the case study of national-scale material flow assessment ......iron and steel cycle in...

Ecomaterial Design and Process EngineeringGraduate School of Environmental StudiesTohoku University, Sendai, JapanYOKOYAMA Kazuyo NAGASAKA Tetsuya

17, January, 2007 Environmental & Energy International Conference , Taipei,

Taiwan

The Case Study of National-scale Material Flow Assessment－the Japan Experience

2

Resources

7.1

Domestic

Resources

11.2

Import Products

0.7

Natural Resources 18.4

Total Material Input 21.3

Net Addition to Stock

11.5

Energy Consumption 4.2

Exports 1.0Volatilization

& diffusion

0.9

Amount of cycle use 2.3

Municipal Waste 0.5

Industrial Waste 2.4

Food Consumption 1.3

Total Waste Generation

5.2

（Units ：×10 t）

Final

Disposal

28.3

11.0

Imports

Hidden Flow

Natural Resources

Material flow of Japan（2000year basis ）

Contemporary society is based on much resource input.

8

Population = 127 Million

The total land area isapproximately 380,000 km2.

The islands stretch nearly3,000 km from north to south.

3

Sendai仙台

Transfer Resource & products

Domestic resources

Net Addition to Stock

Energy consumption

Input of Natural resources

Total Material Input

Waste from other prefectures

Food Consumption

Transfer

Final disposal

Total WasteGeneration

Amount of cycle use

Reduction of volume

Unit: 10 thousand ton

Natural reduction

Material flow of Miyagi Prefecture（2003 FY basis）

4

• For sound social metabolism, or efficient and sustainable management of resources…

• We need more and more detail information about following questions.

• Where and how much the valuable materials exist in our society?

• When and how we can / should recover the materials from the durable commodities as secondary resources?

• How we should manage valuable materials in our society?

5

Contents• “Substance/material flows as sustainability indexes”

– funded by RISTEX-JST Demand and supply of rare metal in Japan SFA of molybdenum associated with iron and steel cycle in JapanMaterial flow of Phosphorus in Japan

• “Development of Material Stock Account Framework and Its Application: Strategies for Waste / Resource Management”– funded by Ministry of Environment

Development of MSA Framework that is consistent with Economy-Wide MFA FrameworkApplication of MSA and Scenario Analysis

6

NIMSBase Metal Flow Analysis Group.

Nagoya Univ.Kobe yamate Univ.

Substance Flow Analysis Group

Tohoku Univ,Headquarter group

Waseda Univ.Modeling and

Methodology Group.

Substance/material flows as sustainability indexesas a Contract Research Program “The Study on Sustainable Society”funded by RISTEX-JST (Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society -Japan Science and Technology Agency). : 2003~2006

7

Substance/material flows as sustainability indexesRISTEX-JST : 2003~2006

Symposium on Advanced Material Flow Analysis for the Sustainable SocietySeptember 25 – 26, 2006

Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanSponsored by

RISTEX (Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society), JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)

8

（Include return scrap and industrial scrap）

Data；JATIS

Iron and steel cycle in Japan

Data: The Japan ferrous raw materials associationIron and steel cycle in Japan（2003fy）(unit: 1000t)

Crude steel production：111Mt

Pig iron consumption：82Mt

Scrap consumption：39Mt

Steel sheet and strip steelSteel sheet and strip steel, which have higquality and high performance, are mainlymade of pig iron in converter furnace.converter furnace.

（→ Motor vehicle, can,…

Section steelSection steel and bar steelbar steel, which arerecycled steel, are mainly made of scrap in electric arc furnaceelectric arc furnace.

（→ construction, civil engineeri

9

Demand of rare metals in Japan

Demand of rare metal for steel making（2003）

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Ni Cr Mｎ Co W Mo V Nb Sb Ti

Dem

and o

f m

eta

l fo

r st

eel m

akin

g,

(1000t)

primary materialrecycled material

Ni ; heat resistance, oxidation resistance

Cr ; high-strength, abrasion resistance

Mn ; high-tensile strength, abrasion resistance

Mo ;high-toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance

Rare metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Mo, …etc.) are used for steel making process in order to…

10

Demand of rare metals in Japan (import)

http://www.jogmec.go.jp/j_resourse/index.html

China

W

Ferro Cr

South Africa

Pt

Ferro V

Indonesia

Australia Chile

Ni-ore

Mo-oreCu-ore

Pb-oreZn-ore

Japan has few domestic natural resources, Japan depends on importsfor almost all of the non-ferrous metals and minerals.

