The Chemistry of Life REVIEW

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are

known as �• isotopes

Strong forces bind protons and

neutrons together to form

the �• nucleus

Van der Waals forces are (stronger

or weaker) than chemical bonds.

•Weaker

What kind of bonding does the diagram

depict?

• Ionic bonding

There are ____ electrons being shared between the Carbon

atoms. This is referred to as a ____ covalent bond.

• Six, triple

A ______ is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or

more elements in definite proportions.

compound

The atomic structure of a

water molecule is useful in

demonstrating what kinds of

bonds? • Covalent bonds

How many neutrons does the diagram of

this atom show?• four

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OH¯ is a(n) ____ as signified by the

negative charge.

• ion or anion

A molecule in which the charges are unevenly

distributed is called a(n) _______ molecule.polar

What kind of electron is in

the last shell or energy level of

an atom?

• valence

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In a water molecule, the ______ end is

slightly positive while

the ______ end is slightly

negative.

hydrogen, oxygen

Because the number of positive ions is equal to the number of

negative hydroxide ions produced, water is _______.neutral

Water droplets on pine needles are good demonstration of _________ in that they are

different substances.

adhesion

Salt and Water make a solution as Dirt and

Water make a _______.suspension

As demonstrated by the picture, oil is known to be _________ in that it repels,

or hates, water.

Hydrophobic

Study the two beakers of solution.

Beaker B has (more, less or the same) amount of

solute and has (more, less or the same) amount of solvent than the

beaker A. same, more

A B

What property of water enables

this large tarantula to stay on the

surface?• cohesion

What does pH measure?

(hint: think about what pH is an abbreviation

for)the concentration of H+ ions in solution.

A(n) ______ is a compound that produces hydroxide

ions (OH¯) in solution while a(n) _______ forms H+ ions

in solution.

base, acid

The particles in a (solution or suspension) can be filtered out while the

particles in a (solution or suspension) can not.

suspension, solution

Vinegar is to a(n) (acid or base) as ammonia is to a(n) (acid or base).

Acid, base.Acetic acid is the main component in vinegar.

The strong acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be

dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of the solution be greater or less than 7.0

and why?Less than 7.0 because water is already neutral and it will now be a weak acid.

Organic chemistry is the study of

all compounds that contain

bonds between

______ atoms.carbon

Structural support provided by what macromolecule

includes membranes, hair and nails?

proteins

Macromolecules are formed by a process known as

__________.polymerization

What compounds consist of carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio?

• Carbohydrates

Amino Acids are bonded together by ________ bonds.peptide

aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6

Amino Acids (aa)

What macromolecule does the diagram

depict?

starch or carbohydrate

Galactose, fructose and glucose are all examples of ________ in that they are

single sugar molecules.monosaccharides

Galactose is a component of milk!

What is the polymer of the following

monomer?

Nucleic Acid

What is the metabolic process by which the ‘breaking down’ of complex molecules

occurs?Catabolism

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Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in ______ that provides strength.

plants

glucoseglucose

glucoseglucose

glucoseglucose

glucoseglucose

cellulose

Lipid A is a _____ fatty acid because it does not have double bonds.

• saturated

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A

B

What kind of macromolecule is

chitin?

carbohydrate

Which macromolecule

‘stores the most energy’?

lipids

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing

oxygen-transport metalloprotein in

the red blood cells of vertebrates. What

kind of protein structure does it

demonstrate?• Quarternary or 4°

Lipids such as olive oil, which

contains ________ fatty

acids, tend to be liquid at room temperature.

unsaturated

Carboydrates:Starch is to Polymer as ______ is to Monomer.Glucose

Examples of foods containing a high proportion of __________

_________ include cream, cheese, butter, and ghee; suet,

tallow, and lard.Saturated fat

Did you know??? People make sculptures made of butter.. Check it out!

The following monomer is referred

to as -An amino acid

In the amino acid diagram, the red circle is the _____ group while the

blue circle is the ______ group.

amino,

carboxyl

In protein structure, what two levels are missing below in order following the

Primary structure?

Secondary and tertiary

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________?_____

_______?_____

When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is

released from your liver. It is referred to as an animal starch.

This would make it a __________ in that it is made of many sugar

units.

polysaccharide

Proteins: The bottom secondary structure is an alpha helix while the top

structure is a _______ _______ _______.Beta pleated sheet

What monomers make up a nucleic acid?

nucleotides

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__________ = MonomerProtein = Polymer

Complete the analogy.

Amino Acid

The elements or compounds that enter

into a chemical reaction are known as -

reactants

H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O

Products

Reactants

?

Lipid molecules are made of ______ ______ and ______.

• Fatty acids and glycerol

In the following reaction, is energy being absorbed or

released?

absorbed

Endothermic reaction= absorbs energyExothermic reaction: releases energy

Exothermic

What kind of reaction would you classify this as?

A catalyst changes the rate at which a reaction occurs by

increasing it. Therefore, does the catalyst (decrease or increase) the

reaction’s activation energy?

Decrease

A is the _____ while B is the _____.

A is the substrate B is the enzyme

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A

B

The substrate attaches to the enzyme at the ______ site.active

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What three factors can change the productivity, or

how well it works, of an enzyme?• pH, temperature, and salinity

The following protein has been ________ in that it has unwound or the

coils have come undone.

denatured

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TIE-BREAKER

What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to

fructose and glucose.

Sucrase