the cell cycle 5.1. background knowledge answer the following questions: 1. how many cells do you...
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The Cell Cycle
5.1
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Background Knowledge
Answer the following questions:
1. How many cells do you think your body has?
2. Why does your body need to have a lot of cells?
Each of us began as a single cell, so one important question is:
3. How did that single cell develop into a body with more than a trillion cells?
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I. The Life of a Cell Most cells in the body are called
somatic cells.
These cells go through a series of stages called the cell cycle.
Most of the cell’s life is spent in interphase, a phase of growth and normal functioning.
A portion of its life is spent in cell division.
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II. Cell Division
• Cell division, also called cell reproduction, occurs in humans and other organisms at different times in their life.
- Multi-cellular organisms grow by increasing the
number of their cells.
- Cell division replaces worn out or damaged cells.
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III. The Cell Cycle
Period in which a cell grows, prepares to divide, and then divides
Consists of 3 main stages:1. interphase – the longest period2. mitosis – nuclear division3. cytokinesis – cytoplasm
division
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III. The Cell Cycle Interphase consists of
3 stages:
G1 - Cell Grows(Checkpoint)
S - Genetic Material replicates
G2 - Cell Grows - prepares for mitosis
(Checkpoint)
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IV. Checkpoints Control of the cell cycle occurs with a series of
checkpoints – (cell cycle control system)
3 Checkpoints: G1 - Checks for normal growth – decides whether the cell
will divide. G2 - Checks for proper DNA synthesis M - Checks for proper attachment in mitosis before cells are
pulled apart – triggers the exit from mitosis
If any of these checkpoints fail apoptosis (programmed cell death)
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http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
Cell Cycle Demo
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V. What can go wrong?
At any point in the cycle, the cell could malfunction.
If it does not pass a checkpoint, it either dies or goes into a permanent resting state.
Cancer – a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated