the civil war “a nation divided can not stand.”. the coming of war 1850 slavery really came into...
TRANSCRIPT
The Coming of War
1850 slavery really came into focus
North questioned the morality of slavery
1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe
Depicted the horrors of slavery
“so this is the little lady who started the big war.” -Lincoln
Southern Society
The South considered slaves property They believed that the North was getting rich
off cheap labor Invention’s of the time helped contribute to
separation Cotton Gin in south Railroad and Telegrams in the north
North vs. South
Population 21.5 Million Railroad mileage 21.7
thousand miles Factories 110 thousand Bank Deposits 207
million dollars
Population 9 Million Railroad mileage 9
thousand Factories 20 thousand Bank Deposits 47
million dollars
Compromise of 1850
Main men behind the compromise was Clay, Calhoun, Daniel Webster
California would come in as a free state New Mexico and Utah would decide by popular
sovereignty Congress abolished sale of enslaved people in
Washington D.C. Slavery would remain legal in D.C. Fugitive Slave Act passed (victory for south)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Both states were ready for statehood, however they were both above the Missouri compromise line
Senator Steven Douglas from Illinois wanted to run for President
To do this he needed southern votes Wanted to build railroads through Kansas and
Nebraska to improve city of Chicago Proposed that the two states would determine their
own statues by popular sovereignty
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown, evangelical believed he was sent by God to end slavery
Killed five men (pro-slavery) outside their homes
Began the summer of violence “bleeding Kansas”
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Virginia Slave taken to a free state
Supreme court ruled Scott was property
African American’s were not citizens of the United States
Steven Douglas
“little giant” Main man behind the
Kansas-Nebraska act Debated Lincoln in a
series of 7 debates Issue Popular
Sovereignty Won the election for
Illinois senate
Abraham Lincoln
New face of the Republican party
Against the spread of slavery
Did not believe in the equality of blacks
“A house divided against itself can not stand.”
Harper’s Ferry VA
John Brown raid the fort Weapons depot Planned on stealing the
weapons and giving them to the slaves
Fort was protected by Robert E. Lee
Captured and killed for Treason against the United States
The War Starts
South Carolina secedes from the Union and six other states follow
(FL, MS, Al, GA, LA, TX) Jefferson Davis is elected president of
Confederate States of America Lincoln refuses to recognize the CSA,
declares the south in a state of rebellion
Fort Sumter
Lincoln knew he could not abandon the fort Also knew he could not make a move that looked like
an act of aggression Decided to sent food and supplies to the fort, no arms
or weapons Jefferson Davis ordered his generals to take the fort,
by force if necessary Event sparks unity in the north large numbers of men
volunteered for the army
Virginia
April 17th Virginia leaves the Union Largest in population Geographically close to the north Navy Yard, harbors, forts, Iron deposits Robert E. Lee US tradition, 7 presidents came from this state Once VA left others like AR, NC, TN left the Union
number was up to 11
Border States
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri all slave states remained in the Union
Virginia was split, western territory was anti-slavery
The State of West Virginia was formed
Tale of the Tape
21 Million People 4 million military eligible Naval production 25-1 Iron production 15-1 Firearm production
32-1
9 Million People 1 million military eligible
Northern Strategy
1. Blockade Southern ports: do not allow imports or exports
2. Control the Mississippi: cut the south in two
3. Capture the capitol of Richmond
“Anaconda Plan”
Southern Strategy
Protect the home front War of attrition, continuously try to push
back the north North had too many resources, and
supplies, south could not hold them off
Monitor vs. Merrimac
South tried to break the blockade
Iron steam ships First time Iron ships
played a big role in war
Bull Run
Union Army tried to take Richmond Met at Bull Run 25 miles outside of Washington
D.C. Greatly experienced Union Army met the
Confederates General Thomas J. Jackson of South held off the
Union army “Stonewall Jackson” Huge victory for the south, “secure their
Independence.”
Ulysses S. Grant
Mexican War hero Lead the western campaign First major battle was at
Shiloh, Tenn Huge victory for the North Major loss for America 13,000 Union 11,000 Confederates
Robert E. Lee
First major battle was at Antietam
Military draw Lee pulled back to
Richmond 5000 dead 19,000 wounded
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln knew slavery was legal under the constitution
War was going badly for the north Congress was pressuring Lincoln to punish the
south What could Lincoln do to punish the south Free the slaves North had no power to enforce it, however it
increased the number of African Americans in military
Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Lee and Jackson demoralize the North, major victories for the south
Gave the South confidence to invade the North
Lee wanted Harrisburg PA
Gettysburg
Greatest battle ever fought in western hemisphere
Lasted three days Lee vs. Meade Union won a decisive victory, Lee’s troops
were badly weakened Turning point of the war, South could
never again mount an offensive
Siege at Vicksburg
Around the same time as Gettysburg Grant was winning in the south
Took Vicksburg and control of the Mississippi
Grant could now take his troops and move north to finish off Lee in Richmond
Grant would lose 60,000 men (more than Lee’s entire army) to take the capitol
Sherman’s March to the Sea
William Sherman and 100,000 troops began an invasion of total war
Marched from Vicksburg area, trough Atlanta to the Atlantic
Burning everything in the path
Fields, homes, churches, anything in the way
Completely demoralized the south
Election of 1864
Lincoln needed to do something to gain support in south
Chose Andrew Johnson a Southern Democrat as his running mate
Democrats nominated George McClellan the general Lincoln fired
Lincoln was elected for second term
Congressed passed the 13th Amendment ending slavery
050,000
100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000500,000
KIA Disease POW Wounded
Union
Confederacy
Total
Other Impacts
Homestead Act of 1862, gave free land in new territory if you build farm on it
Clara Barton, woman field nurse, Elizabeth Blackwell first female Dr.
Greenbacks- 400 million dollars printed to pay for war, paper money had no gold backing
“War is hell”
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
On June 1, 1865, Senator Charles Sumner commented on what is now considered the most famous speech by President Abraham Lincoln. In his eulogy on the slain president, he called it a "monumental act." He said Lincoln was mistaken that "the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here." Rather, the Bostonian remarked, "The world noted at once what he said, and will never cease to remember it. The battle itself was less important than the speech."