the chemistry of life chapter 6 basics of chemistry the cell is a complex chemical factory. the cell...
TRANSCRIPT
The Chemistry of LifeThe Chemistry of Life
Chapter 6Chapter 6
Basics of ChemistryBasics of Chemistry•The cell is a The cell is a complex chemicalcomplex chemical
factoryfactory..
• It is made of It is made of atomsatoms, , elementselements, , compoundscompounds, and , and moleculesmolecules..
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Answer questions 1-2 on page Answer questions 1-2 on page 85 in UPCO.85 in UPCO.
The AtomThe Atom• Living and non-living things are made Living and non-living things are made
up of atoms.up of atoms.• The center core of the atom is the The center core of the atom is the
nucleusnucleus..• The nucleus is made up of particles The nucleus is made up of particles
called called protonsprotons (+ charge), and (+ charge), and neutronsneutrons (neutral charge). (neutral charge).
• ElectronsElectrons (- charged) revolve around (- charged) revolve around the nucleus.the nucleus.
• Electrons move in different levels called Electrons move in different levels called shellsshells, or , or orbitsorbits..
• # electrons = # protons# electrons = # protons..
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Answer questions 1-4 on pages Answer questions 1-4 on pages 85, 86 in UPCO.85, 86 in UPCO.
ElementsElements• An element is a substance An element is a substance
made up of only made up of only oneone kindkind ofof atomatom..
• There are over 110 elements There are over 110 elements (92 occur naturally- the others (92 occur naturally- the others are man made).are man made).
• Elements Elements can’tcan’t be broken be broken downdown..
• Each element is represented by Each element is represented by a a symbolsymbol (one/ or two letters). (one/ or two letters).
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Answer questions 1-5 on page 86 in UPCO.
CompoundsCompounds• Compounds are formed when Compounds are formed when
two or more elements aretwo or more elements are chemically combinedchemically combined. .
• Elements combine to form Elements combine to form compounds by a process called compounds by a process called chemical bondingchemical bonding..
• Bonds occur by the Bonds occur by the sharing sharing (covalent)(covalent) or or transferringtransferring (ionic)(ionic) of electrons between of electrons between atoms.atoms.
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Answer questions 1-3 on page Answer questions 1-3 on page 87 in UPCO.87 in UPCO.
MoleculesMolecules• It is the It is the smallestsmallest partpart of an of an
element or compound.element or compound.• It is capable of It is capable of independentindependent
motionmotion..• It is made up of definite It is made up of definite
numbers and kinds of atoms numbers and kinds of atoms bondedbonded together. together.
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Answer questions 1+2 Answer questions 1+2 on page 88 in UPCO.on page 88 in UPCO.
IonsIons• An ion is an atom that has An ion is an atom that has
lostlost or or gainedgained electronselectrons..• The atom has become The atom has become
electronicallyelectronically chargedcharged..• Chemical bonds formed by Chemical bonds formed by
losing or gaining electrons losing or gaining electrons are called are called ionicionic bondsbonds..
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Answer questions 1+2 in Answer questions 1+2 in the middle of page 88 in the middle of page 88 in UPCO.UPCO.
Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds
• These bonds are formed These bonds are formed when electrons are when electrons are sharedshared..
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Answer question #1 at the Answer question #1 at the top of page 89 in UPCO.top of page 89 in UPCO.
Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas
• A chemical formula A chemical formula represents the represents the chemicalchemical makeupmakeup of a compound. of a compound.
• It shows the It shows the kindskinds, , numbersnumbers, , and and arrangementsarrangements of of atomsatoms (structural formula).(structural formula).
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EquationsEquations• Equations are used to describe Equations are used to describe
chemicalchemical reactionsreactions..• The substances that The substances that startstart the the
reaction are called the reaction are called the reactantsreactants (left side of equation).(left side of equation).
• The substances made by the The substances made by the reaction are called the reaction are called the productsproducts (right side of the equation).(right side of the equation).
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• Answer questions 1-5 on Answer questions 1-5 on page 90 in UPCO.page 90 in UPCO.
Organic and Inorganic Organic and Inorganic CompoundsCompounds
• InorganicInorganic compounds do compounds do notnot contain contain hydrogenhydrogen and and carboncarbon..
• OrganicOrganic compounds compounds dodo contain both contain both carboncarbon and and hydrogenhydrogen..
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Answer questions 1-3 on the Answer questions 1-3 on the bottom of page 90 in UPCO.bottom of page 90 in UPCO.
Let’s go to the Video!Let’s go to the Video!
Video: One More Time!Video: One More Time!
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