysome as high as $20,000,000, In-dicating TUfluird King did bettornt grazing lorigltorn.s Uiou at mliul-lusi the jeweler's baby.

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Attend Splash Day and theSouth Texas Centennial Exposition

NUECES PRINTINGCOMPANY

WelcomeTo Corpus Christi

SPLASH DAYand to

The South TexasCentennialExpositionJune 7th to 14th

SOUTHERN

ALKALICORPORATION

THE CORPUS HK/8SJDAY* OCTOBJEK 2& 1S3*

Kingsville Is Ranch, Railroad, and College GentelGrowth MarksCity Founded32 Years Ago

Is Famous as Home Seat ofImportant South Texas

Ranch Families

Modern Dormitories House Students at College of Arts and Industries in Kingsville

"When two of the slate's outstand-ing pioneer day settlers and build-era located on broad domains inSouth Texas they laid the founda-tions on which Kinjj&viUe was tobe built as, the center of extensivecattle ranch operations, of culturaland educational activity, and ofrecreational provision.

Captain King ana Captain Ken-edy were the pioneer ranchmenwho early in the ISSQ's claimedmuch of South" Tejcas lor civiliza-tion, including that large,area whichnow looks to KingsiviHe as its cen-ter o£ business ana social activity.

Founded In 1904Klngsville, founded in 1904. has

become one of the important -citiesof this section and an outstandingcity of its' size in the s-tate. Ad-jacent ranching activity has madeIt famous as' the home scat of oneof the world's largest cattle ranches.It''is 41 railroad center oC impor-tance. As the location of TexasCollege of Aru and Industries,only state support*tJ institution ofhigher education in the South Texasarut, It ia an educational center fora,large part or Texas. lineres-l ofUS" leaders has given it a modernrace track and plant and otherrecreational activities which attractSouth Texaus and visitors in largenumbciti. And, as is true

ON THE FARM STORAGE — This building on theW. S. Gandy farm near Robstown has a storage capa-city of 14 cars of grain. It was built in 1949 and hasbeen used successfully in storing grain on the farm.

A dual-purpose building, it can also be used for hous-ing implements and livestock when the grain has beenmoved out.

insAre

W. S. Gandy, whose farm Is,southwest of Robstown, has had a!Jot of experience in storing grain

i sorghums within Hie last few|;years, He has stored grain bothi'on-the-farm and in commercial

and co-operative elevators at'trackslde shipping points.•• In 1!»9 he constructed a build-ing on his farm for storing grain.•Providing for flat storage,' thebuilding has a capacity of 14 cars.Gandy said his use of this on-tho-farm storage has been salis-Juclory and profitable; and tills isprobably due to the rare nnd cau-tion he exercised than to anyother one factor.To 13 Percent; He never put grain into the on-the-farm. storage bin unless it hadbeen dried down to at least 13percent moisture. He lias his owntesting machine with which hechecked tho grain's moisture con-tent before dumping the grain intoithe storage bin. The only grain)he moved directly from the fieldto the storage bin was that whichWas cut in the afternoon and waswell .matured.

; If the grain showed a highermoisture content than 13 percent,fciandy sent it into Robstown,where it was put through a drierand then emptied int'o a storageKilo adjacent to the drier. As hemoved in more fresllly cut grain |to the drier, he frequently picked'up a load of grain that hnd al-ready been dried and moved Itback to his grain storage build-ing: on the farm.

He said that sometimes he usesii platform built' near his farm-storage building to pile grain. ;CCC will approve a loan on onlv Hie equ ipment neccssarv to h a n d l e 'leaving it exposed to the sun a:id|9Q percent of the grain. " - - ' ' - -thereby reducing the moisture con-j At TracUslt.li>lent. Tills treatment worked satis-;factorily where the grain was only(slightly above the 13 percentjnark.Conveyor Belt System

Candy's on-the-farm storagefut-iliUes m-e equipped with ma-chinery for turning grain. It issimply a system of conveyor beltsthat pick up grain from the bottom

FARMNEWS

GRADY STILES—Farm Editor

Pink BolhvormDamage SetAt $34 Million

In &n address before delegatesto the Cotton Insect Control Con-ference sponsored by the NationalCotton Council in 'Memphis, Dr.F. C. Bishopp, coordinator for thenational pink bollworm research!progrsm at Brownsville, said thatthe pink boliworm caused $34,600,-000 damage in 1952.

