The Civil WarMr. Webster’s Class

Outburst Trivia Rules• Today we will be playing Outburst History Trivia. For this game, the class will be divided into two

teams, and only one team will play at a time. The purpose of the game is for players to shout out answers that are based on clues being described by a fellow teammate.

• To play the game, one player will choose a card that has ten historical trivia items listed on it. That player will then try to describe each trivia item by giving clues to his or her teammates. When the clue giver’s teammates feel that they know the answer, they can shout it out. Once the correct answer is stated, the team will receive a point and the clue giver will move on to the next trivia item. While this is happening, the other team must remain silent and wait for their turn. Failure to do so will result in the loss of points for that team.

• Clue givers must be careful not to mention words contained within individual trivia items. For instance, if a trivia item is “Hudson River,” the word “river” cannot be used as a clue. If clue givers comes across a word that they do not know how to describe, they have the option to pass.

• Each team will have a total of 2 minutes to answer their trivia items. If the clue giver is unable to describe all ten trivia items and there is time remaining on the clock, he or she may choose a fellow teammate to take over and continue their role. Once this happens though, that initial clue giver disqualifies him/herself from answering the remaining questions.

Fourth Quarter Research Project – due 4/27• For this assignment, you are to conduct research on a topic associated with

the historical period we are currently studying in class. • Upon conducting your research, you must create a multi-paragraph paper that

explores the topic in depth. Your first paragraph should serve as an introductory paragraph. Your middle, or body paragraph(s), should explain the key moments, ideas and/or contributions associated with your topic. Your final paragraph should act as a conclusion, and in it, you should sum up your findings and reflect on the topic’s lasting legacy.

• Please note that each paragraph should consist of at least 5 sentences.• To conduct your research, you MUST consult a historical source and cite the

source as well. PLAGIARISM WILL NOT BE TOLERATED! • In addition to your paper, you must also produce an illustration to present to

the class. Your illustration can be a poster, a power point presentation, a 3-dimensional likeness, a play, poem, or rap.

    Exemplary Proficient EmergingWRITTEN PORTION

Historical Accuracy The narrative contains information that is historically accurate.

  

(10 Points)

The narrative contains information that is generally historically accurate.

(7 Points)

The narrative contains a considerable amount information that is historically inaccurate.

 (3 Points)

Focus The narrative maintains a steady focus from start to finish.

(10 Points)

The narrative is generally focused.

 (7 Points)

The narrative contains little focus.

 (3 Points)

Structure The narrative is well-structured and demonstrates a strong command of the language.

 (10 Points)

The narrative is generally well-structured, and demonstrates a basic command of the language

(7 Points)

The narrative contains little structure and command of the language. 

 (3 Points)

PRESENTATION 

Significance & Relevance

The presentation contains information that is historically significant and/or relevant.

(10 Points)

Visual aid contains information that is of general historical significance and/or relevance.

(7 Points)

Visual aid contains information that is of little historical significance and/or relevance.

(3 Points)

Creativity and Effort The presentation demonstrates a considerable amount of creativity and effort on the part of the student.

(10 Points)

The presentation demonstrates a fair amount of creativity and effort on the part of the student.

(7 Points)

The presentation demonstrates little creativity and effort on the part of the student.

 (3 points)

Extra Credit Opportunity (due 5/7)• In the world of sports, many team names are based on historical

characters or concepts. For this assignment, you are to conduct research and explain the historical significance behind some of these names. You are free to choose whichever teams you like, but it is important to note that not all team names are historically significant (for instance, the Miami Dolphins, Orlando City, etc.). • In each team name entry, you should write a few brief sentences

explaining the historical basis for the team name. I will be giving one point for each accurate and relevant entry, and you may include up to 20 entries.• PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU MUST CONSULT AND CITE A SOURCE FOR THIS

ASSIGNMENT, AND PLAGIARISM WILL NOT BE TOLERATED! • LATE SUBMISSIONS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED!

The Debate over Slavery• The question of slavery had long

fueled debate in the United States.• Each time the debate flared, the

nation’s leaders struck some sort of compromise, such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820.• In the 1840s, the debate over

slavery erupted once again when the United States acquired new territories from the Mexican-American War.

