the civil war and reconstruction

The Civil War and Reconstruction

Texas History

Chapters 15 and 16

Issues Divide the Country

The new Republican Party was supported in the North

Republican Party Against slavery Believed the South

was responsible for the depression

Wanted a tariff, homestead act and other improvements

South Disagrees Southerners

believed a victory for the Republican Party would mean the end of slavery and the Southern way of life

South Disagrees If the

Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union

South Disagrees Most of the

delegates to the Texas convention after the 1860 election favored secession

Secession Members of the

1861 convention in Alabama formed the Confederate States of America

Secession Texas Secession

Convention ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy

Secession

The Confederate Constitution gave more power to the states and legalized slavery.

Houston Disagrees

Governor of Texas, Sam Houston, refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederacy

Houston Disagrees

When Houston refused to take oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, the convention declared the office of governor vacant.

UNIONISTS Some Texans who

supported the United States joined the Union army.

Vigilantes, unauthorized police for an area, hanged 40 suspected Unionists at Gainesville.

New Presidents Abraham Lincoln

was elected the President of the United States in 1860

Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the Confederacy

War Begins April 12, 1861: Union

troops refuse to evacuate Fort Sumter in South Carolina

Confederates opened fire, beginning the Civil War

Texans Go To War Conscription: the

forced enrollment of people into military service

More than 60,000 Texans joined the Confederacy

Texans Go To War

Conscription was unfair to small farmers because it allowed for the hiring of substitutes.

Fighting for Galveston Vital to Confederate

chain of supplies Union navy

blockaded ports Union wanted to

capture Galveston because it was a busy seaport

Blockade

Despite the blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe via Mexico.

Battle of Sabine Pass Union troops

attempted to capture Houston and Galveston

The Confederate Davis Guards at Sabine Pass captured the Union troops and 2 ships

Battle of Sabine Pass Important victory

for the Confederacy; prevented Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas

Texas Blocks Union Invasion

Union forces had captured New Orleans in 1864

Union forces launched Texas invasion from New Orleans

Texas, Louisiana, Missouri and Arkansas troops took 2,000 Union troops prisoner

Terry’s Texas Rangers Officially known

as the 8th Texas Calvary Regiment

Fought in more battles than any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War

Civil War Women Women did most of

farm work, along with children and slaves

Women served as nurses; Rosanna Osterman

Women sewed uniforms and other clothing

Shortages Homespun

clothing made of coarse fabric

Substitutes for coffee and tea

Lack of medicines, paper, salt, flour

Civil War EndsApril 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate armies to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia

Civil War Ends Palmito Ranch, near

Brownsville, was the last battle of the Civil War.

Texans learned from Union prisoners that Lee had surrendered a month earlier

Union is Preserved

The North’s victory meant the Union of the United States had been preserved.

Slavery ended More than 600,000

soldiers died

Reconstruction

The period of reestablishing governments in the South after the Civil War

Reconstruction

Population boomed because Texas had largely been spared the destruction suffered by most of the South.

Ironclad Oath

To regain the right to vote, Southern citizens were required to take an oath of allegiance to the United States

Ironclad Oath: stated they had not voluntarily served in the Confederate Army or aided the Confederacy.

Kept many Southerners from voting

Problems

Money was scarce

Bitterness between citizens from the North and South

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in the Confederate states

Most African Americans did not learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until two years later

JuneteenthUnion General Granger landed at Galveston on June 19, 1865 and issued General Order #3 proclaiming all enslaved Texans were free.

Freedmen

Former Slaves Freedmen’s

Bureau created to assist newly freed slaves

Congress Takes Control

Texas legislature refused to ratify or approve 13th amendment:

abolished slavery 14th amendment:

granted citizenship to former slaves

Black Codes Laws limiting the

rights of African Americans

Texas constitution of 1866 failed to give African Americans the right to vote

Radical Republicans

Republicans who disagreed with U.S. President Johnson

Set stricter standards for admitting Southern states back into the Union

Radical Republicans

Voted to impeach President Johnson; he lost influence but not his office

Southerners Oppose Reconstruction

Former Confederates thought Radical Republicans’ plan was too harsh

Southerners Oppose Reconstruction

Scalawag: Southern whites who supported Reconstruction

Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan: used violence to prevent African Americans from voting

Democrats Win Election

Democrats kept many African Americans from voting for Texas governor in 1873

Richard Coke, from Waco, won election

Democrats Win Election

African Americans were most likely to vote for Republicans

Reconstruction Ends

U.S. President Grant signed proclamation ending Reconstruction in 1870.