Tbis represented a direct loss toSouthern cotton farmers, with theheaviest losses, being concentratedin. some 39 South Texas counties.

The startling spread of the ninkboliworm almost to the Missis-sippi River is alarming but nothopeless. Dr. Bishopp said.In Present Areas

He said the immediate effortis to confine and contain the pinkboliworm within its present areas.

One step involving research anacontrol is the release of hundredsof thousands of parasites whichprey upon the pink boliworm.in aneffort to destroy it through its na-tural enemies. Dr. Bishopp said.

He reported that 356,446 suchparasites were released recently at378 points in nine South Texascounties, but that it is too earlyto determine the results.The parasite's boar the techni-cal names of Bracon brevicorn-is. B. gelechtee. B. lefroyi, Apan-teles sp., and Chelonus sp.Other Means

Research on insecticides, elec-trical currents, light traps, cotton-stalk shredders, and other meansof destruction of the pink boliwormwas described by Dr. Bishopp. •

He said preparations are beingmade to put into use atmosphere-control chambers at the PinkBoliworm Research Center atBrownsville by the U. S. BureauEntomology and Plant Quaran-tine. These chambers, called bio-climatic cabinets, contain complexequipment allowing duplication ofclimatic conditions under whichthe pink boliworm or its parasitesmay breed.

CORPUS CHR1ST1 CALLER-TIMES. Sun.. Dec. 20. 1953

FFA CHAPTER MAKES DEPOSIT — The San Diego Future Farmers Chapter de-posited $5,000 — which members have earned for their 'land fund' — in a savingsand loan association recently. Pictured (left to right) are H. C. Cook, treasurer ofSecurity Federal Savings and Loan Association of Alice, who made the deposit lorthe chapter; Juan Bazan, FFA president; Supt. F. de Pena of San Diego; James M.Baker, FFA advisor; Candelario Ruiz, FFA treasurer; and Arnoido Valadez, chapterreporter. The money will earn, dividends for the chapter unt i l it is used to purchasean-FFA farm. .

BEGAN IN 1946

iS.OOO in Fund for FarmBy MAHY MAHOXEY

Future Farmers of San Diegolost week reached a goal in theirlong-range program to purchase ac h a p t e r farm:• They depositedtheir "farm fund" of $5,000 in as a v i n g s and loan association,where it will earn dividends forthe chapter until it is used to buya farm.

The farm fund was started in1946, and has grown a little each

"We propose to duplicate the *'?™' adult leaders of the projectmditiona found niivxviU-B in thP stiessed. The recent FFA sweet-conditions found anywhere in the

5 world where the insect mightbreed," Dr. Bishopp said. "Thiswill enable us to study it and the

heart contest held in San Diegoboosted the iunci to the 55,000

related the history of the farmfund project.

Present for the ceremony inAHcc were Supt. F. de Pona ot SanDiego; James M. Baker, vocation-al agriculture teacher and FFAadvisor; Juan Bazan, FFA pres-ident, and Arnoido Valadez. chap-ter reporter. Baker has been FFA

The four-year drought In DuvatCounty cut the margin of profitfrom the farm quite slim for threeyears, and farming operations in1953 were a tctal loss. T h e s edrought losses were underwrittenby chapter funds.

Ruiz stressed that tho "depositwas ))cing made so that ' the funds, . - . . . . „ . - - - - -- ,,^v.-> i^iuc jiinvjc .iu t-lltlt UIU 1UHU3

teacher at ban Deigo since the would earn interest until needed.project started. "San Diego FFA Chapter mem-

mark.