Zachary Taylor • 12th President of the United States• His success as a general in the Second Seminole War earned him the name “Old Rough and Ready.”• His successes during the Mexican-

American War made him a national hero.• As a president, Taylor avoided the issue of slavery.• He died in office in July 1850 from a stomach-related illness.

Millard Fillmore• 13th President of the United States• Fillmore assumed the presidency

after Taylor’s death.• He supported the Compromise of 1850, which included the Fugitive Slave Act.• Whig (last president to not be a

Democrat or Republican)• He is consistently rated as one of

the worst presidents in history.

Franklin Pierce• 14th President of the United States• Democrat• Sympathetic to the South.• Pierce supported the controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed new territories to decide whether or not to allow slavery.• He is considered one of

the worst presidents in U.S. history.

The Fugitive Slave Act• In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act. This law made it illegal to help slaves escape to freedom.• Many Northerners refused to obey the new law.• When Franklin Pierce

became president in 1853, he intended to enforce it.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act• In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.• The act also allowed voters in both territories to decide whether or not to allow slavery, which was known as popular sovereignty. • In effect, it repealed the Missouri Compromise.• In Kansas, supporters of both sides rushed there to influence the vote. Ultimately, the pro-slavery side won.

Bleeding Kansas• After voters in Kansas voted to allow slavery, many slavery opponents refused to accept the laws. • They armed themselves, had their own elections,

and adopted a constitution banning slavery. • By January 1856, Kansas had two rival

governments.• In May 1856, slavery supporters attacked the town of Lawrence, an antislavery stronghold. Antislavery forces retaliated.• The violence led to the term “Bleeding Kansas,” and in October 1856, federal troops arrived to stop the bloodshed.

Birth of the Republican Party• After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the

Democratic Party began to divide among sectional lines. Northern Democrats left the party. • Differing views over slavery also

split the Whig Party.• In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by antislavery activists (many of whom were former Whigs and Democrats).• Republicans found support in the North, while Democrats held support in the South.

Election of 1856• In the Election of 1856,

Republicans chose John C. Fremont as their candidate while the Democrats chose James Buchanan.• Buchanan tried to appeal

to Southern whites, and he supported the idea of popular sovereignty.• The Election of 1856 was

divided among rigid sectional lines, and ultimately Buchanan won.

James Buchanan• 15th President of the United States• Never married• Buchanan’s efforts to maintain peace between the North and the South alienated both sides.• By the time he left office, 7 Southern

states had seceded from the Union.• Buchanan’s inability to deal with the mounting crisis has led to him consistently being ranked as one of the worst presidents in U.S. history.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)• Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom after having lived in two states where slavery was illegal.• Scott’s case eventually made it all the way to the Supreme Court.• The Supreme Court ruled that Scott was still a slave, and as such, he was not a citizen and had no right to file a lawsuit.• The court also ruled that Congress had no power to ban slavery, which outraged Republicans and abolitionists.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates• In 1858, the Illinois Senate race

became the center of national attention when Democrat Stephen A. Douglas ran against a rising star in the Republican Party, Abraham Lincoln.

• Lincoln was far less well-known than Douglas, but he challenged Douglas to a series of debates.

• At the debates, the main topic was slavery.

• Although Lincoln lost the election, he gained national reputation as a man of clear thinking who could argue with force and persuasion.

John Brown and Harpers Ferry• In 1859, abolitionist John Brown led a raid in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.• Brown hoped to start an armed

slave revolt, but he was defeated, and later tried and convicted of treason and murder.• He received a death sentence.• Brown’s death rallied abolitionists, and confirmed that the nation was on the brink of disaster.