11

Demand of rare metals in the world

(a)Ni, Consumption(World) : 1,253 ×103 Ni-t (2004)

others: 46%China: 12%

America: 11%

Korea: 8%Germany: 8%

Japan: 15%


Kazakhstan: 12%

SouthAfrica: 14%

Germany: 6%Japan: 11%


Ukraine: 14%India: 8%

Japan: 6%

SouthAfrica: 9%

others: 18%

China: 13%

America: 21%

EU: 33%

Japan: 15%

(b)Cr, Consumption(World) : 4,695 ×103 Cr-t (2003)

(c)Mo, Consumption(World) : 175 ×103 Mo-t (2004)

(d)Mn, Consumption(World) : 19,630 ×103 t (2001)

Large amount of rare metals are consumed in Japan. On the other hand, it is expected to increase consumptionsof rare metals in other Asian countries (China, Korea…) with industrial development.

12

National stockpiling program in Japan

Stockpiling program of non-ferrous materials in Japan

Since 1983, JOGMEC (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation ) has managed the national stockpiling of rare metals to prevent any short-term supply shortage.At present, JOGMEC stockpiles 7 materials : nickel, chromium, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, and vanadium.

NickelNickel

ChromiumChromium

TungstenTungsten

CobaltCobalt

MolybdenumMolybdenum

ManganeseManganese

VanadiumVanadium

A management of these metals is important from the viewpoint of thematerial-cycle and the strategic resource utilization…

13

Material flow data in Japan

181716151413121110987654321

Md

Tm

Bi

Sb

As

P

N

LrNoFmEsCfBkCmAmPuNpUPaThAcactinoid

LuYbErHoDyTbGdEuSmPmNdPrCeLalanthanoid

actinoidRaFr

RnAtPoPbTlHgAuPtIrOsReWTaHflanthanoidBaCs

XeITeSnInCdAgPdRhRuTcMoNbZrYSrRb

KrBrSeGeGaZnCuNiCoFeMnCrVTiScCaK

ArClSSiAlMgNa

NeFOCBBeLi

HeH181716151413121110987654321

Md

Tm

Bi

Sb

As

P

N

LrNoFmEsCfBkCmAmPuNpUPaThAcactinoid

LuYbErHoDyTbGdEuSmPmNdPrCeLalanthanoid

actinoidRaFr

RnAtPoPbTlHgAuPtIrOsReWTaHflanthanoidBaCs

XeITeSnInCdAgPdRhRuTcMoNbZrYSrRb

KrBrSeGeGaZnCuNiCoFeMnCrVTiScCaK

ArClSSiAlMgNa

NeFOCBBeLi

HeH JOGMEC2)

NIMS et al.3)

Target elements (JOGMEC: 44, NIMS et al: 22)

M.SHIMADA, K.IJIMA, Y.SAWATANI, K.NAKAJIMA, T.NAGASAKA, T.TSUKIHASHI, Y.MORIGUCHI, and K.HALADA: “New Trend of Material Flow in the Era of Globalization”, Advance in Ecomaterials, pp.620-633, (2005)

3) NIMS, Tohoku Univ., University of Tokyo, and NIES2) JOGMEC

JOGMEC: “Koubutsu Shigen Material Flow 2004 (in Japanese)”, (2005)

METI: “Yearbook of iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, and fabricated metals statistics”, (2005)

1) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Material flow data

Supply and demand data

14





15

Production: 2,468

Roasted molybdenumore

(Import: 21,300)

MolybdateMetalic

molybdenum

Ferro-molybdenum

Production: 3,323Import: 5,066

BricketMolybdenum

(Production: 660)*

Inorganicchemicals

Wire, Plate, Bar,Powder, Sheet

(Production: 660)*

Iron and steelproducts

(Production: 23,800)*

Catalysits

Moter Vehicle,Industrial equipment,

etc.

