the civil war and reconstruction goal #3. causes of civil war land expansion: louisiana purchase and...
TRANSCRIPT
The Civil War and Reconstruction
Goal #3
Causes of Civil War
Land Expansion: Louisiana Purchase and Mexican Cession
Slavery Expansion Sectional Crisis Congressional Gridlock Cultural Differences Tariff of Abominations
Attempts to Resolve the Impending Crisis of the Civil
War Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Dred Scott Decision Kansas-Nebraska Act All efforts temporarily settled the
conflicts, but crisis loomed ahead
North v. South
NORTH Industrial Production to provide the supplies it
needed Factories/Mills More manpower Good transportation systems (roads, railroads,
canals) More money Good leadership
SOUTH Good leadership in the military only Good outdoor skills, riding horses, handling guns Determination to defend their homes “One man defending his home is more powerful
than an army of hired soldiers”
Plans of both sides
NORTH Anaconda Plan Blockade of ports Take the Mississippi River and split
the Confederacy in half Take Richmond Strategic Plan
SOUTH Fight a defensive war and advance
when possible
Leadership
North (good political leadership) Abraham Lincoln President Ulysses S. Grant (head of all Union
forces) General McClellan Farragut
South (good military leadership, but poor political leadership)
Jefferson Davis President General Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson
Winning the War
Proved more difficult than the North imagined
Lasted 4 years North had far superior weapons and
supplies
Soldiers
Both sides faced shortages Both sides used the DRAFT to raise
an army First time in US History a draft has
been used Rich man’s war, but a poor man’s
fight
Money
Both sides faced shortages Both sides used the first “income
taxes” to pay for the war
Soldiers
Injuries common No sanitation Germs, infection caused most deaths Surgery was primitive, painful, often ended in
death Amputations frequent Nurses were key to soldiers (Dorothea Dix and
Clara Barton “Angels of Battlefield” South faced such food shortages during the war
that their soldiers faced tremendous suffering, especially POW’s, both sides guilty of atrocities, torture
Andersonville: worst prisoner-of-war camp, located in Georgia
Technology
Civil War was the first photographed war in our history
Ironclad Warships, “Monitor” and “Merrimac”
First submarine “Hunley” New rifles, cannons
Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation: Jan. 1, 1863 Freed slaves behind enemy lines only Political tool for Lincoln It would be the 13th Amendment that
finally ABOLISHED ALL SLAVERY IN AMERICA
Lincoln believed secession was illegal and the South had never actually left the Union, but his plan for rebuilding the South was going to be lenient
Important BATTLES and Turning Points
Ft. Sumter: a surprising Confederate victory Battle of Bull Run: a surprising Confederate
victory (spectators prevented the North from advancing)
Antietam: single bloodies one-day battle of the Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg (turning point of war) approx 55,000 died, northern victory, after which point the South never made advances
Battle of Vicksburg: North takes Mississippi and splits Confederacy in half (South suffers terrible losses here)
Sherman’s March to the Sea: burned a 20 mile wide path to the sea and eventually the South surrendered (South was completely destroyed physically and emotionally)
The Surrender
Appomattox Court House: April, 1865
Lee surrendered to Grant Dignified Polite Southern troops were sent home with
their side arms and provisions The federal government reigns
SUPREME over the states!!!
Lincoln’s Assassination
April 14, 1865 Booth Theater with his wife, Mary John Wilkes Booth shot him from behind,
was captured and killed (Southern sympathizer)
Lincoln died the next morning Never got to see the country reunited Country mourned! His VP was Andrew Johnson who would
face a difficult situation with Congress
Effects of Civil War
Slavery Abolished by 13th Amendment
Federal Government reigned supreme over the states
Reconstruction1865-1877
To REBUILD the South after the Civil War South was destroyed Lincoln’s assassination hurt South Radical Republicans in Congress gained control over
Reconstruction Lincoln was going to be LENIENT, the Radicals were going
to be extreme, led by Thaddeus Stevens Established 5 military districts in South, Reconstruction Act Amnesty Act: pardoned former Confederates and returned
the right to vote and hold public office Freedmen’s Bureau: organization set up to help poor
people in South after Civil War, food, clothing, education
Johnson’s Presidency
Democrat Lenient towards the South, like
Lincoln Black Codes/ Jim Crow Laws
implemented in South by legislatures to limit the lives of the former slaves, curfew, social laws
Former slaves voted Republican, plantation owners voted Democratic
Civil War Amendments
13th: Abolished Slavery 14th: Equal protection under the law,
if you’re born here, you’re a citizen 15th: guarantee of right to vote
regardless of race or ethnicity
Civil War Acts of 1866
Passed to stop black codes and give rights to African Americans
Vetoed by Johnson but passed with Radical Republicans
Limits on Freedoms in South
Black Codes Jim Crow Laws: undermined the 14th and
15th Amendments Grandfather Clause Restricted rights of former slaves Ku Klux Klan established during
Reconstruction to intimidate African Americans from voting, voting empowers people
Andrew Johnson
1st president ever to be IMPEACHED Impeach means “to question” for
wrongdoing (not throw out of office!) Radicals impeached him for firing an
official he wasn’t supposed to fire, said he violated the TENURE OF OFFICE ACT
He was acquitted and spared by 1 vote He was followed in office by Ulysses S.
Grant whose term was marked by scandal and corruption
END OF RECONSTRUCTION1877
Lasted 12 short years Compromise of 1877, called “The Great Betrayal” North was tired of sinking money into a difficult South,
change was slow Former Confederates wanted the Northerners out of the
South so HOME RULE could return (redemption) 1876 election, North said that if the South would elect
Rutherford Hayes to office, they would end Reconstruction in South and withdraw all troops (Compromise of 1877)
Deal was successful and it all ends in South by 1877 Former slaves left in a position of servitude and poverty
with no federal protection or guarantee of equality, most became tenant farmers or sharecroppers
Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy of the NATIONAL GOV’T, no state has ever seceded again!!
Map Civil War
Use p. 262 and 264 to color the southern states GRAY and the northern states NAVY BLUE
On page 264 list of assigned battles P. 262 and p. 233, star the battle sites
using a red star for southern victories and a navy blue star for Union victories. Label the name of battle beside the star.
Make a key. P. 262, draw PIE CHART and label, put on
back of map-have key
Robert Fitzgerald Video (20 pts. Each)
1. Why did Robert Fitzgerald move to NC? 2. What was his profession after the war? 3. In what ways did the Freedmen’s
Bureau help people in the South? 4. Describe his students (their willingness
to learn). Describe students today? Are there similarities or differences? Explain.
5. Based on your study of Reconstruction, would you argue that it was a SUCCESS or a FAILURE?