The Challenges of The Challenges of UrbanizationUrbanizationHousing, Sanitation, Housing, Sanitation,

Transportation, Water, Transportation, Water, Crime, FireCrime, Fire

Warm up:Warm up:• Set up paper for 2-column notesSet up paper for 2-column notes• Answer the warm up question on your Answer the warm up question on your

notesnotes

•Why would people move from the Why would people move from the country and working on farms to country and working on farms to the cities and working in the cities and working in factories?factories?

Content ObjectiveContent Objective•I will be able to analyze I will be able to analyze

photos and write a photos and write a description of urban life.description of urban life.

VocabularyVocabulary• Urbanization: movement of population Urbanization: movement of population

from rural (country) to cities (urban)from rural (country) to cities (urban)• Migration: movement inside a placeMigration: movement inside a place• Immigrant: A person who moves in to Immigrant: A person who moves in to

a placea place• Industrialization: process of going from Industrialization: process of going from

hand made to factory made productshand made to factory made products

Immigrant PopulationsImmigrant Populations• Rapid Rapid urbanizationurbanization

occurred in the late occurred in the late 1919thth century in the century in the Northeast and Midwest. Northeast and Midwest. ImmigrantsImmigrants settled in settled in citiescities because of the because of the available jobs and available jobs and affordable housing. By affordable housing. By 1910, 1910, immigrantsimmigrants made up more than half made up more than half the population of 18 the population of 18 major American citiesmajor American cities

Migration from Country Migration from Country to Cityto City

• Rapid improvements Rapid improvements in in farm technologyfarm technology (tractors, reapers, (tractors, reapers, steel plows) made steel plows) made farming more farming more efficient and efficient and requiredrequired less labor.less labor.

• Many rural people left Many rural people left for cities to find work for cities to find work – including almost a – including almost a quarter of a million quarter of a million African Americans.African Americans.

Discrimination and segregation were often the reality for African Americans

who migrated north

Urban ProblemsUrban Problems• Problems in American Problems in American

cities in the late 19cities in the late 19thth & & early 20early 20thth centuries centuries included:included:

• Housing:Housing: Overcrowded Overcrowded tenements were un-tenements were un-healthy places to live.healthy places to live.

• Sanitation:Sanitation: Garbage Garbage often was not collected often was not collected and polluted the air. and polluted the air.

Famous photographer Jacob Riis captured the struggle of living in

crowded tenements

• Transportation:Transportation: Cities Cities struggled to provide struggled to provide adequate transit systems.adequate transit systems.

• Water:Water: Without safe Without safe drinking water cholera drinking water cholera and typhoid fever were and typhoid fever were commoncommon

• Crime:Crime: As populations As populations increased thieves increased thieves flourished. flourished.

• Fire:Fire: Limited water, Limited water, wooden structures, and wooden structures, and the use of candles led to the use of candles led to many major urban fires.many major urban fires.

Harper’s Weekly image of Chicagoans fleeing the fire over the

Randolph Street bridge in 1871

Chicago 1871 Chicago 1871 and San and San

Francisco 1906 Francisco 1906 were two major were two major

fires.fires.

POSERS POSERS • PeoplePeople

• Who is in the picture?Who is in the picture?• ObjectsObjects

• What can you see in the picture?What can you see in the picture?• SettingSetting

• Where are they?Where are they?• EngagementEngagement

• What are they doing?What are they doing?• RelationshipRelationship

• How are the people related? How are they How are the people related? How are they connected?connected?

• SummarySummary• Summarize what is in the pictureSummarize what is in the picture

Photographer Jacob Riis Photographer Jacob Riis Captured Images of the CityCaptured Images of the City

POSERSPOSERS

• PP• OO• SS• EE• RR• SS

• Some children and a couple of adultsSome children and a couple of adults• Laundry, pail and tub, wooden cartLaundry, pail and tub, wooden cart• Outside of apartment buildingOutside of apartment building• Just standingJust standing• Could be familyCould be family• People appear not very clean and People appear not very clean and

buildings are very run down, look buildings are very run down, look poor.poor.

• PP• OO• SS• EE• RR• SS

• PP• OO• SS• EE• RR• SS

Exit ticketExit ticket

•Based on what you saw in Based on what you saw in the pictures, write a one the pictures, write a one paragraph analyses of life paragraph analyses of life for people in the early for people in the early industrial cities.industrial cities.