Electricapparatus

Petroleumrefining,

Petrochemicals

Pigments,Antirust additives

Raw materials

Intermediatematerials

Final products

Final demand

End of lifecatalysits

(recycle: 886)

Scrap(recycle: 2,900)*

End of lifeproducts

(*: 2003fy data), Unit: Mo-t

Molybdenum flow in Japan(FY2004) Data: http://www.jogmec.go.jp

Demand of molybdenum was 27.0×103Mo-t in 2004fy. About 94% of molybdenum demand was used for steel materials, and another was used for a catalyst, an electronic industry material, and an inorganic medicine, etc. Thus, the 94% of molybdenum flow associated with iron and steel flow was uncertain.

16

Molybdenum flow in Japan(FY2004) Data: http://www.jogmec.go.jp

Production: 2,468

Roasted molybdenumore

(Import: 21,300)

MolybdateMetalic

molybdenum

Ferro-molybdenum

Production: 3,323Import: 5,066

BricketMolybdenum

(Production: 660)*

Inorganicchemicals

Wire, Plate, Bar,Powder, Sheet

(Production: 660)*

Iron and steelproducts

(Production: 23,800)*

Catalysits

Moter Vehicle,Industrial equipment,

etc.

Electricapparatus

Petroleumrefining,

Petrochemicals

Pigments,Antirust additives

Raw materials

Intermediatematerials

Final products

Final demand

End of lifecatalysits

(recycle: 886)

Scrap(recycle: 2,900)*

End of lifeproducts

(*: 2003fy data), Unit: Mo-t

Mo flow assosiated withiron and steel flow

17

(d) DemandProduction=α

Demand of special steel materials, and Mo-content in steel materials

(a)Production amountof crude steel

(special steel: SS)

(b) Demand of steelmaterials(SS) by finalcommodity production

(c) Mo-contentin steel materials

(e)Demand of Moby final commodity

production（originated from SS）

(h)Amount of Mo incrude steel (SS)

(g) Mo-contentin final commodity

(originated from SS)

(f) Yield ratio

Flow chart and data source for estimation

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

Construction

Industrialmachinery

Generalmachinery

Household and office apparatus

Ship

Moter vehicle

Rolling stock

Other transportequipment

Container

Others

Demand of steel, m/kt

Carbon tool steel Alloy tool steel

Carbon steel for stractual uses Alloy steel for structual uses

Free cuttingsteel

Spring steel

Bearing steel Stainless steel

Heat resisting steel Piano wire rods

High tensile strength steel Others

(b) Dem and of special steel m aterials by final com m odity production (2 0 0 4fy)

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

Construction

Industrialmachinery

Generalmachinery


Ship

Moter vehicle

Rolling stock


Container

Others

Demand of steel, m/kt



Free cuttingsteel

Spring steel




(b) Dem and of special steel m aterials by final com m odity production (2 0 0 4fy)

(c)Mo-content in steel materials

Mo-content（％） Mo-content（％）Carbon tool steel 0 Bearing steel 0.05Alloy tool steel 1.5 Stainless steel 0.2Carbon steel forstractual uses

0.02Heat resistingsteel

0.5

Alloy steel forstructual uses

0.08 Piano wire rods 0

Free cuttingsteel 0High tensilestrength steel

0.01

Spring steel 0.03 Others 0.01

18

(d) DemandProduction=α

Demand of Mo by final commodity production (Estimated result)

(a)Production amountof crude steel

(special steel: SS)

(b) Demand of steelmaterials(SS) by finalcommodity production

(c) Mo-contentin steel materials

(e)Demand of Moby final commodity

production（originated from SS）

(h)Amount of Mo incrude steel (SS)

(g) Mo-contentin final commodity

(originated from SS)

(f) Yield ratio

Flow chart and data source for estimation

(e) Dem and of M o by final com m odity production (originated from special steel) (2 00 4fy)

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500

Construction

Industrialmachinery

Generalmachinery


Ship

Moter vehicle

Rolling stock


Container

Others

Demand of molybdenium with steel, m/Mo-t



Free cuttingsteel

Spring steel




19

Crude steel (special steel)： 23,820 kt(18,500 Mo-t)

Hot-rolled steel materials: 20,000 kt(15,500 Mo-t)

Steel materials: 18,420 kt(14,310 Mo-t)

Domestic: 12,360 kt(9,600 Mo-t)

Steel in f inal products: 10 ,930 kt (8 ,490 Mo-t)

hot-rolling

Scrap: 3,820 kt(2,950 Mo-t)