Political Cartoon Assignment – worth 20 points• For this assignment, you are to create a political cartoon that

explores one of the topics recently discussed in class (Fugitive Slave Act, Underground Railroad, Women’s Rights, Abolition, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott, etc.)• You can create one central image / depiction, or you can produce a

comic-type cartoon where there are multiple scenes. Either way, your cartoon must be historically relevant and accurate, and it must depict the time period we are studying in class (mid-1800s).• I will be grading as follows:• Historical Accuracy / Relevance – 10 points• Creativity / Neatness – 10 points

Review Questions Assignment – worth 20 points• You are to use your textbook (pg. 410-444) to create 12 questions

and answers that you feel would make good test questions. You may do up to 4 vocabulary questions. No fill in the blank, no multiple choice, and no true or false.• You are to put all of your questions on one sheet of paper, and all of

your answers on another sheet of paper. On the answer sheet, you also need to write down the page # where you got your information.• Once you have completed creating your questions and answers, you

will submit them to me and I will distribute another student’s questions to you for you to answer. • The first three students to complete the assignment successfully

will receive a reward.

Civil War Vocabulary• fugitive – a person who is running away from legal

authority• secede – to officially leave an organization• civil war – conflict between citizens of the same country• arsenal – a place to store weapons and military

equipment• secession – withdrawal• states’ rights – the theory that individual states are

independent and have the right to control their most important affairs

Civil War Vocabulary Cont.• border state – a state on the border between the North

and South• enlist – to formally join a military force• ironclad – a warship equipped with iron plating for

protection• casualty – a soldier who is killed, wounded, captured, or

missing in battle• Emancipation Proclamation – a decree issued by Pres.

Lincoln freeing enslaved people in those parts of the Confederacy still in rebellion• total war – a strategy of bringing war to the entire

society, not just the military

The Election of 1860• During the election of 1860, the issue of

slavery split the Democratic Party.• Northern Democrats supported popular

sovereignty and nominated Stephen Douglas.• Southern Democrats vowed to uphold slavery,

and their candidate was John Breckinridge.• The Constitutional Union Party took no

position on slavery. Their candidate was John Bell.

• The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln. They wanted to leave slavery alone where it existed, but ban it in the territories.

• With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won a clear majority of the electoral votes.

Abraham Lincoln• 16th President of the United States• Born in a log cabin in Kentucky• First Republican President• President during the Civil War• Issued the Emancipation Proclamation• Delivered the Gettysburg Address• Instrumental in pushing the 13th Amendment (which outlawed slavery) through Congress• Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth• Clip

“Sweet 16” Presidential Assignment – worth 20 points• For this assignment, you are to create a foldable that illustrates

the first 16 presidents of the United States. To begin, you need to get a blank piece of paper and then fold it in half four times. This will create creases in the paper that results in 16 squares. Each square will be used to represent one of the first 16 presidents. Within the squares, you must create an illustration that depicts each president or the key events associated with each presidency. Or… you may write a few brief statements that sums up the legacy of each individual president.• I will be grading as follows:• Creativity – 5 points• Historical Accuracy / Relevance – 15 points

The Confederate States of America• Upset over Lincoln’s election victory, South Carolina voted to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860.• By February 1861, six other states had also seceded, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.• Delegates from these states met to form a new nation, which they called the Confederate States of America.

CSA – Order of Secession• South Carolina – December 20, 1860• Mississippi – January 9, 1861• Florida – January 10, 1861• Alabama – January 11, 1861• Georgia – January 19, 1861• Louisiana – January 26, 1861• Texas – February 1, 1861• Virginia – April 17, 1861• Arkansas – May 6, 1861• Tennessee – May 7, 1861• North Carolina – May 20, 1861

The Confederacy• Jefferson Davis was chosen to become President of the Confederate States of America.• Initially, Montgomery, Alabama, was the capital of the Confederacy. After Virginia seceded, the capital became Richmond, Virginia.• No foreign state ever officially

recognized the Confederacy as an independent country.• Jefferson Davis Bio• "Dixie" - Unofficial Anthem

States’ Rights• Southerners used states’ rights to justify secession. • They argued that each state had voluntarily chosen to enter the Union, and that states had a right to leave the Union.• They defined the Constitution as

a contract among the independent states, and they believed the national government had broken the contract by denying Southern states equal rights.

