The Christian Crusades1095-1291

Group 2, 3rd Period

Our Unit Question…

What were the purposes and effects of the Crusades?

Why did the Crusades begin?

Christians wanted to visit Jerusalem.

The Muslims allowed Christians to visit until the Seljuk Turks took control of the city.

The Crusades were also a defense against the Mohammedans who were trying to take settlements in Syria.

There was a meeting in Clermont France to decide what to do.

http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/crusades.stm

Pope Urban II spoke at Clermont and urged Christians to take back the Holy Land from the infidels.

The First Crusade

This was the most successful Crusade.

It was bloody. The Crusaders cut off the heads of their enemies.

Women and children were not spared.

They tortured the enemy.

Jews gathered in their synagogue for safety; the Crusaders burned them alive inside the building.

Crusaders destroyed the tomb of Abraham.

This was not the end of the fighting.

Jerusalem is Taken

The Jerusalem Cross was worn by Godfrey de Bouillon, the first ruler of Jerusalem after it was taken from the Moslems. The five crosses are for the five wounds of the crucified Jesus.

http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/crusades.stm

The Other 6 Crusades

These Crusades were not successful for the Christians.

The Crusades ended in 1291. They lasted almost 200 years.

The Sack of Constantinople http://crusades.boisestate.edu/2nd/

Religious Knights

To fight the crusades, the Christians needed warriors, and the religious knights (the Knights Templar, the Teutonic knights and the Hospitallers) were created.

The members of the Religious knights were both monks and knights; they took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience that all monks took, but they added a fourth vow-- to protect pilgrims and fight the infidels.

Knights Templar

They are the most well known of the religious knights.

They had great wealth and became very powerful.

When they would not loan money to King Phillip IV of France, he had many of them tortured and killed.

The Pope ordered them to disband. They became a secret organization.

What were the effects of the Crusades?

The Crusades and the Catholic Church

The Crusades made the Pope rich and very powerful.

The Pope was now seen as an authority and a leader in more than just church.

Popes could now interfere with wars between Christian princes.

The Crusades and Commerce

The Crusades created a demand for ships to transport men and goods.

Trade brought new ideas and new things to Europe, especially from Africa.

The silks, tapestries, precious stones, perfumes, spices, pearls, and ivory that came from the east were very popular.

The Crusades and Feudalism

The Crusades made kings more powerful and feudal lords less powerful.

Cities grew and became more powerful.

The feudal system came to an end.

Christians and Muslims

The Crusades did not stop the spread of Islam.

They caused very bad feelings between the Muslims and Christians that they did not have before the Crusades.

What is the legacy of the Crusades?

Christopher Columbus explored in part to find a new route to Jerusalem.

The word “crusade” has come to mean any fight for a cause.

Some crusaders stayed and married; there is mixing of races because of the Crusades.

The idea of a “just war” began with the Crusades.

Works Cited

Bréhier, Louis. "Crusades." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1998. 9 Jun. 2008 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm>.

Snell, Melissa. “Dark Legacy.” About.Com. 9 Jun. 2008<http://historymedren.about.com/od/firstcrusade/a/darklegacy.htm> "The Christian Crusades." The Bible: The Book that Bridges the

Millennia. 2008. United Methodist Women. 9 Jun 2008 < http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/crusades.stm. >

Knox, E. L. Skip. "The Crusades." History of the Crusades. 2008. Bosie State university. 9 Jun 2008 <http://crusades.boisestate.edu>.

All images, unless otherwise noted, are from Microsoft Clip Art.