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The Citizen Society and the State in China

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IV. Citizens, Society, and the State..15% A. Cleavages and politics (ethic, racial, class, gender, religious, regional) B. Civil society and social capital C. Media roles D. Political participation (forms/modes/trends) including political violence E. Social movements F. Citizenship and representation

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Political Participation and civil society.. Which are NOT the same thing Figure 1 The Nonprofit, Philanthropic Sector in China (the size of the circles is meant to suggest the relative size of each group) The nonprofit sector in theory refers to legal social institutions (shehui zuzhi ) registered with the Civil Affairs bureaucracy. There are three categories of these social institutions: 1. Social Organizations (SOs, shehui tuanti, ), which are similar to membership associations in the U.S.; 2. Civil Non-Enterprise Institutions (CNIs, minban feiqiye danwei, ), which are similar to service providers such as schools for migrant children or the handicapped; 3. Foundations (jijinhui, ).

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vehicles to gain support for policies and to mobilize the masses for implementing policies. The enormous membership and widespread extension of the networks from these mass organizations assure participation in political action by millions Mass organizations: State controlled interest groups The 3 largest are the All-China federation of Trade Unions, the CYL and the All-China Women's Federation All-China Women's Federation Established in March 1949, it is an organization of women who are a major force in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. It works hard to unite and educate women, implement the basic lines of the CPC and play an active role in the building of socialist material and spiritual civilizations. The basic functions of the federation are to represent and safeguard the rights and interests of women and promote the equality between men and women.

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How did the policy work? methods employed to enforce Chinas one-child policy vary by province. Usually, couples are fined an exorbitant amount that puts a second child out of financial reach. Couples who bear a child without paying the fines are unable to register their children. These children are regarded as non-persons by the state and cannot access most public services, including education, healthcare, and even employment. In addition to that, the woman or the couple may face job loss, loss of business licenses, loss of driving licenses, expulsion from the Communist Party, refusal of loans, and denial of passports Chinas One Child Policy

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Sex ratio at birth in mainland China, males per 100 females, 19802010.

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China faces growing sex imbalance More than 24 million Chinese men of marrying age could find themselves without spouses by 2020, says the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. BBC Jan 11, 2010 The gender imbalance among newborns is the most serious demographic problem for the country's population of 1.3 billion, says the academy. It cites sex-specific abortions as a major factor, due to China's traditional bias towards male children. The academy says gender selection abortions are "extremely common". This is especially true in rural areas, and ultra-sound scans, first introduced in the late 1980s, have increased the practice

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Meet China's 'Little Emperors': The Pessimistic Generation That Could Derail the Economy By Michelle FlorCruz @mflorcruz m.florcruz@ibtimes.com on January 14 2013 12:52 PM ESTMichelle FlorCruz @mflorcruz m.florcruz@ibtimes.com China's three-decade-old population-control system in urban areas, the so called One Child policy, has created a new population of Chinese that some experts are saying puts the nation's economy at risk. But who are the people who could jeopardize China's future? According to a new study, they are "Little Emperors": single children, usually men, who grow up to be "significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse" than people born before the policy took effect. The new study from Australias Monash University and the Australian National University, based on the research of Nisvan Erkal, is called "Little Emperors: Behavioral Impacts of China's One-Child Policy."

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTKWGeVQlzU China's "Precious Snowflakes"

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28 December 2013 Last updated at 03:46 ET China formally eases one-child policy The one-child policy has been strictly enforced, but has become unpopular China's top legislature has formally adopted a resolution easing the country's one-child policy, the state news agency Xinhua reports. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a resolution allowing couples to have two children if either parent is an only child. A proposal to abolish re-education through labour camps was also approved. The changes in policy were announced following a meeting of top Communist Party officials in November. The reforms, which came at the end of a six-day meeting of the congress, have already been tested in parts of the country.

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Two kids? Thanks but no say some Chinese By Katie Hunt, CNNKatie Hunt Updated 3:34 AM ET, Tue January 13, 2015 Hong Kong (CNN)A year ago, China relaxed its controversial one-child policy, allowing couples to have a second baby if the mother or father was an only child themselves...... The financial burden of another child is often cited as a main reason for not taking advantage of the policy changeA year ago

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How does China Control Civil Society

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Wary of Egypt Unrest, China Censors Web What were the tactics: Use official news agency to reshape the story so the news is only about getting Chinese out of the chaos, or editorials about how chaos shows what happens when you plant democracy when not ready or cast as anti-government rioters block key word searches for Egypt

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Control of the media

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After the July 2009 rmqi riots, China shut down most of the domestic microblogging services including the first weibo service Fanfou. Many popular non China-based microblogging services like Twitter, Facebook, and Plurk have been blocked from viewing since then. It was considered to be an opportunity to Sina's CEO Charles Chao. [9][10] SINA Corporation launched the tested version of Sina Weibo on 14 August 2009. Basic functions including message, private message, comment and re-post were made possible in September 2009. A Sina Weibo-compatible API platform for developing third- party applications was launched on 28 July 2010. [1]July 2009 rmqi riotsPlurkblockedCharles Chao [9][10]API [1] Weibo: China tries but can it control its netizens?

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