Inventory: 1,580 kt(1,240 Mo-t)

Production amountof crude steel

Scrap: 1,430 kt(1,110 Mo-t)

Production

Export: 4 ,370 kt(3 ,400 Mo-t)

Production amountof hot-rolled steel

Demandof steel materials

Domestic : 6 ,560 kt(5 ,090 Mo-t)

Demand of steelin final products

Export: 6 ,060 kt(4 ,710 Mo-t)

Demand of steel materials(SS) in final commodity is 18.4×106t (domestic: 12.4×106t), and that contains 14.3×103 Mo-t (domestic: 9.6×103Mo-t) of molybdenum.

Crude steel for special steel (23.8×106t) contains 18.5×103Mo-t of molybdenum

Demand of Mo associated with iron and steel cycle(2004fy)

20

Molybdenum parts used in motor vehicle

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Weight of parts　(g / Moter vehicle)

Mo

-conte

nt

in p

arts

　(%

)

Engine valve

it seems that a dismantling process to remove automobile parts contains molybdenum is needed in order to promote molybdenum recycling. One of the specific pars is engine valve in automobile whose Mo-content is 0.7%.

21





22

Present status of the world phosphorus resources

・Main use： raw materials for fertilizer

・It completely depends on import.

Ministry of finance Japan “Trade Statistics”

Fig. The amount of phosphate rock imported.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1993 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Other countryJordanChinaSouth AfricaMoroccoU.S.A

Phos

phat

e ro

ck k

t/yea

r

yearFig. Phosphate rock production ratein the world. (2002)

24%

17%

16%

13%

5%

5%

4%

3%2% 11% United State

MoroccoChinaRussiaJordanTunisiaBrazilIsraelSouth Africaother countries

Total: 44,100 kt

24%

17%

16%

5%

13%

23

Fig Material flow of phosphorus in Japan, 1993

Fertilizer350

Stock-breeding

10Crop130

Industrialmaterial

40

Marine product

170

Farm610

Human90

detergent40

Livestock260

Soil Accumulation530

Water system

90

Disposal50

Food Export10

Sewage6

Domestic Activity

1000

Import700

Unit：1000t- P/year

H. Mishina “Saisei to Riyou” Vol. 26 No. 98 2003/1

Domestic material flow of phosphorus( Conventional type)

Diffusion

24

Dephosphorization of steel with slag

coal ore lime

raw materials

coke sinter

blast furnace

torpedo car

hot metal

scrap

BOF

steelmaking

continuourcasting

RH

De-P

Phosphorus is a natural enemy for steel, because it enhances cold brittleness of steel product.

Iron- and steelmaking process

One of the most important roles of steelmaking slag is dephosphorization of molten steel.

The slag after the dephosphorization contains approximately 2 to 10 mass% of P2O5 together with FetO, CaO and SiO2.

