the cell cycle a review what is the cell cycle? the time and activities that take place from one...
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The Cell Cycle
A Review
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What is the Cell Cycle?The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the nextOrFrom cell “birth” to cell “death”Alternation between Interphase and Mitosis
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A look at the cell cycle
G1
S
G2
M
G1 S G2 M
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Components
Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis (M)Gap 1: birth to DNA replicationSynthesis: DNA duplicationGap 2: gap before mitosisMitosis: nuclear division (followed by cytokinesis)
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Mitosis: The steps
Prophase
Prometaphase*
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis*
*extensions from the “PMAT” skeleton of mitosis
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Prophase
Chromatin condenses into ChromosomesSister chromatids attached at centromereNuclear envelope still present
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PrometaphaseNuclear envelope disappears
Sister chromatids clearly visible and attach to spindle via kinetochore
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Metaphase
Chromosomes align at metaphase plate
Homologous pairs align SEPARATELY
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Anaphase
Sister chromatids sever at centromere
V-shaped chromatids
Movement toward opposite poles
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Telophase
Two visible sets of chromosomes
Nuclear envelope reforms
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Cytokinesis
Cell division: cytoplasm divides
Formation of new cell membrane
Cytokinesis vs. Interphase:Chromosomes still visible
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Textbook Reference Materials
Chapter 4 second Edition
Title: The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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Glossary
Chromatin: undifferentiated mass of thread-like DNA/protein in cell nucleus during interphase
Chromosomes: self-replicating structures in cells; contains DNA; visible during Prophase of mitosis
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Glossary cont.
Sister chromatids: duplicated IDENTICAL chromosomes attached at centromere after SynthesisCentromere: condensed region of a chromosomeKinetochore: protein structure at centromere that acts as molecular “motor for chromatids
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Glossary Cont.
Metaphase plate: imaginary equatorial line midway between cell poles
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Selected Web Sites
http://www.cellsalive.com/
cell cycle
mitosis
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/problems.html
test yourself