1ICT and governance

The changing boundaries of government: the impact of

technology on public governance

Prof.dr.ir. Marijn JanssenDelft University of TechnologyFaculty of Technology, Policy and ManagementThe Netherlands

10th CONTECSI 2013- International Conference on Informati on Systems and Technology Management, São Paulo - Brazi l

2ICT and governance

Businesses/citizens Public organizations

=orchestration

Legislation, regulation and policies

= compliance

Developments like Open & Big data, Clouds and social web change the relationship between the government and the public

3ICT and governance

Example: Reporting and boundaries

• No central ccommand and control

• Complexity on all levels (technical , semantcal and organizational)

• New rapporting language (XBRL)

• Piggy backing and upstreams controls

• Compliance by design and lean government

Government

KvK

Tax organization

Statistical agency

Banks Software

Companies(large, SMEs)

Financial Intermediaries

4ICT and governance

Open data – what is happening?

• Only a limited number of datasets are published (compliance?)

• Who will use it? and for what purposes?

• Publishing is the aimed at increasing the number of datasets,

instead of creating value

• The user is not known

5ICT and governance

Open data – use

• Opening is lowerig the threshold of use

• How will open data be used by the public??

• What is the use of open data and how can it benefit government?

• Who is liable for the outcomes? What if data proves to be

incorrect?

6ICT and governance

Open data - learning

• The government wants to use open data to improve her policies

and processes

• Shift from policy-making by ‘experts’ to policy-making by the

‘public’

7ICT and governance

Public

Government are struggling to get

grip on this

• More tasks are moving outside the public sector boundaries

• Call for transparent government

governments

8ICT and governance

Government are struggling to get

grip on this

• More tasks are outside but they want to regain control

governmentsPublic

$

9ICT and governance

What ties the government and public?

• No central control

• Horizontal relationships

• No green field

• Users are heterogeneous have different capabilities and needs

• Many changes over time

• Situational knowledge is required

platform-based governance

orchestration

infrastructure

10ICT and governance

Platforms – who controls?

• Platforms are focal points where various types of actors engagein a common environment

• People can create their own applications and can contribute with information about what is happening from multiple devices

Source picture: Elsa Estevez & M. Janssen (2013). Lean government and platform-based governance: Doing more with Less. Government Information Quarterly. Vol. 30. Supplement 1, pp. S1-S8,

11ICT and governance

Orchestration

• Governments focus on realizing and warranting certain values.

• Orchestration should ensure that the single parts act in a

consistent and coherent manner

• Orchestration contains the arrangement, monitoring, coordination

and management of complex networks

• Government do not control but facilitate

• Governments can connect people who want to take care of each

other, and doing so they can accomplish their tasks of ensuring social

security by taking care of disabled people

• Monitor and analyze discussions and evidence

• Governments make use of the collective knowledge

, www.policy-community.eu

Policy-making cycle

Problem definition

Agenda setting

Policy implemen

tation

Policy developm

ent

Policy enforcem

ent

Policy evaluation

Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis

Serious Gaming and simulation

crowdsourcing

Sensors everywhere

Open dashboards

13ICT and governance

Conclusions

• Driven by the financial crisis public spending is reduced and public

organizations are forced to look for smarter ways - to do more

with less

• Citizens and businesses are used as a mean to put pressure on

the public sector to improve and innovate. This is in sharp

contrast to the hiring of expensive consultants and business

people to improve governments from the inside

• Feedback mechanisms and participation are essential ingredients

• Politicians and policy-makers have to go where the people are

• New orchestration capability needs to be developed by

governments

• Deep knowledge of the situation is often required

14ICT and governance

Playing apart together