the civil war chapter 11. the opposing sides ch 11 sec 1
TRANSCRIPT
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THE CIVIL WAR
Chapter 11
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THE OPPOSING SIDES
Ch 11 Sec 1
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Objectives
Assess the strengths & weaknesses of each region’s economy.
Contrast the political situations of the Union & the Confederacy.
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Choosing Sides
o Robert E. Lee was senior officer with the US Army.
o Virginia seceded he stayed true to his state.
o 1/3 of the Union’s military officers chose the Confederacy
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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
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UNION ADVANTAGES
-More than 2X railroad- larger population-More $ in banks-Functioning government- Strong navy
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CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES
-Better military leaders (7 out of 8 military colleges in the South)-Defensive war-did not have to win, just not lose-Better soldiers
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Industry & Agriculture- North Made most of
the nations clothing
Most pig iron Most firearms
factories All gunpowder
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Industry & Agriculture- South
One foundry that could produce iron (Tredegar Iron Works)
No facility for gunpowder
Produce all its own food, but couldn’t distribute it
Only one east/west rail line (Memphis to Chattanooga)
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Discussion
What military advantages did the North and South have at the start of the war?
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Financing the War North controlled national treasury, tariffs, & could easily
borrow $. Many people took gold & silver out of banks, so Congress
passes Legal Tender Act- created a national currency (paper $)“greenback”
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Financing the War
Southern economy was bad, & got worse as the war continued
Southern planters were in debt & couldn’t buy bonds
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Financing the War
South had to tax citizens- people refused to pay
South had to print paper $ to pay bills- caused inflation
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Discussion
What financial advantages did the North have over the South?
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NORTHERN POLITICS
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Party Politics
Many Republicans were abolitionists Lincoln wanted to preserve Union, no
matter what
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My paramount objective in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. ~Abraham Lincoln
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Party Politics
2 groups in Democrat Party- War Democrats-
supported the war & restore the Union and preserve slavery
Copperheads (Peace Democrats) opposed war, reunite peacefully.
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Party Politics
Conscription- forcing people into military service (the draft)
Democrats opposed the draft, Republicans supported it
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Party Politics
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus for anyone that openly criticized the war effort or supported the South
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Discussion
Who did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus for?
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DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGES
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Relations with Europe
USA did not want Europe to interfere or recognize the CSA
Wanted Europe to honor blockade
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Relations with Europe
CSA wanted recognition Wanted British Navy to break blockade Europe (especially England) needed
Southern cotton Fr. & GB both promised to recognize CSA
and give aide IF they won a major battle
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Discussion
At the outbreak of the war, what did Confederates want from Europeans?
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FIRST MODERN WAR
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Military Technology & Tactics Military firsts:
Submarine (Hunley) Machine gun (Gatling gun) Trench warfare (Petersburg)
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Military Technology & Tactics Military leaders
organized soldiers into tight columns
Concentrate fire When troops
got close, they charged with bayonets
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Military Technology & Tactics
New guns invented More accurate at
greater ranges Defensive tactics
changed Defenders got in
trenches or behind barricades
High casualties
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Southern Strategy
War of Attrition- wear North down Didn’t have to win, just not lose
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Union Strategy
Blockaded the South Send gunboats down Mississippi River to
divide South “Anaconda Plan”
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Discussion
Why was the Confederate’s defensive war of attrition unsuccessful?