the case of the scarlett streak: mineral identification virginia t. mclemore new mexico bureau of...
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THE CASE OF THE SCARLETT STREAK:
MINERAL IDENTIFICATION
Virginia T. McLemore
New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
New Mexico Tech
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What is a mineral?
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What is a mineral?• naturally occurring• inorganic• solid• homogeneous• crystalline material • with a unique chemical element or
compound with a set chemical formula• usually obtained from the ground
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A crystal is composed of a structural unit that is repeated in three dimensions. This is the basic
structural unit of a crystal of sodium chloride, the mineral halite.
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Why are minerals important?
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Why are minerals important?
• Identification of rocks
• commodities that we use every day
• foundation of understanding geology and geologic processes that affect us everyday
• understanding geologic hazards
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Minerals have distinctive physical and chemical
properties that allow for their identification.
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Properties of minerals Habit (Crystal forms and
shapes) Hardness Cleavage Streak Color Luster Transparency Twinning Fracture Specific Gravity Associated Minerals
Fluorescence Magnetism Odor Feel Taste Solubility Reaction to acids Radioactive
minerals Meteoritic minerals
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Hardness
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Hardness• ease or difficulty with
which the mineral can be scratched
• controlled by the strength of bonds between atoms
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Cleavage
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Cleavage
• Way the mineral breaks or fractures
• one direction of weakness, or in other minerals, 2, 3, 4, or as many as 6 may be present
• determine the angular relation between the resulting cleavage surfaces– perpendicular– acute– obtuse
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www.ironorchid.com/minerals/
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From:geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/minerals.htm
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Streak
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Streak
• color of a mineral when it is powdered
• crushing and powdering a mineral eliminates some of the effects of impurities and structural flaws
• Black - Graphite • Black - Pyrite • Black - Magnetite • Black - Chalcopyrite • Gray - Galena • Limonite - Yellow-
brown • Hematite - Red-
brown
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From:geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/minerals.htm
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academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/mineral_id...
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Luster
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Luster• way a mineral’s
surface reflects light
• metallic• earthy• waxy• greasy• vitreous (glassy)• adamantine (or
brilliant, as in a faceted diamond)
From:geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/minerals.htm
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www.ironorchid.com/minerals/
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Properties of minerals Habit (Crystal forms and
shapes) Hardness Cleavage Streak Color Luster Transparency Twinning Fracture Specific Gravity Associated Minerals
Fluorescence Magnetism Odor Feel Taste Solubility Reaction to acids Radioactive
minerals Meteoritic minerals
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Color
From:geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/minerals.htm
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Habit• Crystal shape• six crystal systems• governed by the
mineral's internal structure • triclinic
• monoclinic• orthorhombic• tetragonal• hexagonal• isometric
From:geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/minerals.htm
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Specific Gravity
• specific gravity
– ratio of mineral density to the density of water
• similar to weight
• density – ratio of the mass of a mineral to its volume
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academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/mineral_id...
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academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/mineral_id...
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