Fort Sumter• Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated president on March 4, 1861.• On April 12, 1861, Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered his forces to attack Union forces at Fort Sumter (Charleston, SC).• Union forces surrendered the fort two days later.• The Civil War had begun!

Choosing Sides• Following the Battle of Ft. Sumter,

the southern states of Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and North Carolina seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy. • The slave states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri remained in the Union and were considered border states.• Keeping the border states

remained vital to the strategy of the Union.

Strengths and Weaknesses• When the war began, each side had advantages and disadvantages.• The North had a larger population and more resources than the South.• The South had excellent military leaders and a strong fighting spirit. • Also, because the war was fought in the South, the Confederacy knew the land and had the will to defend it.

Goals of War• Each side had different goals in fighting the war.• The Confederacy wanted to be an independent nation, so it simply needed to fight hard enough and long enough to convince the North that the war was not worth the cost.• The Union wanted to restore the Union, so it had to invade the South to force those states to give up their quest for independence. • Lincoln’s original aim was not to defeat slavery.

Military Strategies• The South’s basic strategy was to conduct a defensive war and hold as much territory as possible. The South also tried to win the support of Britain and France.• The North’s plan was to blockade Southern ports to prevent the South from exporting its cotton. Then, the North would seek to gain control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy into two and cutting Southern supply lines.

Civil War Soldiers• The Civil War turned brother

against brother and neighbor against neighbor.• Men of all ages, and on both

sides, rushed to join the army. Some did so out of patriotism. Others thought they would be called cowards if they did not serve.• To get into the army, many

teenagers ran away from home and lied about their ages.

African American Soldiers• At first, the Union refused to let free African Americans enlist. They feared white troops would not accept African American soldiers.• Later in the war, the Union army changed this policy.• The Confederacy refused to consider having African Americans fight until the war’s final days. They did not want to give enslaved people weapons.

The 54th Massachusetts• The best-known African American regiment was the 54th Massachusetts.• The regiment was founded in 1863,

and it was under the command of Col. Robert Gould Shaw.• Later that year, the 54th served on the front lines in an assault on Ft. Wagner in South Carolina.• Though the Union could not capture

the fort, the 54th became famous for their courage and sacrifice.

Yankees vs. Rebels• Union soldiers were often called Yankees. They wore blue.• Confederate soldiers were often called Rebels. They wore gray.• At the war’s end, about 900,000

men fought for the Confederacy and about 2.1 million men fought for the Union. The Union army included just under 200,000 African Americans.

A Soldier’s Life• Soldiers of the North and the South described what they saw and how they felt in letters to family and friends.• Many wrote about their boredom, discomfort, sickness, fear, and horror.• Many men deserted. About 1 in

every 11 Union soldiers and 1 in every 8 Confederates ran away because of fear, hunger, or sickness.

Confederate Flag

Old Georgia Flag Current Georgia Flag

Confederate Flag Georgia Flag

Confederate Flag Writing Assignment – worth 25 points• The Confederate flag is a controversial symbol that brings out many

different emotions in people. For this assignment, I want you to consider your own thoughts on the Confederate flag. Do you feel that it is a symbol of hate, or one of pride? Perhaps you feel that it symbolizes both, or something altogether different. • You will need to put your thoughts into writing, and explain why you feel

the way you do. You should also come up with a suggestion for moving beyond the controversy. For instance, should the flag be banned? Or should it be recognized for its historical role? Or should people be free to either love it or hate it?• Your paper should consist of at least three 5-sentence paragraphs, and

grading will be based on the following criteria: strength of argument, historical validity, focus, and grammar/punctuation. This assignment is worth 25 points.

Review Questions Assignment – worth 20 points• You are to use your textbook (pg. 445-463) to create 12 questions

and answers that you feel would make good test questions. You can do up to 3 vocabulary questions, but you can not do any multiple choice or true and false questions.• You are to put all of your questions on one sheet of paper, and all of

your answers on another sheet of paper. On the answer sheet, you also need to write down the page # where you got your information.• Once you have completed creating your questions and answers, you

will submit them to me and I will distribute another student’s questions to you for you to answer. • The first three students to complete the assignment successfully

will receive a reward.

