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The chemists tools. Elements and the periodic table. Elements. Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 120 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium. Symbols of Elements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The chemists tools
Elements and the periodic table
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter120 elements known today
Examples: carbongoldcalcium
Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalise the first letter only
Examples:C carbon Co cobaltN nitrogen Ca calciumF fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium
Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin nameCopper Cu cuprumGold Au aurumLead Pb plumbumMercury Hg hydrargyrumPotassium K kaliumSilver Ag argentumSodium Na natriumTin Sn stannum
% Major Elements in the BodyO 65.0 % K 0.34C 18.0 S 0.26H 10.0 Na 0.14N 3.0 Cl 0.14Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50Trace ElementsAs, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
Learning Check
Select the correct symbol for each:A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur 1) S
C. Iron3) Fe
Learning Check
Select the correct name for each:A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P
1) potassium 2) phlogiston 3) phosphorus
C. Ag1) silver 2) aegean 3) gold
Solution
Select the correct name for each:A. N
2) nitrogen B. P
3) phosphorusC. Ag
1) silver
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor
Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
Groups on the Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases
Location of Some Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Al mk ea tl ai l s
Alkaline
Halogens
I Gn ae sr et s
Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition
elements
Periods on the Periodic Table
123456
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
Solution
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
Solution
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 32) magnesium
C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA2) N, P, As
Metals and NonmetalsMetals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricityNonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators
Metals and Nonmetals
NONMETALS
METALS
METALS
Transition metals
Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:A. sulphur ____B. chlorine ____C. sodium ____D. iron ____E. carbon ____F. silver ____
Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:A. sulphur 2B. chlorine 2C. sodium 1D. iron 1E. carbon 2F. silver 1
Learning Check
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Non-metals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
Solution
A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A2) N, P, As