- 4 -3uji j-'iugo .i-rA. simpler mem-The story of this farm fund jbers hope the time is not far in the

goes back seven years. Future i fu ture when a farm can be pur-Farmers and their teacher decicl-j chased, nnd the goa) begun in 1046ec. to begin saving money for the]wil l he reached," Ruiz said,eventual purchase of a farm, nnd]

environments which either inhibit i" .„ a llisu>r.v.

YOUNG SANTA GERTRUDIS BULLS -- These two Santa Gcrtrudis bulls, eachless than a year old, are in the herd of W. S. Gandy near Robstown. The young bullswere sired by a bul l Gandy bought from the Worth Wwght Ranch and are out otRichard King cows.

or enhance its growth."Strong Program

Despite a strong- program, whichlie heads, recently established atBrownsville with participation byTexas, Arkansas, Georgia, and Ala-bama, as welt as the Oscar John-son Foundation, the National Cot-ton Council, and other segments o f }tile jcotton industry, research cf-forts are "still inadequate whenthe potentialities of the pink boll-worm are considered," Dr. Bis-hopp stated.

Calling the pink boliworm a "pestwith devastating: posaibaities," Dr.Bishop said that "one of the mostdisquieting things is the apparentcomplacence with which many peo-ple look upon this threat.

He told representatives of thecotton industry "one thing is cer-tain, we did not begin too soorTto expand research on the pinkboliworm and to intensify educa-tional work relative to the pestand its control. Efforts iilong the.selines now being provided by IheFederal government anil the wil-Um growing .states arc s t i l l i nad-equate when the potent ia l i t ies uf

crops. l.!niu!y in prist yours has' the pink bollwurm are considered.''

After presenting the money fordeposit to H. C. Cook, treasurerof the Security Federal Savingsand Loan Association of Alice,

I , , ., v r ' —T~ " r ,":,"• ~| Baker, advisor for the farm pro-|the first money to go into the fund | _1ect through the vears. estimatedwas realised from the sale of a , that approximately 280 FFA stu-baby chick brooder made m the dems h£ve a6s1sl(£ witll tllc func).

Cancielario Ruiz, FFA treasurer, the fund slightly that year," Ruizrelated.Animal Projects

"Each year 'since tho fund pro-

M A K f E FORTiVKKI'mnunl KKA sweetheart

rainingyear period.Currently Knrollecl

Forty-six boys are currently «n-rolle'd in the FFA program o'f the

v — ,..- school, anc, have assisted with theject started, the chapter has mis-' barndance and queen's contest thised animal projects to he sold for!year. The. FFA members are-that purpose. The two annual I Patririo cauales, Eduardo Car-events of tho FFA Chapter which denas. Edlemiro Garcia, Adolfocontributed the largest amounts to I Monlenmyor', Aniceto Perez, Es-the farm fund, however, were the peridiou Peicz, Fred Rojus, Fran-FFA Barndance anel the FFA Cisco Sancz, Alejandro Salinas, Ru-

ben Smithwick* Sebastian Torres,Leonardo Trigo,. Martin Valdez,Jose Vela;

Hubert Adami, Lester Brand,Herberto Garza, Gilberto Garza,Diego Gonzales, Dcsiderio . Gon-zales, Bernabe Guerra, LeandroMarlines, Roberto Mendez, Ale-jandro Montemayor, Charles Mo-reno, Jr., Homero Rulr, Santiago

of the bin, elevate It' to a heightof somft 20 feet and then dump itback into the bin. This method ofDerating the grain keeps it in goodcondition. Only once or twice dur-ing a season is this treatmentnecessary, Gandy said.

To control insect's, Gandy .spraysa liquid insecticide over the topof the grain pile; imd the gassettles through the graiii evenlyand thereby eliminates insectsthat had got Into the grain.

The storage facil i t ies whichGandy built on his farm have beenapproved by Commodity CreditCorporation far storing- grain sor-ghums that were placed in thegovernment loan. However, liesaid, on this type of storage, thr

Gandy said his advice to f a r m - ; f a r m e r should build storage be-ers seeking more grain 8lorage;yond the needs of his own farm,space would be vimt they e i ther jhe stressed,build or obtain storage nt track- [Sji:K-o Jside shipping points where dryingfacilities arc available.

