The Civil War 1918-

1920Kimberly Seet

Kong Jin YuJulia Wong

Hursh Gupta

The Whites•The White army was created after the treaty of Brest-Litvosk was signed.• It was made up of mostly monarchists and militarist, some landowners and factory owners, also devout members of the Russia Orthodox Church.• The colour of white was the symbolise opposition to the Bolsheviks.• their ideology was anti-bolsheviks and separatists and to re-establish monarchy.• They whites were led by Mannerheim and were helped by the Germans. • It was also the Allies, mainly Britain, France, Japan, and the United States who all lent support to the Whites.• But they failed to enlist mass support for their cause. They were also very spread out.

The Reds• They were the Bolsheviks/Communist Party’s own military group. • The members were mainly armed factory workers who were under the influence of the Bolsheviks.• They controlled the Central Area of Russia but by the end of 1919, they started gaining more power and authority.• Estimated 7,000 Red Guards by the end of 1919.• They were united and under the leadership of Trotsky and Lenin• Trotsky was war leader who effectively used 5,000 old Tsarist officers to lead the troops.• Lenin was the overall leader, who used war communism meaning food was taken by peasants and given to the soldiers.• The Reds have many access to the ammunition and rifles from the stores of the old Tsarist army’s.• The Reds controlled the factories to keep up production.

The Civil War 1918-1920• It brought together all the problems from that time period.• The Social Revolutionaries tried to seize control of the Moscow Soviet. Minorities wanted independence.• Anti-Bolsheviks were asked to stand against Lenin. There was a growing opposition. Open challenges were common.• The Social Revolutionaries and Cadets accused the Bolsheviks of seizing power by force and demanded a re-calling of the Constituent Assembly.• The desperate economic state and hunger led to an even greater rebel to the Bolsheviks. The conditions were even worse then the Treaty of Brest-Litvok.

Why the Red’s won the war• The Whites were not united and were many miles apart

so Trotsky was able to use this to his advantage. He broke them down one by one so they were weaker.• Trotsky was an amazing leader and strategist so the Red army had good tactics. • Trotsky also decided to use 5,000 old Tsarist officers.• The Reds were fervent and enthusiastic because they hated the foreign armies in invading Russia.• They Reds got the supplies they needed from the peasants which allowed them to keep up to their energy.• The reds caused fear and terror by murdering any White’s found. More than 70,000 were killed.• The Red Army generals were kept loyal by by taking their families hostage.