The First Battle of Bull Run• The First Battle of Bull Run was the 1st major battle of the Civil War. It took place on July 21, 1861, just outside of Washington, D.C.• It ended in a Confederate victory, and it earned General Thomas Jackson the nickname “Stonewall” as he was described as holding his position “like a stone wall.”

The Battle of Hampton Roads (Monitor vs. Merrimack)• The Battle of Hampton Roads between the Monitor and Merrimack is the most noted naval battle of the Civil War.• It was fought over March 8-9, 1862.• It was the first battle to ever take place between ironclad warships.• The Monitor was a Northern ship, and the Merrimack (renamed Virginia) was a Southern ship. • Neither ship won the battle, but it raised spirits on both sides.

The Battle of Shiloh• The Battle of Shiloh was a major battle in the Western Theater of the Civil War that was fought April 6-7, 1862 in western Tennessee.• Although the Confederates

achieved considerable success on the first day, the Battle of Shiloh ultimately ended with a Union victory.• Losses on both sides were

enormous. Together, the 2 armies suffered more than 23,000 casualties.

The Capture of New Orleans• On April 25, 1862,

the Union naval forces captured New Orleans, the largest city in the South.• The capture of New Orleans meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the Mississippi River to carry its goods to sea.

The Battle of Antietam• On September 17, 1862,

both sides met at a place called Antietam (in Maryland).• Antietam was a key victory for the Union. It was also the deadliest single day of fighting in the war.• About 6,000 soldiers died,

and about 17,000 more suffered wounds.

Confederate Victories• Southern victories in the East were largely the result of the leadership of Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson.• The two generals knew the terrain,

knew how to move forces quickly, and they were also expert at inspiring troops.• In 1862, Confederate forces enjoyed a

string of impressive victories in Virginia.• In May 1863, Lee’s army defeated a Union force twice its size at Chancellorsville, Virginia.

Robert E. Lee• Robert E. Lee is the most well-known

Confederate general.• Lee was a native Virginian and graduate of West

Point Military Academy.• Lee served in the U.S. Army from 1829-1861.• At the onset of the Civil War, President

Lincoln offered Lee a command in the Union Army.

• When Virginia seceded from the Union, Lee resigned from the U.S. Army and became commander of Virginia’s military forces.

• Lee’s abilities as a tactician have been praised by many military historians.

• Clip

Arlington House – Robert E. Lee’s HomeThen Now

The Emancipation Proclamation• At first, Lincoln viewed the Civil War as a

battle for the Union, not a fight against slavery. As the war continued, his views changed.• On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves living in rebel territory.• While the Emancipation Proclamation did

not effectively end slavery overnight, it had a strong impact.• With it, the government declared slavery to

be wrong and it became clear that a Union victory would end slavery in the U.S.

The Emancipation Proclamation(Areas Covered by Proclamation Shown in Red)

Life on the Homefront• The Civil War affected all Americans, not just those who fought.• Life in the South changed most dramatically.• Most fighting took place in the South, and therefore the South suffered the most destruction.• Southerners who lived in the

paths of marching armies lost their crops and homes.

Women and the Civil War• During the Civil War, women

suffered the stress of having the men in their lives away at war. • Women on both sides kept farms

and factories going, and they scrimped and saved to get through the difficult time.• Thousands of women on both

sides served as nurses. Clara Barton became famous for her work with wounded soldiers.• Women on both sides also

served as spies.

Prisoners of War• Prisoners were treated with a mixture

of sympathy and hostility.• At first, the two sides exchanged

prisoners. After this system broke down, each side set up prison camps.

• Andersonville prison in Georgia became notorious for its cramped and unsanitary conditions.

• Of the approximately 45,000 Union prisoners held there, almost 13,000 died. The chief causes of death were scurvy, diarrhea, and dysentery.

• Andersonville Clip

Field Hospitals• Surgeons set up hospitals near

battlefields. • There, with bullets and cannonballs

flying by, they bandaged wounds and amputated limbs.• Disease was another constant

threat throughout the war, and was often caused by the crowded and unsanitary conditions at camp.• During the Civil War, more men died from disease than those who died from wounds inflicted on the battlefield.