••{rain efficiently. He warned, how-1 built up -,i nullonwUU! i ebullition as,over, against "over-building." No a producer of onion plants. He l ias j

A member of the board 'oftrustees of the now portside termi-

He observed that farmers arc nal elevator in Corpus Chrisll,primarily in the business of producing rather Lhnn trying to op

Gaudy predicted that there wouldhe occasions when storage space

emte elevators. When grain is would be needed for grain in trnn-storeti in established facilities op-jsit lo the terminal elevator forcrated by experienced elevator [export. He pointed out that inmen, it is in much safer hands;years when the grain crop in thetlisn when stored on the farm, hejCoasinl Bend was short, it is likc-sald. |ly that' storage space In this area

Furthermore, most of the os-jwould he taken by shippers fromtablished elevators nre authorized! the Midwest and "other grain-pro-by the government to issue waiic- jducing sections,house certificates which a r e When Gandy built his on-tlic-negotiable, a convenience that farm storage facilities, he plannedwould not' be available under un-[i t for dual use. The building canregulated conditions. the used for storing-grain, or it can

Gaudy said Uie area needs more'bt used as an implement shed orstrain storage, particularly in the!for housing livestock. GUndy baslight of a,possible record grain]used the building in many differ-acreage in 1854. It would be wiseijent ways.lie said, for farmers first to en- The Ganrly farm is ono of thecourage; established elevators to i most- e f f i c ien t ly operated, in th»Increase the capacity of their ele-1Coastal Rend. Although grain sor-vators nt vrarUside, points with al l )glumis ami cotton are the majo'-

*"»"?>

shipped plants to all parts ot thenation and supplied some of thecountry's largest' distributors. Thisyear, however, ha did not plantonions, feeling that conditions werenot such as to justify the cropthis year.Important Part

Gnndy has not failed to makelivestock production an Importantpart of his overall farming opera-tion. He has been raising Poland-China hogs for more than a quar-

'ter 'of a century, and has ft^fine flock of Hampshire slieep. Inpast years he has fed out cattle.

rcinontn o , „„.. INamed FFABy Bee 4-H Girls . j

A 1953-54 yearbook for the Bee oWCetilCcirtCounty girls' 4-H Clubs has beencompleted and is ready for dis-tribution to various adult leadersof the county.

Information for the yearbookwas compiled nnd mimeographedin the office of Mrs. Audrey Bel-lows, Bee County home demon-stration agent, who 'is sponsor ofgirls' -i-H activities.

Linda Marie Fortncr, 17-year-old junior student at FremontHigh School, 1ms been electedsweetheart of the school's FutureFarmers of America Chapter.

Mlsa Fortner is a member ofthe Future Home makers Chapter

lo t Premont, nnrt is

sweetheart contest,'" the treasurersaid.-

Ruiz stressed that in addition tothe land-buying- fund, the chapteralso has purchased a- farm tract-or and B. complete line of farmequipment to be u s e d on theschool's present farm, located onland loaned to the FFA boys byCiarencc Schroeder, a local buai-neas man. Scanz, Homcra Seroa, Claudlo

The FFA Chapter several years'Teblfcr, Juan Bazan;ngo clea'rr.d brush off the. l a n d j Oscar Gajaa, Rene Garcia, L,upeloaned l>v Schroeder, ami .students; Guemt, Sergio Hinojosa. Danielot the voi-aVioiml agriculture clas-j Lopez, Hector Saenz. Adan Sali-.sos learned from actual experience inns, Rcymunoo Soriano, Emilto

i about crop urirt animiil production Uribc, Thomas Vela, Ruheii Mini - ,Jon borrowed lurid, while earningjjnsn, Rene Hinojosu, Arnoido Vnl-I money for their purchase ot their jiulez. Canuclario Rniz, ZaragosaI own farm. Garcia. «.

