the charles’s gas law

7/29/2019 The Charless Gas Law

1/19

Charles Jacques

Born Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles

(November 12, 1746- April 7,1823)

Charles and the Robert Brothers launched the

Worlds first (unmanned) hydrogen filled

balloon in August of 1783


2/19

The Charless Gas Law

In 1787, a French scientist named Jacques

Charles, while investigating the inflation of his

balloon like so many of his fellow scientists,

discovered that the volume of a gas varieddirectly with temperature.

V/T=V1/T2 or Charless Gas Law

initial volume, 1=initial absolute temperature

final volume, 2=final absolute temperature


3/19

Practice problem for Charless

Law

The unknown volumes is at 32C. At 18C the

gas occupied a volume of 152mL . Solve for

the unknown volume of gas.

1st- Convert Celsius to Kelvin, by adding 273to the number of Celsius.

32C+273=305 Kelvin; 18C+273=291 Kelvin

2nd Our formula is V/T=V1/T1 152mL/291K =?/305K, we can then cross

multiply.


4/19

Practice Problem Part.2

150mL x 305K = 291K x ?

Then 152mL x 305 K/ 291K which equals

159.3127mL

That being the unknown volume.


5/19

Video Explanation

http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/

kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/charles-law/


6/19

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

Born December 6, 1778- May 9, 1850

Gay Lussac used the new technology of

ballooning to measure the composition of

gases in the atmosphere at different altitudes.He found that the composition of gases did not

change with altitude.

Lussac, Davy, Thernard isolated Boron for thefirst time in 1808


7/19

Gay-Lussacs Gas Law

Gay-Lussacs Gas Law is as follows

P/T=P1/T2

Initial Pressure/ Initial absolute Temperature=

Final Pressure/ Final absolute Pressure.


8/19

Example Problem of Gay-

Lussac

A 20mL cylinder containing 6atm of gas at

27C. What would the pressure of the gas be if

the gas was heated to 77C.

First we must turn the Centigrade to Kelvinand in order to do that, must add 273K to the

27 and 77 centigrade to convert them to

Kelvin.

27C+273K= 300 Kelvin and

77C+273K=350Kelvin


9/19

Example Problem of Gay-

Lussac Part 2

We are trying to find the final pressure so we

will use the new converted temperatures and

set up the problem.

P2= P1T2/T1

P2=(6atm)x(350K)/(300K)

P2=7atm

The pressure will increase to 7atm afterheating the gas from 27C to 77C.


10/19

Video Explanation for Lussac


kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/gay-lussacs-law/


11/19

John dalton

John Dalton (september 5, 1766 july 27,

1844) was a British chemist and physicist. he

was born in England. John came from a Quaker

family.


12/19

Dalton's law of partial pressures

Total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to

the sum of the partial pressures of the

individual gases in the mixture

The formula for this would be P V = n R T


13/19

Dalton's law application

Air,, is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. In a given sample of air,the total number of moles is can be approximated as

n = nnitrogen+ noxygenThis expression forncan be substituted into the ideal gas law to yield

P V = ( nnitrogen+ noxygen) R TVis the same for both nitrogen and oxygen. Similarly, both compounds

experience the same temperature. One can therefore split this expressionof the ideal gas law into two terms, one for nitrogen and one for oxygen.

P = nnitrogenR T/V + noxygenR T/VP = Pnitrogen+ PoxygenThe above equation is called Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure, and itstates that the pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partialpressures of the individual components of the gas mixture. Pnitrogen is the

partial pressure of the nitrogen and Poxygen is the partial pressure of oxygen. Pnitrogen= nnitrogenR T/V

Poxygen= noxygenR T/V


14/19

Calculation

The pressure of a mixture of nitrogen, carbon

dioxide, and oxygen is 150 kPa. What is the

partial pressure of oxygen if the partial

pressures of the nitrogen and carbon dioxideare 100 kPA and 24 kPa, respectively?P =

Pnitrogen + Pcarbon dioxide + Poxygen

150 kPa = 100 kPa + 24 kPa + Poxygen

Poxygen = 150 kPa - 100 kPa - 24 kPa

Poxygen = 26 kPa


15/19

Video to showing how it works


kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/daltons-law/


16/19

Sited works

http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistr

yproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-

pressures.htm

http://easycalculation.com/chemistry/learn-ideal-gas.php
http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/daltons-law-of-partial-pressures.htm


17/19

Ideal gas law

The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal

gas.

Ideal Gas Law Formula :

General Gas Equation: PV = nRT

1. Pressure(P) = nRT / V

2. Volume(V) = nRT / P

3. Temperature(T) = PV / nR

4. Moles of Gas(n) = PV / RT

5. where,

6. P = pressure,

7. V = volume,

8. n = moles of gas,

9. T = temperature,


18/19

Sample Problem

Step 1Find PTotal

Standard pressure is 1 atm

Step 2Find nTotal

nTotal = noxygen + nnitrogen

nTotal = 0.1 mol + 0.4 mol

nTotal = 0.5 mol

Step 3

Solve for Pnitrogen

Pnitrogen = PTotal ( nnitrogen / nTotal )Pnitrogen = 1 atm ( 0.4 mol /

0.5 mol )Pnitrogen = 0.8 atm

Answer


19/19

Video

http://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-

and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-

relationships-tutorial
http://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorialhttp://www.sophia.org/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships/ideal-gas-law-variables-and-relationships-tutorial

the charles’s gas law

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