the cell cycle a review what is the cell cycle? the time and activities that take place from one...

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The Cell Cycle A Review

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Page 1: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

The Cell Cycle

A Review

Page 2: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

What is the Cell Cycle?The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the nextOrFrom cell “birth” to cell “death”Alternation between Interphase and Mitosis

Page 3: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

A look at the cell cycle

G1

S

G2

M

G1 S G2 M

Page 4: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Components

Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis (M)Gap 1: birth to DNA replicationSynthesis: DNA duplicationGap 2: gap before mitosisMitosis: nuclear division (followed by cytokinesis)

Page 5: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Mitosis: The steps

Prophase

Prometaphase*

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis*

*extensions from the “PMAT” skeleton of mitosis

Page 6: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Prophase

Chromatin condenses into ChromosomesSister chromatids attached at centromereNuclear envelope still present

Page 7: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

PrometaphaseNuclear envelope disappears

Sister chromatids clearly visible and attach to spindle via kinetochore

Page 8: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at metaphase plate

Homologous pairs align SEPARATELY

Page 9: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Anaphase

Sister chromatids sever at centromere

V-shaped chromatids

Movement toward opposite poles

Page 10: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Telophase

Two visible sets of chromosomes

Nuclear envelope reforms

Page 11: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Cytokinesis

Cell division: cytoplasm divides

Formation of new cell membrane

Cytokinesis vs. Interphase:Chromosomes still visible

Page 12: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Textbook Reference Materials

Chapter 4 second Edition

Title: The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Page 13: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Glossary

Chromatin: undifferentiated mass of thread-like DNA/protein in cell nucleus during interphase

Chromosomes: self-replicating structures in cells; contains DNA; visible during Prophase of mitosis

Page 14: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Glossary cont.

Sister chromatids: duplicated IDENTICAL chromosomes attached at centromere after SynthesisCentromere: condensed region of a chromosomeKinetochore: protein structure at centromere that acts as molecular “motor for chromatids

Page 15: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Glossary Cont.

Metaphase plate: imaginary equatorial line midway between cell poles

Page 16: The Cell Cycle A Review What is the Cell Cycle? The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell

Selected Web Sites

http://www.cellsalive.com/

cell cycle

mitosis

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/problems.html

test yourself