Cooperation of ExtensionService, SCS Pointed Out

ofpaper cover, which bears the e m - J

Mora recent.y Gandy has begun Wem of the four leaf clover, with j a s

He obtained his female stock fromRichard King, and his hei'd sireis from the Worth Wright Ranch.In this year's calf crop he hastwo fine young Santa Gertrudiabulls which he will offer for sale.Now less than a year old, theyoung bulls are fine specimens ofthe breed. The hard hns been

and a member ofhas

pledge, prayer of the 4-H organ-ization, information on parliamen-tary procedure for club meetings,the various clubs, and a month-by-month calendar for programsof the various clubs. Club goals.

She i.i the drtiighter of Mr. andMrs. Ralph Fortner of Premont.Tho Chapter sweetheart was pre-senter) with a gift by John Dis-bro, FFA Chapter president, at the

„ ,-. ^.. and county 'and district meetings £n"'"2 Rail

Club Council on the basis ofexperience, interest in swine pro-duction, and facilities for carry- his "pay back" pig went to Vlolning on a swine project, accordingto H. B. Haegelin, county agricul-tural agent.

The Freer Lions Club launchedits registered gilt program in 1952;and its first award was made toPat Howard. The gilt received byPat was selected from the herd ofL. L. Bennett of George West,breeder of registered Duroc hoga.Won First Place

Pat exhibited the gilt in the Du-val County 4-H Club Show lastFebruary and -she won first, placein her f'lnss. Th'e following monththe gill was exhibited In the Dtl-

Diego Lions awnrrl went to Ale-jandro Sainas of San Diego, and

Berrern, also of San Diego.Members of Duvnl County's 4-H

clubs will receive The National 4-HNews during the coming year nsa gift from C. S. Hinojosn, Jr.,of Sau Diego. Hlnojosa subscribedto the farm youth magnzine, di-recting that it be sent to each•5-H club family in the county.33fi Clubs

There are 33fi club members and15 adult leaders in the six

...T-r i •'• ~"

PAGE 38 THE CALLEJK-llMffit) OJilNTJWNJNIAi; KU.ITIUN, J U N E 4, 193(5

Cattle from King Ranch. Will Be Displayed at

Central Expo in DallasThe famous brand'of the. running

Jff will thrill thousands of. TexasCentennial visitors -who pause inthe cattle pavilion at the CentralExposition in Dallas to see .the su-perb specimene) with which the newAmerican cattle breed, the SantaGertrudis, makes it bow to the live-stock world. Xot a little of the in-terest in these beautiful, dark-redcattle will come from the fact thatthey were, bred and raised at theKing Kaneh, known for decadesas the largest fenced ranch in theworld.

Until a year ago the King pro-perties encompassed 1,250.000' acres.an area almost equal to that ot'.Del-aware. Some of this South Texasland since has been divided amongvarious heirs of .Mrs.'- '.HenriettaKing-, who died in 1925. The re-maining ranch, however, still isamong the greatest in the worldand probably is the best improvedof all.

The palatial King ranehhouse isa landmark for a wide area. Situ-ated a few miles from Kingsvilie,It is approached by a private, .pavedtwo-mile road lined with datepalrns, windmill palms and Texasebony. The home and Its furnish-ings would be envied by most Ku-ropean Kings. From there is ruleda baronial t»:'ta*e that stretchesover several counties between, theXu«"--*'K and the Itio Orando.

1,300 Miles Of FenceThe ranch .still consist* OL sev-

eral expansive divisions, not all ofthem touching. Before' the recentpartition the pastures grazed 126,-000 cattle; they now have 80,000head and numerous herds of tU erand other protected wild gunrie.Water for the cattle is pumped bynearly 300 windmills and the pas-tures are inclosed with 1,500 'milesof fence—more than enough tostretch from Brownsville to Chi-cago.

