the civil war & reconstruction

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Unit 6 – Spring 2009 THE CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vA6g3O nINsg

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Page 1: The civil war & reconstruction

Unit 6 – Spring 2009

THE CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vA6g3OnINsg

Page 2: The civil war & reconstruction

WHAT DO THESE THINGS HAVE IN COMMON?

Page 3: The civil war & reconstruction

SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES

1619 – first slaves in America arrive at

Jamestown

1652 – Rhode Island outlaws slavery – later

overturned

1664 – Maryland mandates lifelong

service of black slaves

1672 – English Royal Africa Company

given monopoly on slave trade in US

1700 – The Selling of Joseph published –

first anti-slavery book in US

1725 – slave population in colonies

= 75,000Slaves open Baptist

church

1775 – Black patriots fight in the battles of Lexington, Concord and Bunker

Hill

1776 – Jefferson, owner of slaves, drafts

the Declaration of Independence

1783 – Supreme Court of Mass. Abolishes

slavery

3/5 Compromise - Fugitive Slave Act – Missouri Compromise -

Page 4: The civil war & reconstruction

ROOT CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR – GROUP ROLES

Big Picture: what was the main issue? Where did each section stand on the issue?

Major Change: What was the trigger that set off the South in this issue?

Page 5: The civil war & reconstruction
Page 6: The civil war & reconstruction

WORKERS IN NORTH VS. SOUTH

Page 7: The civil war & reconstruction

CIVIL WAR TERMINOLOGY:UNION, NORTH, SOUTH,

REBELS, FREE, SLAVE, LINCOLN, CONFEDERATE,

DAVIS, YANKEES, LEE, GRANT,

Page 8: The civil war & reconstruction

SONGS AT WORK IN NORTH AND SOUTH

Factory (North): 1836 Song Lyrics Sung by Protesting Workers at Lowell:

Oh! isn't it a pity, such a pretty girl as IShould be sent to the factory to pine away and die?Oh! I cannot be a slave, I will not be a slave,For I'm so fond of liberty,That I cannot be a slave.

Plantation (South): Go Down Moses (traditional spiritual):

When Israel was in Egypt's Land:Let my people go.Oppress'd so hard they could not stand,Let my people go

Refrain: Go down Moses'way down in Egypt's landTell ol' Pharaoh,Let my peoples go.

Page 10: The civil war & reconstruction

TAXES (TARIFFS)

United Streaming Video Clip

Page 11: The civil war & reconstruction

STATES RIGHTS

United Streaming Video Clip

Page 12: The civil war & reconstruction

ABOLITIONISTS

United Streaming Video Clip

Page 13: The civil war & reconstruction

A NEW PRESIDENT

United Streaming Video Clip

Page 14: The civil war & reconstruction

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

Popular = What most people want/like

Sovereign – to rule

What would popular sovereignty mean?

Page 15: The civil war & reconstruction

COMPROMISE OF 1850

1. No more Slave trade in DC (but slaves were not illegal)

2. California = free state

3. Territory East of CA = 2 territories (NM and Utah) and were open to slave holders and non slave holders – popular sovereignty would decide if free or slave

4. TX given $10 million to give up land to West and cut back slave land

5. Fugitive Slave Law – runaway slaves must be returned to their masters if found

Main Points of Compromise:

Later passed in 5 separate parts, too hard to pass as one

Page 16: The civil war & reconstruction
Page 17: The civil war & reconstruction

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

Aka: “man-stealing Act”

Giving help to escaping slaves (food, shelter, etc) = federal crime

$1000 fine, 6 mo. Jail, even death: often, Right to trial ignored

Bounty system - Encouraged some people to turn in slaves who were legally freed.

Page 18: The civil war & reconstruction

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

Douglass – (senator from IL) wanted to make 2 new territories, KS and NE, hoped the transcontinental RR would end up there

OVERTURNED MISSOURI COMPROMISE!

Opens territory north of Missouri line

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY! - Says that people in those states will vote on if their state will be free or slave

Abolitionists and Pro-slavery people rush to settle the territory in hopes that their side will win

Page 19: The civil war & reconstruction
Page 20: The civil war & reconstruction

BLEEDING KANSAS – WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?

West: death runs riot – safari video – Struggle for Kansas – 9 min

Page 21: The civil war & reconstruction

QUESTION:

FACTS:

Drinking alcohol under the age of 21 is illegal in the United States

Other countries in Europe do not have a drinking age.