Mary Todd Lincoln• Mary Todd Lincoln was the wife of Abraham Lincoln.• Mary was well-educated, and before

marrying Lincoln, she was courted by his political opponent Stephen A. Douglas.• She and Lincoln had four sons together,

only one of whom outlived her.• Mary suffered from migraine headaches

and other severe illnesses throughout her life. • In her later years, she became

increasingly mentally unstable.

North / South Visual Representation• For this assignment, you are to create a visual

representation of both sides who fought in the Civil War.• On one half of the paper, you need to create something

that you feel is a fair and accurate representation of the North, and on the other half of the paper, you need to do the same for the South.• The assignment is worth 20 points, and I will be grading

as follows:• Historical Accuracy / Relevance – 15 points• Color / Creativity – 5 points

The Tide Turns• By the spring of 1863, the

Confederates had the upper hand.• Lee was emboldened, and

decided to take the war into the North, hoping to win the support of France and Britain.• In July of 1863, a small town in

Pennsylvania became the site of one of the most decisive battles in the Civil War.

The Battle of Gettysburg• The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between July 1-3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.• The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war. It is often described as the war’s turning point. • On November 19, 1863, President Lincoln delivered his historic Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the Gettysburg National Cemetery.

The Siege of Vicksburg• In May 1863, the Union began a siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, preventing food and supplies from reaching the Confederates. • The siege lasted 47 days. During the

siege, many soldiers died of disease or starvation.• On July 4, Vicksburg finally fell under the control of Union troops.• As a result, the Union gained full control of the Mississippi River, essentially splitting the Confederacy in two.

Florida in the Civil War• When the Civil War began, neither

the Union leaders nor the Confederate leaders regarded Florida as important to their strategy.• With just 140,000 residents, Florida was the smallest of the 11 Confederate states, and it had little industry and few links with the other states of the Confederacy.• As the war went on, Florida became one of the Confederacy’s important suppliers of beef and salt.

Battle of Olustee• In February 1864, Union forces

landed in Jacksonville and moved into the state’s center.• The Union wanted to cut off

Florida’s supplies from the rest of the Confederacy.• On February 20, 1864, the two

armies fought a furious battle at Olustee.• The Battle of Olustee, also known as Ocean Pond, ended in a Confederate victory, and it forced Union troops to retreat to Jacksonville.

Battle of Gainesville• The Battle of Gainesville was fought on August 17, 1864, when Confederate forces defeated Union detachments on a raid from Jacksonville.• The battle took place in the town

square, and many townspeople viewed the fighting from the windows of a nearby house.• Following the battle, Union forces

withdrew and Gainesville remained in Confederate control for the remainder of the war.

Battle of Natural Bridge• The Confederates also won the Battle of

Natural Bridge in Leon County.• In March 1865, Union army and naval

forces landed near St. Mark’s Lighthouse and prepared to march to Tallahassee.

• Men of all ages volunteered to defend the capital.

• Meeting At Natural Bridge, Confederate soldiers were able to turn back the Union forces.

• The Battle of Natural Bridge was one of the last significant Confederate victories in the war.

The Union Closes In• By 1864, Union forces had

the South surrounded. Union ships blocked the Confederate coast, and the Union also controlled the Mississippi River.• The South seemed ready

to fall, if the Union could come up with the right plan of attack.• General Ulysses S. Grant

would be the one to draw up such a plan.

General Ulysses S. Grant• In March 1864, President Lincoln put General Grant in charge of all the Union armies.• Grant created a plan to

deliver killing blows from all sides. • Grant was determined to attack Lee’s forces relentlessly until the Confederacy surrendered.

War in Virginia• In May and June of 1864, Grant’s

army confronted Lee’s smaller forces in a series of battles near Richmond, VA. These were the six bloodiest weeks of the wear. • Next, Grant laid siege to the city

of Petersburg in an attempt to cut off nearby Richmond from the rest of the Confederacy.• The siege lasted 9 months and

resulted in the death of thousands.