The cattle empire was foundedby Kichard King, whose parentageremains unknown but who wasborn in New York state in 1S25."When he was eight lie was appren-ticed to a jeweler but ran awayafter being told to take care of hisemployer's baby. The boy stowedaway Jn a ship bound for Mobile,Ala., and later became a cabin boy.After an interval in which hefought against the Seminoles, hereturned to stearnboating on theChatalioo'chee and other rivers. In1S47 he piloted up the Rio '.-Grandea little stern-wheeler which he andtwo other partners had bought.

Th* Ivio Grande venture wasmade to carry supplies to Ameri-can military forces preparing to in-vade Mexico. Little came from thearmy contract, but King remainedon the river. With one of his steam-boat partners, Capt. Miff l in Ken-edy. King decided in 1851 to try hishand at cattle ranching'. The firstland was bought in 1852, whenrange.- land sold for only a fewcents an acre. Buying small tractsfrom Mexicans each man soon ac-quired a wide .cow pasture.' C.-ap-ta;n King was accompanied h;> hisfriend. Col. Robert E. I,ee, when lieselected the site for his headquar-ters, built in 1853.

Run Cotton During WarIn the following year, King mar-

ried a Presbyterian minister'sdaughter in the frontier town o£KrownsvHle. lie took his bride t o " acrude adobe hut that served asheadquarters for the fenceless 75,-000-acre ranch. There the Kingchildren were born and there thefamily defended itself against In-diana and desperadoes with smallcannon brought from CaptainKing's boat on the Rio Grande.Three of these cannon' 6>till may be jseen on the landscaped grounds Cthe rancfihou.se.

During the Civil Wai', King andKt-nedy returned to the -.quarter-deck and enriched themselves byrunning cotton down the rio Gnindeand past the federal blockade towaiting IJriush ships. Back on theirranches they continued to prosper,both before and after the dissolv-ing of their partnership in 1808.It cost so litUe to raise longhorn.ythat it paid to slaughter them fortheir hides and tallow alone. Thelieef market was beginning to de-velop, however. King sent steers toNew Orleans on their own motivepower and later had .-herds drivenap this ChiKbolm trail to Kansasmarkets. At one time-he was am-bitious to own a strip of land threemilco wide from hi« ranch to theNorthern markets.

Constantly increasing his hc-rda,addinir to hiy land, Cantain

King became one o£ the greatestof the cattle barons. His cow-

hands made so formidable an armythat even notorious bandits wereunable to attack successfully theSanta Gertrudis ranch, whichformed the headquarters divisionof the 'King properties. The Mex-icans believed King led a charmedlife, not knowing the Concord coachin which he rode atiout his domainwas lined- with steel. When hedied in 3SSf> he left his wife rnor'cthan. 500,000 acres.

Empress Rules Forty YearsThe KmpresB ruled this < I ttle

kingdom for forty years, with Uiehelp of hfr son-in-law, Robert ,T.Kk-berg. She doubled the stsic oCthe ranch, improved its fences andother equipment, introduced ex-pensive beef and dairy breeds andbecame known as the richest wo-man in the world. Kloberg drilledartesian wells to water the cattleand was a pioneer in developingthe dipping vat as a weapon againstTexas fever, which resulted fromcattle ticks.

JCventually Uie, King lands cameto include four vast ranches inaddition to the Santa Cerlrudis.Kleberg built a grandiose ranch-house that suited the "ixc oC theranch. Its table was made to ac-commodate f i f t y persons, and onecould comne for a meal wheneverhe foil hungry. C'.ucsts at tho SantaO'.ortrurtis have- Include Koberl K.f,, < • , IMysw's .S. Gran t , .John J.Pershing, Owen X>. Young, WalterC. Teagle, Will Rogers and IrvinS. Cobb:' Tho ranch was made apreserve' for wild game, includ-ing- animals imported from 'SouthAmerica, Africa and Japan. Visitorscan count 100 deer in an afternoon'sdrive.

Gradually the ranch Itirids wereequipped with cement bunkhouses,complex corrals and even gasolinestations. A powerful machine wascontrived to clear the pastures ofmesquite and other brush, thusmaking way for the planting oC theland In Rhodes gru.is- and enablinga cow to gtir.c on halC the acreageformerly required. Tho ranch'shuman population grew to 500, In-cluding 3SO highly trained .Mex-ican cow hands, all devoted to theroyal family. Among livestock men,the ranch has been known for itsbreeding of fine cattle and horses.