If you go to Europe, could you drink an alcoholic beverage, even though you are an American?

If you buy alcohol while on a vacation in Europe, and you are not 21, can you bring it into the United States when you come home?

Page 22: The civil war & reconstruction

PRESIDENT IN 1856

Stephen Douglass and current president Franklin Pierce were both involved in a lot of controversy because of the Kansas Nebraska Act (ALL DEMOCRATS)

James Buchannan had been away in Europe as an ambassador, and so he made a good candidate for president

When he arrived home, he was elected president, at his inaugural speech he said,

The question of slavery, “belongs to the Supreme Court of the United States, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled.

Page 23: The civil war & reconstruction

DRED SCOTT FACTS:

This is

Dred Scott.

Does he

look like a

“slave?”

•Dred Scott was a slave owned by John Emerson, an Army Doctor from Missouri•Scott was taken all over the United States with his owner, and had lived in Minnesota (a free state) for 2 years.•He sued for his freedom in 1846• His slave owner had died, and Scott had already tried to by he

and his wife’s freedom from his owner’s widow. •This was an 8 year court battle•Scott helped by abolitionists•Scott was bought by an abolitionist – the point was that his new owner wanted him to be free•Scott vs. Sandford, went to the Supreme Court•The Supreme Court Chief Justice had recently freed his own slaves, but believed slavery was critical to the success of America

Page 24: The civil war & reconstruction

DRED SCOTT LOST-

•Supreme Court Voted 7 – 2 against Dred Scott

•Each Supreme Court Justice wrote their own opinion – there are usually only 1 or 2

•Chief Justice said: no black man is a citizen, can not bring a case before a court – Congress never had the right to ban slavery because it deprived people of Life, liberty and property. •Said slaves, like goats, or cows, could be taken anywhere in the U.S.

Page 25: The civil war & reconstruction

LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATES

•Dred Scott Decision actually helped Republicans because so many people were outraged by the Decision that the Democrats pushed for

•Douglass was a major Senator – from Illinois and Abraham Lincoln was challenging him to be a senator (Lincoln was currently in HR)

•Debates were vicious – yelling, questioning, screaming, physical fighting by spectators,

•Lincoln was noticed nationally – and won Senate race

About Lincoln:•Born in KY•Moved to IL•Tried to start a business, failed•Became Post Master•Elected to State Senate – became a lawyer•Elected to HR•Known for strength, loyalty, jokes, and wisdom•NOT AN abolitionist

Page 26: The civil war & reconstruction

THE RAID ON HARPERS FERRY

•Secretary of War received a letter saying that someone was threatening to steal out of the armory in Virginia – it was John Brown

•Brown raided the armory for 2 days, killing the commander of the fort

•Brown and 4 others were captured. Was charged with murder, treason, and inciting insurrection. Trial began 10 days later.

•John Brown sentenced to Hang

•John Wilkes Booth at his hanging

“I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had as I know think the vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed, it might be done.”--from the note Brown left from Death Row

Page 27: The civil war & reconstruction

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN BY HARRIET BEECHER STOWE

Click icon to add picture

Page 28: The civil war & reconstruction

ELECTION OF 1860

Democrats – Selected Stephen Douglass to run

Southern Dem – left the convention and elected John Breckinridge – who favored States Rights (ie Slavery)

Republicans – Selected Lincoln to run

Lincoln won – BUT…he would have lost if the Democrats didn’t have 2 candidates

Lincoln’s name was even left off some ballots in the South

Page 29: The civil war & reconstruction

THE SOUTH LEAVES THE UNION

“We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State and the other States of North America is dissolved…”

--From South Carolina’s “Declaration for the Causes of Secession” 1860

South was devastated that Lincoln won

First state to leave was South Carolina – 1860

6 other states followed: GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX

But none of these states voted to leave the Union

This was decided by their state houses of government --sometimes less than 700 people in the state voted, and only 500 voted to leave the Union.