25

Iron ore

Lime stone

Coals cokes

Cokes

furnace

Sinteringfacilities

Blastfurnace

EFBlast furnaceslag

Hot metal pre-treatment slag

Torpedo Car

LD slag

LD

EFslag

Secondary refining

Steelmaking process outline

Steelmaking slag

LD slag Pre treatment slag EF slag

Not pre deP After pre de P de Pde S/ de Si3329 kt

956 kt 1553 kt4431kt1899 kt

12168 kt

The amount of slag generation based on slag emission intensity

LD slag Pre treatment slag EF slag

Not pre de P After pre de P de Pde S/ de Si2.9 kt

2.7 kt 33.9kt29.0kt24.9kt

The amount of P emission with slag emissionTotal : 93.4 kt

3.0% 5.0%1.5% 0.2% 0.2%

26

Products/ by-products

Waste

Nature

River/Coast area

River/Coast area

Soil accumulation

Slag

Steel

110.6

155.9

141.3

110.6

155.9

141.3

Phosphaterock

Chemical substance

Fertilizer

22.2

Domestic products

155.2

395.2

Fertilizer

173.4Trade/Fishery

24.5

224.9

Chemical industry

88.2Other industry

112.8Other mineral resources

4.7

92.39Steelmaking industry

129.2145.2Livestock

42.0 17.5

111.8Food & Feed

356.1

Farm/RanchFarm/Ranch

54.5

13.8Human

17.4Sludge

42.8

miscellaneous drainage

トータルフロー

Material flow of Phosphorus in Japan: Part 1

27

Fertilizer

Fig. 6 Domestic material flow of phosphorus. No.2

110.6

Livestock

Sludge

Chemical industry Fertilizer

Phosphorusore

Soil accumulation

Farm/Ranch

Food & FeedHuman

Other industry Products/

by-products

Steelmaking industry

Other mineral resources

Steel Slag

Sludge

Livestock

miscellaneous drainage

Waste

River/Coast area

Concentration

Amount of Phosphorus

Material flow of Phosphorus in Japan: Part 2

28

Substance/material flows as sustainability indexesRISTEX-JST : 2003~2006

• Our main outcomes are – to quantitatively investigate flows of base materials,

such as Fe, Al, Cu and associated substances, such as Mo, In, P by using the methods of material flow analysis (MFA), substance flow analysis (SFA), and waste input-output analysis,

– to develop WIO-MFA model as a mathematical model that enables integrative assessment and analysis of these data from temporal and spatial axes.

29




Development of MSA Framework that is consistent with Economy-Wide MFA Framework

30

Resources

7 .1

Dom estic

Resources

1 1 .2

Im port Products

0 .7

Natural Resources 1 8 .4

Total M aterial Input 2 1.3

Net A ddition to Stock

11 .5

Energy Consum ption 4.2

Exports 1 .0Volatilization

& diffusion

0.9

A m ount of cycle use 2 .3

M unicipal W aste 0.5

Industrial W aste 2.4

Food Consum ption 1 .3

Total W aste Generation

5.2

（Units ：× 10 t）

Final

Disposal

Resources

7 .1

Dom estic

Resources

1 1 .2

Im port Products

0 .7

Natural Resources 1 8 .4

Total M aterial Input 2 1.3

Net A ddition to Stock

11 .5

Energy Consum ption 4.2

Exports 1 .0Volatilization

& diffusion

0.9

A m ount of cycle use 2 .3

M unicipal W aste 0.5

Industrial W aste 2.4

Food Consum ption 1 .3

Total W aste Generation

5.2

（Units ：× 10 t）

Final

Disposal

2 8 .3

11.0

Im ports

Hidden Flow

Natural Resources

2 8 .3

11.0

Im ports

Hidden Flow

Natural Resources

M aterial flow of Japan（200 0 year basis ）

8

Most materials which have been exploited in the past centuries are still “hibernating” somewhere in the anthroposphere.

Brunner (1999,2004)

Development of Material Stock Account Frameworkand Its Application: Strategies for Waste / Resource Management

1. Development of MSA Framework that is consistent with Economy-Wide MFA Framework

2. Application of MSA and Scenario Analysis

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for Waste treatment:2006~2008

Base Metal

Material Stock Accounting

(MSA)

Construction building and civil engineering

structure

Rare metal

Accounting framework and methodology Hibernating stock

Landfilled wasteCarbon stock(biomass, plastics)

32

Seiji Hashimoto National Institute for Environmental StudiesTomohiro Tasaki National Institute for Environmental StudiesShinsuke Murakami National Institute for Environmental StudiesOsamu Umezawa Yokohama National UniversityHiroki Tanikawa Wakayama UniversityIchiro Daigo The University of TokyoKen-ichi Nakajima Tohoku UniversityKazuyo Yokoyama Tohoku UniversityMasaaki Fuse National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and technologyEiji Yamasue Kyoto University

Development of Material Stock Account Frameworkand Its Application: Strategies for Waste / Resource Management

Base Metal

Material Stock Accounting

(MSA)

Construction building and civil engineering

structure

Rare metal

Accounting framework and methodology Hibernating stock

Landfilled wasteCarbon stock(biomass, plastics)

33

What is “material stock”?

UnusedinfrastructuresUnused/left

products

Dissipated/leftwastes

Unknown export ofused products

Landfilled wastes

Taiwan High Speed Rail

Taipei 101

34



Taipei 101

Potential wastesPotential Resources

35



products



Landfilled wastes

Collectability?Value?Market?

