the chemical basis of life. emergent properties – hydrogen and oxygen individually versus h 2 o
TRANSCRIPT
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• EMERGENT PROPERTIES– HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INDIVIDUALLY VERSUS
H2O
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• LIFE IS MADE UP OF 25 ELEMENTS– WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?– 92 NATURALLY OCCURING ELEMENTS• 25 ARE NECESSARY FOR LIFE
• WHAT ARE THE MAJOR ELEMENTS?• WHAT ARE THE TRACE ELEMENTS?
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• TRACE DOESN’T MEAN USELESS!!!• SAY HI TO A“GOITER”
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ELEMENTS CAN COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS
• HOW AND WHY DOES THIS OCCUR??
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ELEMENTS CAN COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS– WHAT IS AN ATOM?• SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
– PROTONS– NEUTRONS– ELECTRONS
– WHAT DOES AN ATOM LOOK LIKE?
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• WHAT GIVES DIFFERENT ELEMENTS THEIR DIFFERENT PROPERTIES?– ATOMIC NUMBER– ATOMIC MASS
• WHAT ARE ISOTOPES?
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES CAN BE USEFUL IN RESEARCH AND MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ATOM– ELECTRON SHELLS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ATOM– VALENCE SHELLS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS DETERMINES THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ATOMS– WHAT IS A CHEMICAL BOND?– WHY DO THEY OCCUR?
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• CHEMICAL BONDS– TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS?– VIDEOS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• IONIC BONDS VS IONS VS IONIC COMPOUNDS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• COVALENT BONDS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• COVALENT BOND
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• COVALENT BONDS FORM MOLECULES– WHAT IS A MOLECULE?
• COVALENT BONDS ALLOW MULTIPLE ELECTRONS TO BE SHARED AT THE SAME TIME RESULTING IN??– DOUBLE BONDS– TRIPLE BONDS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• DOUBLE BONDS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• TRIPLE BONDS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF BOND??
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• COVALENT BONDING DOESN’T NECESSARILY MEAN EQUAL SHARING!!!– POLAR VS NON-POLAR MOLECULES– ELECTRONEGATIVITY
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• WATER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT POLAR MOLECULE– VIDEO
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• WATER’S POLARITY LEADS TO HYDROGEN BONDING
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• WATER’S POLARITY AND HYDROGEN BONDING GIVE WATER SOME UNIQUE PROPERTIES– COHESION– ADHESION– SURFACE TENSION– HEAT CAPACITY– DENSITY DILEMMA?– UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ACIDS AND BASES– PH SCALE– BUFFERS
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• ACIDS VS BASES
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS REARRANGE MATTER– H2 + O2 H2O (REACTANT VS PRODUCT??)
– C40H56 + O2 + 4H 2C20H30O (SUBSCRIPT VS COEFFICIENT??)
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
• MORE TO COME!!! TUNE IN NEXT WEEK, SAME BAT TIME, SAME BAT CHANNEL!!