Review Question

The North’s victory in the Civil War meant

a. The South seceded

b. Slavery was legalized

c. The Union was preserved

Review Question

Most delegates in the Texas convention after the 1860 election

A. favored secession B. opposed secession C. had no opinion about secession

Review Question

Members of the 1861 convention in Alabama formed the

A. Whig Party B. Republican Party C. Confederate States of America

Review Question

Many African Americans didn’t learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until _____ years later.

A. Two B. Three C. Four

Review Question

Union leaders wanted control of Galveston because it

A. had a busy seaport B. housed the State Capitol C. was a railroad center

Review Question

If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to

A. secede from the Union B. filibuster in Congress C. call for a recount

Review Question

All were results of the Civil War EXCEPT

A. slavery ended B. the Union was dissolved C. more than 600,000 people died

Review Question

All were sacrifices made by Texans during the Civil War EXCEPT

A. they used coffee substitutes B. they wore homespun clothing C. they stopped receiving nursing care

Review Question

Despite a blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe through

A. New Orleans B. Mexico C. California

Review Question

Most Southerners in the 1850s believed that the rise of the Republican Party would mean

A. legalization of slavery B. economic prosperity C. the end of the Southern way of life

Review Question

During the Civil War, women did all of the following EXCEPT

A. work on farms B. serve as nurses C. work in factories

Review Question

The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863

A. freed slaves in the Union states B. condemned Southern states for

seceding C. freed slaves in Confederate states

Review Question

The period of reestablishing governments in the South after the Civil War is called

A. Renewal B. Reconstruction C. Reunion

Review Question

On June 19, 1865, General Granger issued a proclamation declaring that all

A. enslaved people were free B. women had the right to vote C. taxes were increased

Review Question

How many Texans served in the Confederate Army?

A. 6,000 B. 10,000 C. 60,000

Review Question

The Texas Secession Convention ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to

A. President Lincoln B. the Confederacy C. the Union

Review Question

Which famous Texan did NOT sign the loyalty oath to the Confederacy?

A. Mirabeau Lamar B. Albert Sidney Johnston C. Sam Houston

Review Question

Conscription is

A. secession from the Union B. Confederate paper money C. forced enrollment into military service

Review Question

What oath did Southerners have to take before they could vote?

A. Emancipation Oath B. Ironclad Oath C. Abolitionist Oath

Review Question

Most former Confederates felt the Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction was

A. too harsh B. too generous C. unnecessary

Review Question

The federal agency created to assist newly freed slaves was the

A. Ku Klux Klan B. Welfare Department C. Freedman’s Bureau

Review Question

The President of the US who was impeached during Reconstruction was

A. Andrew Johnson B. Abraham Lincoln C. Ulysses S. Grant

Review Question

The 8th Texas Cavalry Regiment, which fought in more battles than did any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War, was also known as

A. Terry’s Tennessee Rangers B. Terry’s Texas Rangers C. Terry’s Texas Regiment

Review Question

Which political party used violence to keep African Americans from voting in 1873?

A. Republican B. Democrat C. Whigs

Review Question

What was the site of the first Civil War battle?

A. Sabine Pass B. Fort Sumter C. New Orleans

Review Question

What was the city where Union forces launched an invasion of Texas in 1864?

A. New Orleans B. Galveston C. Palmito Ranch

Review Question

Who was the President of the Confederacy?

A. Abraham Lincoln B. Jefferson Davis C. Sam Houston

Review Question

Which battle dashed Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas?

A. Sabine Pass B. New Orleans C. Palmito Ranch

Review Question

Who was the President of the United States elected in 1860?

A. Abraham Lincoln B. Ulysses S. Grant C. Jefferson Davis

Review Question

Who were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction?

A. Scalawags B. Carpetbaggers C. Radical Republicans

Review Question

Who were Southern whites who supported Reconstruction?

A. Radical Republicans B. Scalawags C. Black Codes

Review Question

A Radical Republican was

A. someone who limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War

B. someone who came to the South during Reconstruction

C. someone who set strict standards for admitting Southern states back into the Union

Review Question

What was the site of the last Civil War battle?

A. New Orleans B. Palmito Ranch C. Sabine Pass

Review Question

What were black codes?

A. laws limiting the rights of African Americans after the Civil War

B. laws giving civil rights to newly freed African Americans

C. the 13th and 14th amendments

Good Luck on Your Test!!

the civil war and reconstruction

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