36

Objective of “Material Stock Accounting”

• Accurate estimation of materials that come out of hibernation for– Appropriate management of discarded wastes from stocks– Improvement of resource productivity through recovery of

secondary resources from stocks


products



Landfilled wastes


Taipei 101

Framework of Economy-Wide Material Flow Accounts

Source: Some modifications of Eurostat (2001)

Economy

Domestic Environment

Imports

DomesticExtractions

Unused Domestic Extractions(Domestic Hidden Flows)

Indirect FlowsAssociated to Imports(Foreign Hidden Flows)

Net Additionsto Stock

Exports

Emissions toNature

Exhaust GasesWaste LiquidsSolid Waste

Dissipative flows

Indirect FlowsAssociated to Exports

Definition and Categories of Stocked Materials

TimeSpace

Stocked materials are defined by

system boundary

Some vagueness remains in the Economy-Wide MFA. But it is difficult to define the clear boundary between the economy and the environment.

Categorization of stocked materials by condition of usage is useful. This will make a framework of MSA consistent with the framework of Economy-Wide MFA.

In the environmentOn boundary between the economy and the

environmentWithin the economy

Materials now accounted as stock in Economy-Wide MFA

Definition and Categories of Stocked Materials

TimeSpace

Stocked materials are defined by

system boundary

Considering the objectives of Material Stock Accounts, what have short life spans are not stocked materials that we are concerned with.

Categorization of stocked materials by condition of usage is useful.

> 1 yr life span< 1 yr life span


Categories of Stocked Materials

Infrastructure,building foundations,

etc.

Buildings, machineries,

cars, etc.

Inventories,foods at home,

etc.

> 1 yr life spanDissipated/

left waste

< 1 yr life span

In use Unused/Dead DissipatedUnused/

LeftIn use

In the environment

On boundary between the economy and the environment

Within the economy


Categorization by condition of usage (tentative)

Hibernating

Categories of Stocked Materials

In the environment

On boundary between the economy and the environment

Within the economy


Categorization by condition of usage (tentative)

Not possibly used as secondary resources

TechnologicallyInstitutionallyEconomically

Used as secondary resources

Not possibly collected as wasteCollected as waste

Categorization by possibility of reutilization

How much waste will be generated from stock?

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Input

Wooden

Reinforced concreteSteel reinforced concrete

Steel

Landslide control / flood control

Agriculture / forestry / fishery

Road

Harbors / airportsSewerage / park

Land development

Others

Buildings

Infrastructure

WaterworksElectricity / gasRailway / track / car traffic

Recovery from disaster

BuildingsInfrastructure

Output

Year 1995(million t)

Construction minerals

Net Additions to Stock

How much secondary resources can be recovered from stock?

Steel stock in Japan1.26 billion tons (2003)

Estimated by the Japan Ferrous Raw Materials Association How much steel in stock can be reutilized?

（Include return scrap and industrial scrap）

Data；JATIS

Data: The Japan ferrous raw materials associationIron and steel cycle in Japan（2003fy）(unit: 1000 t)

44

How we should manage such secondary resources in future?

HighQuality

LowQuality

ProductionProcess

Quantity of ferrous material

Shindachi / Return scrapsHigh-grade scrap

Heavy / Shredded / Pressed scrapLow-grade scrap

Production

Material Input

Usage

Disposal

Material industry・Precision instrumentsmanufacturer

Electric machinery・Automobile industry

Construction,Civil engineering

Agriculture M aterials C onstruction Incineration Landfilled Final dem and O utputAgricultureM aterialsC onstructionG arbageM etal scrapIncineration ashAdded valueEm ission

Industry W aste treatm ent

Industry

W aste

　　　　　　　SNA IO Table (M onetary based table)

Physical based table

Exte

nsio

n

Extension

WIO Table

System of National Account (SNA) and Material stock Accounting (MSA)Hybrid Accounting sysytem• System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting(SEEA)• Physical Input Output Table(PIOT)• Waste Input Output Table・・・etc

45

Summery

• MFA of Mo: – from Upstream

• MFA of P: – from Downstream

• Material Stock Accounting: – Proposal of new framework

Ecomaterial Design and Process EngineeringGraduate School of Environmental StudiesTOHOKU University YOKOYAMA KazuyoE-mail: [email protected]

Thank you very much for kind attention.

the case study of national-scale material flow assessment ......iron and steel cycle in...

Documents