the causes of war and the conditions of peace

7/25/2019 the Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace

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The Causes ofThe Causes ofWar and theWar and the

Conditions ofConditions ofPeacePeace

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War

War has been far too common in human historyand thus is the central problem of internationalrelations. Many political scientists and foreignpolicymakers view war as the continuation ofpolitics: When diplomacy fails, some states decideto use force.

Others see war as the result of a breakdown of themodern international system because so many ofthe rules of international institutions weredesigned to reduce con ict among states.


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Causes of WarHuman nature : !umans are naturally violent andaggressive, making war inevitable.Regime types : "ome regimes are more prone towaging war than others.Example : #here has been e$tensive research onwhether democracies are less likely to start warsthan other regimes. Overall, it appears thatdemocracies are less likely to %ght otherdemocracies, a phenomenon scholars refer to as thedemocratic peace. &emocracies are, however, 'ust aslikely as other types of regimes to %ght non(democracies.

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Causes of War deology : Some political beliefs favour war more than others.Some scholars blame fascism, for example, for World War II.

Religion : Religious belief has driven many states to war, eitherto spread the faith or to eradicate heretics.

Example : During the early modern era, nearly every uropeancountry experienced numerous wars of religion as the !atholicssought to destroy the "rotestants. #he wars of religion culminatedin the #hirty $ears% War, which stretched from Spain and &rance tothe eastern stretches of 'ermany during the seventeenth century.It was a brutal and horrific war, and the !atholics% failure to win thewar mar(ed the end of the ma)or religious wars in urope.

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+auses of War ( Militarism

Militarism is thebelief in using forceof arms to resolvedisputes.Militarism led toarms races.

rmy si-es grewin response toincreasedperceive threats.


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+auses of War (/mperialism

/mperialism led todisputes between

the powers.0ivals competedto control newterritories.

/mperialsuccesses bredcontempt forrivals.


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+auses of War 2 lliance

"ystemn alliance

system spanned

most of 3urope.&eterrence keptthe peace for atime.

!owever, even aminor con ictmight erupt into ama'or war.

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+auses of War 2 /nternationalnarchy

#here was no bigorgani-ation, likethe 56, wherecrises could bedealt with.

#he lack ofsomewhere torefer disputesmeant thatcountries were leftto their own

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Economics andresources:&isputes overresources oftenlead to war.

+auses of War

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Types of War

*lthough all wars are violent, not allwars are the same. In fact, there are

many different types of wars, which canbe classified according to which peopleactually fight, the intensity of the

conflict, and the extent of combatants%use of violence, among other factors.

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Types of War

"cholars generally describe %ve typesof war:

#otal warimited war

;uerrilla war+ivil war


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Total War

* total war is a war in which combatants use everyresource available to destroy the social fabric of theenemy.

#otal wars are highly destructive and are characteri+edby mass civilian casualties because winning a total waroften re uires combatants to brea( the people%s will tocontinue fighting. World Wars I and II were total wars,

mar(ed by the complete destruction of the civilianeconomy and society in many countries, including&rance, 'ermany, the Soviet -nion, Italy, 'reat ritain,and /apan.

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imited War

* limited war is a war fought primarily betweenprofessional armies to achieve specific political ob)ectiveswithout causing widespread destruction.

*lthough the total of civilian casualties may be high,combatants do not see( to completely destroy theenemy%s social and economic framewor(s.

#he "ersian 'ulf War of 011230110 was a limited war inwhich the -nited States and its allies forcibly removedIra i troops from 4uwait

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Guerrilla War

A guerrilla war is a war in which one or bothcombatants use small, lightly armed militia unitsrather than professional, organized armies. Guerrillafighters usually see to topple their go!ernment,often en"oying the support of the people.

#hese wars are often !ery long but also tend to besuccessful for the insurgents as e!idenced by $ao%edong&s !ictory o!er 'hiang (ai)she in 'hina in the*+ -s, the ietcong&s !ictory o!er the /nited 0tatesin the ietnam 1ar, and the $u"ahideen&s !ictory o!erthe 0o!iet /nion in Afghanistan in the *+2-s.

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Civil War

* civil war is a war fought within a single countrybetween or among different groups of citi+ens who wantto control the government and do not recogni+e anothergroup%s right to rule.

!ivil wars are almost always total wars because eachside feels compelled to destroy the enemy%s politicalsupport base. Regional rifts, such as the *merican !ivil

War between the 5orth and the South, characteri+e somecivil wars, whereas other civil wars have been foughtamong ethnic rivals, religious rivals, and rival clans.Revolutions can spar( civil wars as well.

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Proxy War

* proxy war is a war fought by third partiesrather than by the enemy states themselves.6any of the militari+ed conflicts during the!old War, such as the 4orean War and the7ietnamWar, can be interpreted as proxy wars

between the -nited States and the Soviet-nion, neither of which wanted to fight eachother directly.

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#he +onditions of


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0easons for world community.?

Writers, like @ictor !ugoand eo #olstoy fosteredthis.


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0easons for


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Reasons for Peace Economic

nterdependence3conomic/nterdependenceconvinced many that noma'or nation would riskthe disruption of war.

Markets and sources of

raw materials meant thatpotential enemies tradede$tensively with each(other.

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What 6e$tA

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#utorial Buestion

What is warA +an and how do wede%ne warA &oes the modern erareCuire us to e$amine ourde%nition of warA


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#hank Dou

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the causes of war and the conditions of peace

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