the challenge of pv technologies thomas berger wenzel fiala hannes list
TRANSCRIPT
THE CHALLENGE OF PV TECHNOLOGIES
Thomas BergerWenzel FialaHannes List
Physics of solar cells
Technologies of solar cells
Silicon solar cellMonocrystalline siliconPoly- or multicrystalline siliconRibbon silicon
Silicon thin-films amorphous siliconprotocrystalline silicon nanocrystalline silicon
Technologies of solar cells
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)Thin-film, easy to deposit, large scale
productionCopper-Indium Selenide (CuInSe2)Thin film, high optical absorption
coefficientsGallium Arsenide (GaAs) MultijunctionMultiple thin films, Triple-junction cell,
each conductor absorb light most efficiently at a certain colour, absorp nearly the entire solar spectrum
Technologies of solar cells
Single Crystal Solar Cellhigh-purity material, excellent efficiencies and
long-term stability, too expensive for mass production
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)manufactured by screen printing, lowest-cost
solar cell
Organic/Polymer Solar CellsLow efficiency, mechanical flexibility
Nanocrystalline Solar Cellshigh surface area to increase internal reflections
and hence increase the probability of light absorption
Current use of PV-Technologies
Low power applications/solar chargers
Solar parks/power plants
Water pumping
Space applications
And many, many more
Efficiency in current PV-Technologies
Currently efficiencies of solar cells – maximum 20 %
In research labs they reach already 35 % and more
Theoretical calculations of up to 80 % in the future
The future of PV-Technologies
Many research groups in universities and research institutions around the world are currently active in the field of photovoltaics. This research can be divided into three areas:
Making current technology solar cells cheaper and/or more efficient
Developing new technologiesDeveloping new materials
Photovoltaic in Austria
Photovoltaic in Austria
• Funded since the mid-1980s• First program in 1992 („200 kW-
photovoltaic-broadtest“)• Today Vorarlberg has more than 1/3 of
Austrians PV-Powerplants
Photovoltaic in Austria
Installed performance: Accumulated performance:
Photovoltaic in Austria
• Till the end of 2006, 25.5 MWp has been installed
• Of this amount, 88% were run by grid-connection, 12 % autarchically
• There is an estimated amount of approximately 20 GWh/year PV-power in Austria
Photovoltaic in Austria
• Costs: • 49 Cents for plants < 5kW• 42 Cents for plants between 5-10 kW• 32 Cents for plants > 10 kW
Photovoltaic in Austria
20% scenario in Austria till 2050
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