The Election of 1864• In the North, opposition to the war grew

stronger throughout 1864.• Reelection for Lincoln seemed unlikely.• After a series of important victories

however, Northerners began to believe that victory was possible.• In November 1864, Lincoln won a second term over the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan.• Shortly afterwards, on January 31, 1865, Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery.

Sherman’s March to the Sea• Even with enormous setbacks, the

Confederacy fought on. The Union was determined to break the South’s will.• In November 1864, General

William Tecumseh Sherman burned the city of Atlanta.• Sherman then had his troops

march across Georgia toward the Atlantic, burning cities and crops along the way.• This trail of destruction is known

as Sherman’s March to the Sea.

Richmond Falls• After a 9-month siege at Petersburg, Grant finally drove Lee’s Army out of that city and also Richmond.• The Confederate government

fled Richmond, and Lee’s Army evacuated the city.• By April 4, 1865, President

Lincoln was able to walk through the streets of the former Confederate capital. Richmond had fallen!

Surrender at Appomattox Court House• By April 1865, Grant had surrounded Lee’s Army.• Following the Battle of

Appomattox Court House, Lee realized the situation was hopeless.• On April 9, 1865, Lee formally surrendered at a small Virginia town called Appomattox Court House.• The war was over!

The Toll of War• More lives were lost in the Civil

War than in any other conflict in U.S. history.

• The war costs billions of dollars and left many Southern cities and farms in ruins.

• The North’s victory saved the Union, and it freed millions of African Americans from slavery.

• The end of slavery left many problems unresolved however. How would the Southern states be brought back into the Union, and what would the status of African Americans be in the South?

Major Civil War Battles• Ft. Sumter (1861) – Confederate victory• First Battle of Bull Run (1861) – Confederate victory• Battle of Hampton Roads (1862) – Draw• Battle of Shiloh (1862) – Union victory• Battle of Antietam (1862) – Union victory• Battle of Chancellorsville (1863) – Confederate victory• Siege of Vicksburg (1863) – Union victory• Battle of Gettysburg (1863) – Union victory• Battle of Cold Harbor (1864) – Confederate victory• Fall of Petersburg (1865) – Union victory• Battle of Appomattox Court House (1865) – Union victory

Family History / Primary Source Project• For this assignment, you are to locate somebody on your family tree by

means of a primary source. I personally recommend the 1940 census as it is easy to navigate and it is also accessible free of charge. The 1940 census can be accessed by visiting the following site: www.familysearch.org/1940census.• Once you access the site, you may search for members of your family

tree be entering criteria such as name, marital status, place of residence, gender, race, etc. The more criteria you include in the search, the more narrow and precise your results will be. • Once you have located your family member, you may then click on their

name to view their details as listed in the census. From that screen, you will have the option to “view the document” to see a digitized image of the original 1940 census. This original document is a primary source.

Family History / Primary Source Project• Once you have accessed the digitized image of the

census record, you must print it out so that you may share /present it to the class.• Upon completing your research, you must write a

reflection (minimum of 1-paragraph) on the assignment. In the reflection, you should mention what you learned from the assignment, and what you found to be the most interesting part of the experience.• This assignment is worth 30 points. I will be grading as

follows:• Primary Source Census Record (printed, legible, relevant to

project) – 10 pts.• Presentation (depth of knowledge, historical awareness,

presentation skills) – 10 pts.• Reflection (focus, structure, analytical skills) – 10 pts.

Primary Source Project – due 5/16 (worth 50 points)• For this project, I want you to conduct research and

locate a primary source. Your primary source should be related to either family history or the Civil War.• Family history (examples include census records, marriage

licenses, birth or death certificates, family Bibles, old photographs, etc.)• Civil War (examples include Civil War diaries, journals, letters,

first-hand accounts)• In addition to locating a source, you will need to write a

3-paragraph essay on the source that explains its significance and what you have learned from it.• You will also need to present your source and findings to

the class.

Primary Source Project• I will be grading as follows:• Source (Historical Relevance) – 15 points• Paper – 25 points• Three Paragraphs (5 points each)• Thorough Analysis (10 points)

• Presentation – 10 points