the cardiovascular system
DESCRIPTION
The Cardiovascular System. Michael Hall PhD. University of California Los Angeles. [email protected]. The Cardiovascular System. pulmonary artery. pulmonary vein. vena cava. Epithelium and Endothelium. Types of Epithelium. Endothelium is a specialized simple - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System
Michael Hall PhD.Michael Hall PhD.
University of CaliforniaUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos Angeles
![Page 2: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
[email protected]@ucla.edu
![Page 3: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System
pulmonary artery
vena cava
pulmonary vein
![Page 4: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Epithelium and EndotheliumEpithelium and Endothelium
![Page 5: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types ofTypes ofEpitheliumEpithelium
EndotheliumEndothelium is a is a specialized simple specialized simple squamous epithelium squamous epithelium
![Page 6: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
EndotheliumSmooth muscle
Endothelium lines all blood vesselsEndothelium lines all blood vessels
![Page 7: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The role of endothelial cells in diapedesisThe role of endothelial cells in diapedesis
![Page 8: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The HeartThe Heart
![Page 9: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
R. lung
L. lung
Trunk and legs
Head and arms
SVC
IVC
Aorta
Septum
RA
RV
LA
LV
![Page 10: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Heart WallThe Heart WallEpicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Atrium
EpicardiumMyocardium
EndocardiumPericardium
Fluid
spac
e
Inside
![Page 11: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Heart valvesHeart valves
![Page 12: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
chordae tendinae
Valve
E
E
Heart valveHeart valve
F
Valve
![Page 13: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heart valves and supporting fibrous skeletonHeart valves and supporting fibrous skeleton
ValvesValves
FibrousFibrousskeletonskeleton
Cardiac Cardiac muscle muscle (myocardium)(myocardium)
![Page 14: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conducting SystemConducting System
![Page 15: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conducting system of the heartConducting system of the heart
![Page 16: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Purkinje cells Purkinje cells make up make up
the the Purkinje fibersPurkinje fibers,,
which constitute part of the which constitute part of the conducting system of the heartconducting system of the heart
EndocardiumEndocardium
Cardiac muscle fibers
![Page 17: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conducting system of the heartConducting system of the heart
Bundle of His
![Page 18: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
![Page 19: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Organization of Cardiac MuscleOrganization of Cardiac Muscle
Intercalated diskIntercalated diskIntercalated disc
myofibrils
myofiberendomysium
![Page 20: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Structure of a Cardiac Muscle SarcomereStructure of a Cardiac Muscle Sarcomere
Electron Electron MicrographMicrograph
DiagramDiagram
![Page 21: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Z-diskZ-disk
A-band
A-band
I-ban
d
I-ban
d
sarcomere
sarcomere
![Page 22: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
cardiac muscle
![Page 23: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
IDID
Branching fibersBranching fibers
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
NNCTCT
![Page 24: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Structure of intercalated disc Structure of intercalated disc of cardiac muscleof cardiac muscle
Fiber 3Fiber 3
Fiber 2Fiber 2
Fiber 4Fiber 4
FiberFiber 11
Z-disk
![Page 25: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle
![Page 26: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Smooth Muscle CellSmooth Muscle Cell
![Page 27: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Smooth Muscle SheetSmooth Muscle Sheet
![Page 28: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle
![Page 29: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Small Artery with Smooth Muscle Small Artery with Smooth Muscle in tunica media in tunica media
Endothelium
![Page 30: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Smooth Muscle ContractionSmooth Muscle Contraction
![Page 31: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The distributing portion The distributing portion of the cardiovascularof the cardiovascular
systemsystem
The arteries and veins The arteries and veins
![Page 32: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
General Structure of Artery and Vein General Structure of Artery and Vein
T. IntimaT. Intima: :
Endothelium Endothelium + Subendothelium+ Subendothelium+ Elastic lamina + Elastic lamina
T. MediaT. Media: :
Smooth muscle Smooth muscle CollagenCollagenElasticaElastica
T. AdventitiaT. Adventitia: :
CollagenCollagenElasticaElasticaVasa vasorumVasa vasorum
![Page 33: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Structure of a typical Vein and ArteryStructure of a typical Vein and Artery
![Page 34: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ArteriesArteries
![Page 35: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Muscular (distributing) Muscular (distributing) artery (eg renal, splenic)artery (eg renal, splenic)
Elastic (conducting) Elastic (conducting) artery (eg aorta)artery (eg aorta)
![Page 36: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Muscular (distributing) Muscular (distributing) artery artery
Elastic (conducting) Elastic (conducting) artery artery
T. intimaT. intima
T. mediaT. media
T adventitiaT adventitia
IELIEL
EELEEL
T. intimaT. intima
T. mediaT. mediaT adventitiaT adventitia
elastic laminae elastic laminae
![Page 37: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Arteriole and venuleArteriole and venule
V
A
IEL
![Page 38: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Atherosclerosis: deposition of fat in the Atherosclerosis: deposition of fat in the intima layerintima layer
Leading cause of death in industrialized Leading cause of death in industrialized nationsnations
Death results from occlusion or rupture of Death results from occlusion or rupture of arteriesarteries
Prevalence is close to 100%Prevalence is close to 100%
![Page 39: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
CapillariesCapillaries
![Page 40: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CapillariesCapillariesContinuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal
![Page 41: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal
Types of capillariesTypes of capillaries
![Page 42: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Capillary Capillary blood flowblood flow
A-V A-V anastomosisanastomosis
![Page 43: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Capillary functionsCapillary functions
1.1.Selective permeability barrier:Selective permeability barrier: Exchange of nutrientsExchange of nutrients
2.2.Metabolic functions:Metabolic functions: Effect on blood flowEffect on blood flow
1.1.Antithrombogenic effect:Antithrombogenic effect: Prevention of blood clottingPrevention of blood clotting
![Page 44: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
VeinsVeins
![Page 45: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Muscular artery and large vein
![Page 46: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Large veinLarge veineg. vena cavaeg. vena cava
Medium veinMedium vein
t. i
t. m
t. a
t. a
t. mt. i
![Page 47: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Large vein
small vein/venuleSmall artery
Arterioles
Venule
TM
TA
![Page 48: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Contraction of skeletal and smooth muscleaid in the return of blood to the heart. Valves prevent backflow
![Page 49: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
LymphaticsLymphatics
![Page 50: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Vblood flow
![Page 52: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Capillary Exchange
![Page 53: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813ad2550346895da30131/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Heart valveHeart valveelastica
CT
chordae tendinae
Valve
Valve