The Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement

When did it really begin?

The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 began a long journey for the African-American population and the United States.

De jure segregation – imposed by lawDe facto segregation – unwritten custom or

tradition

Major Events of the Civil Rights Movement

Emancipation Proclamation – 1863

13th, 14th & 15th Amendments

Plessy v. Ferguson – 1896

Brown v. Board of Education – 1954

Jim Crow Laws

Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a bus in Mont., AL – 1955

Executive Order #10730 – Little Rock, Arkansas – 1957

Freedom Rides - 1961

March on Washington – 1963

Mississippi Burning – 1964

Civil Rights Act – 1964

Voting Rights Act - 1965

SSUSH22a -Explain the importance of President Truman's order to integrate the U.S. military & the federal government.

President Truman

Executive Order – 1948

Ordered the desegregation of the military.

US Armed Forces will be come one of the most integrated institutions in the USA.

SSUSH22b - Identify Jackie Robinson and the integration of baseball.

1947

Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers.

1st African American to play major league baseball.

Faced death threats and bullying.

SSUSH22c - Explain Brown v. Board of Education and efforts to resist the decision.

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

NAACP Fought for equality for

AA through court system

Thurgood Marshall Headed legal team

Back ground to case…

Challenging “Separate but Equal” doctrine

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision outlawed racial segregation in public schools. Is separate but equal constitutional? NO

“Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race…deprive the children of the minority group equal education opportunities? We believe that it does.” Chief Justice Earl Warren

Thurgood Marshall will become a Supreme Court Justice in Washington!

Brown reactions….

Hernandez v. Texas Mexican Americans cannot be excluded from trial juries.

KKK staged revival

Brown II Implement our decision throughout the USA with speed!

Little Rock 9– Central High School (p. 921) Eisenhower used national guard (Gov. Faubus refused to

uphold Brown ruling – Federalism, hello?!?) to escort them to school as a crowd screamed “lynch her!”

SSUSH22dMajor Players in the CRM: Martin Luther King, JR.

Organized the Montgomery bus boycotts during Rosa Park’s struggle in the 1950s.

As a clergyman, he used his vision of nonviolent confrontations (followed Mohandas Gandhi).

He started the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, known as the SCLC.

SSUSH22d - Describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Letter from a Birmingham Jail & I have a

dream speech.

Birmingham – most segregated city in the South.

Marches & Sit-insKing participated and

was arrested, wrote a letter from jail.

“For years now I have heard the word, “wait!” It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This “Wait!” has almost always meant “Never”.

Pg.929

SSUSH22d - Describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Letter from a Birmingham Jail & I have a dream speech.

Aug. 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, JR. delivers his “I Have a Dream Speech,” before 250,000 people at the March on Washington, the largest civil rights demonstration ever!

Let’s listen…

Excerpts from “I Have a Dream,” MLK, Jr.

Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965

In honor of the late JFK, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the CRA into law.

The act prohibits discrimination in public places, provides for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and makes employment discrimination illegal.

This act outlaws the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many Southern states after the Civil War.

It made literacy tests illegal as a prerequisite for voting.

It also provides for federally supervised elections.

SSUSH22e - Describe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 & the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Other important people, places, & events in the Civil Rights

Movement

New Voices, Malcolm X

Preached violence as a means of expression, he later (after a haaj) devoted himself to peace.

Gave voice to the Black Power Movement, urging blacks to reject white culture in favor of their own heritage.

Feb. 21, 1965, black gunmen assassinate former Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem.

The Black Panther activists also staged antiwar protests and stood for the black cause.

Even at the college level…

James Meredith made headlines when he tried to enroll in the all-white University of Mississippi.

June 11, 1963 Alabama Gov. George Wallace stands “in the schoolhouse door” at the Univ. of AL. His gesture fulfills a campaign promise to keep black students from enrolling there.

Loss of THE Leader

King made another speech in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 3, 1968.

This is were he said, “We’ve got some difficult days ahead, but it really doesn’t matter to me now, because I’ve been to the mountaintop.”

The next evening, on April 4th, 1968, he was gunned down by James Earl Ray, as he stood on the balcony of his Memphis motel.

The country engaged in a week of looting, rioting, and burning as a result of King’s death.

Too many to name them all…

SNCCSCLCMontgomery Bus

BoycottSit-insFreedom RidesSelma 24th amendment Black Panthers

Rosa ParksMedgar EversEmmett TillPresident EisenhowerPresident Kennedy President Johnson