the chemical basis of life. emergent properties – hydrogen and oxygen individually versus h 2 o

28
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

Upload: daisy-powell

Post on 11-Jan-2016

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

Page 2: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• EMERGENT PROPERTIES– HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS

H2O

Page 3: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• LIFE IS MADE UP OF 25 ELEMENTS– WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?– 92 NATURALLY OCCURING ELEMENTS• 25 ARE NECESSARY FOR LIFE

• WHAT ARE THE MAJOR ELEMENTS?• WHAT ARE THE TRACE ELEMENTS?

Page 4: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• TRACE DOESN’T MEAN USELESS!!!• SAY HI TO A“GOITER”

Page 5: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ELEMENTS CAN COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS

• HOW AND WHY DOES THIS OCCUR??

Page 6: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ELEMENTS CAN COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS– WHAT IS AN ATOM?• SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

– PROTONS– NEUTRONS– ELECTRONS

– WHAT DOES AN ATOM LOOK LIKE?

Page 7: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

Page 8: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• WHAT GIVES DIFFERENT ELEMENTS THEIR DIFFERENT PROPERTIES?– ATOMIC NUMBER– ATOMIC MASS

• WHAT ARE ISOTOPES?

Page 9: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES CAN BE USEFUL IN RESEARCH AND MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS

Page 10: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ATOM– ELECTRON SHELLS

Page 11: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ATOM– VALENCE SHELLS

Page 12: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS DETERMINES THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ATOMS– WHAT IS A CHEMICAL BOND?– WHY DO THEY OCCUR?

Page 13: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• CHEMICAL BONDS– TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS?– VIDEOS

Page 14: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• IONIC BONDS VS IONS VS IONIC COMPOUNDS

Page 15: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• COVALENT BONDS

Page 16: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• COVALENT BOND

Page 17: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• COVALENT BONDS FORM MOLECULES– WHAT IS A MOLECULE?

• COVALENT BONDS ALLOW MULTIPLE ELECTRONS TO BE SHARED AT THE SAME TIME RESULTING IN??– DOUBLE BONDS– TRIPLE BONDS

Page 18: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• DOUBLE BONDS

Page 19: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• TRIPLE BONDS

Page 20: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF BOND??

Page 21: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• COVALENT BONDING DOESN’T NECESSARILY MEAN EQUAL SHARING!!!– POLAR VS NON-POLAR MOLECULES– ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Page 22: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• WATER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT POLAR MOLECULE– VIDEO

Page 23: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• WATER’S POLARITY LEADS TO HYDROGEN BONDING

Page 24: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• WATER’S POLARITY AND HYDROGEN BONDING GIVE WATER SOME UNIQUE PROPERTIES– COHESION– ADHESION– SURFACE TENSION– HEAT CAPACITY– DENSITY DILEMMA?– UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

Page 25: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ACIDS AND BASES– PH SCALE– BUFFERS

Page 26: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• ACIDS VS BASES

Page 27: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• CHEMICAL REACTIONS REARRANGE MATTER– H2 + O2 H2O (REACTANT VS PRODUCT??)

– C40H56 + O2 + 4H 2C20H30O (SUBSCRIPT VS COEFFICIENT??)

Page 28: THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. EMERGENT PROPERTIES – HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS H 2 O

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

• MORE TO COME!!! TUNE IN NEXT WEEK, SAME BAT TIME, SAME BAT CHANNEL!!