The only important cattle breedoriginating in this country Is theSanta' Gertrudis' .developed at theKing vanr-h to copo with localclimatic and grassing conditions. Itis a cross between the Brahmafrom India and the . shorthorn,which orfginally came from Eng-land. It is a big-heavy animal withshort hair,;sleek hide and a uniformcoloring oC dark cherry red. Afterseventeen years of cross-breedingand Inbreeding, the ranch has pro-duced a distinct new breed withthe shorthorn's beeC qualities andthe Brahma's weight,.'.hardiness-andresistance to heat, insects and dis-ease. -Lately experiments'.-have beenmade In • crossing Afrikander ' bul lswith Hereford and .other.cows.

The Kleberg's interest in horsebreeding resulted from ;their needof an all-sorrel ste«d that couldresist saiidburn—a scalding o£ thehide from a corrosive alkaii sub-stance in the Southern ranchlands,By crossing a fine type of Texasquarter horao with thoroughbreds,they developed a mount that hartspeed, cow sense and a fine ap-pearance. Some of these horseshave been sold lo the army; othershave distinguished themselves onUie race track or the polo field.

When Captain King's wife diedin 1025, her will directed that theranch properties be administeredby trustees for ten years and thendivided. Hot- son-in-law, Robert J.Kit-berg, survived her for sevenyears. I l l s son, oC the same name,has. 'been ' tho ranch manager inrecent years. The ranch has 'hadan operating income oC as much as$400,000 a year, but much ot thishas gone - I n t o improvements. - In1933 oil d r i l l ing r iKhls were soldto a major company.

In thi- J085 purlitkm the SantaGorlr'udla'or. home ranch and otherland went to Captain King's daugh-ter, wife oC the senior Kleberg nndmother of the present, manager.Richard AT. KU'berg, who representsthe family—and tho district —InCongress inherited a home-In Cor-pus Christ!. Otlu-r land went tovarious branches', of the family,some of whom have- taken POSMOB-sion. The estate was valued bysome as high as $20,000,000, In-dicating TUfluird King did bettornt grazing lorigltorn.s Uiou at mliul-lusi the jeweler's baby.

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Attend Splash Day and theSouth Texas Centennial Exposition

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WelcomeTo Corpus Christi

SPLASH DAYand to

The South TexasCentennialExpositionJune 7th to 14th

SOUTHERN

ALKALICORPORATION

THE CORPUS HK/8SJDAY* OCTOBJEK 2& 1S3*

Kingsville Is Ranch, Railroad, and College GentelGrowth MarksCity Founded32 Years Ago

Is Famous as Home Seat ofImportant South Texas

Ranch Families

Modern Dormitories House Students at College of Arts and Industries in Kingsville

"When two of the slate's outstand-ing pioneer day settlers and build-era located on broad domains inSouth Texas they laid the founda-tions on which Kinjj&viUe was tobe built as, the center of extensivecattle ranch operations, of culturaland educational activity, and ofrecreational provision.

Captain King ana Captain Ken-edy were the pioneer ranchmenwho early in the ISSQ's claimedmuch of South" Tejcas lor civiliza-tion, including that large,area whichnow looks to KingsiviHe as its cen-ter o£ business ana social activity.

Founded In 1904Klngsville, founded in 1904. has

become one of the important -citiesof this section and an outstandingcity of its' size in the s-tate. Ad-jacent ranching activity has madeIt famous as' the home scat of oneof the world's largest cattle ranches.It''is 41 railroad center oC impor-tance. As the location of TexasCollege of Aru and Industries,only state support*tJ institution ofhigher education in the South Texasarut, It ia an educational center fora,large part or Texas. lineres-l ofUS" leaders has given it a modernrace track and plant and otherrecreational activities which attractSouth Texaus and visitors in largenumbciti. And, as is true