Page 30: The civil war & reconstruction

JEFFERSON DAVIS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY

On the way to his inauguration, Lincoln finds out Davis is president of Confederacy

Davis way more qualified than Lincoln:

Member of HR – and Senate

Former Sec. of War

Soldier and West Point Graduate

Not really elected as President, more just appointed by some high ranking Southern politicians – later popularly elected to a 6 yr. term

(married to Zachary Taylor’s daughter), Plantation owner – who treated slaves relatively well

Sent delegates to talk to Lincoln’s cabinet about secession – didn’t go well

Page 31: The civil war & reconstruction

WHY DID THE SOUTH SECEDE?

STATES RIGHTS!!!! They thought states had the right to choose to be free or save and they weren’t getting that choice

They felt bullied by the North

They wanted to preserve their way of life, the North was moving forward

Page 32: The civil war & reconstruction

JEFFERSON DAVIS/LINCOLN

You can not transform the negro into anything one-tenth as useful or as good as what slavery enables them to be. –Davis

I will only hold, occupy, and possess installations still under federal control in the Confederacy. --Lincoln

Page 33: The civil war & reconstruction

STATS

North South

People 22 Million (4 mil fighting-aged men)

9 Mil (4 mil Slaves)

Factories 100,000 employing 1.1 mil people

20,000 employing 100,000 people

Rail Road 20,000 miles (96% of the U.S. and more than the rest of the world combined)

9,000 miles (most of their tracks weren’t the same width so trains couldn’t even go across them

Money Banks had 81% of the country’s deposits and $56 mil of gold

No Currency

Page 34: The civil war & reconstruction

RELATIONSHIPS DURING THE CIVIL WAR

Families against families

Colleagues against Colleagues

Students against teachers

Friends against friends

For example…Pierre Beauregard and Robert Anderson

Page 35: The civil war & reconstruction

SHOTS FIRED AT FORT SUMTER

Sumter located off the coast of SC, built during War of 1812, Only 6 weeks left of supplies

Lincoln said he would not provoke an attack by the South, but that he would “hold, occupy, and possess” Federal structures in the South

South appoints Beauregard, (graduated second in his class, studied artillery under the man now head of Ft. Sumter)

Two smaller forts had been captured already by the South (Buchannan did nothing to stop them)

Lincoln decided to send more supplies, and let the Gov. of SC know they were on their way

Page 36: The civil war & reconstruction

SUMTER CONT.

Gen. at Sumter said he would leave on April 15, but on April 12, first shots fired by Confederacy – surrendered on April 13, no causalities

Lincoln asked for 75,000 Union army volunteers for 3 months to fight Confederacy, this prompted 4 more states to succeed.

Page 37: The civil war & reconstruction

ROBERT E. LEE AND THE ARMY

From one of Virginia’s most influential families, had family members at Constitutional Convention, sign the Dec of Independence, and an ambassador to France during the Revolution, dad in Washington’s Army, graduated 2nd at West Point, married Martha Washington’s granddaughter

Stopped John Brown at Harpers Ferry

Torn between duty and home - didn’t know if he should stay in the US Army or fight for the Confederacy

First loyal to Virginia, then to US

One of the best generals in World History

Tomb at Washington –Lee University in Lexington, VA

Duty is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less. --Lee

Page 38: The civil war & reconstruction

BULL RUN

First major campaign of the Civil War – July 21, 1861 OBJ: Union march to Richmond Virginia and take over the Confederate

capital Problem: both sides very inexperienced Union marched south, initially winning, but eventually pushed back by

Confederacy Confederate soldiers, AKA Rebels, started the “Rebel Yell” scream,

scared Union Soldiers who retreated to the North Both sides too tired to keep fighting – General Thomas Jackson (Conf)

stood tall, didn’t waver, became known as Stonewall Jackson Confederate Victory Union casualties and losses: 2,896 (406 deaths, 1,124 wounded 1,312

captured or missing) Confederate casualties and losses: 1, 982 (387 deaths, 1582 wounded

13 missing)

No! not that kind of Bull Run – the North named battles after water – the South named battles after Landmarks – they knew the territory better

Page 39: The civil war & reconstruction

AFTER BULL RUN

Union freaked out, realized this would be harder than expected

Lincoln order a blockade on Southern ports

North won some small battles

Battle of Shiloh – 20,000 deaths total (both sides) but Union barely won

South wins at Richmond

Page 40: The civil war & reconstruction

UNION CHANGES GENERALS ROUND 1

McClellan gets replaced by Pope, then Pope gets replaced by McClellan

Burnside will eventually get replaced by Hooker

Page 41: The civil war & reconstruction

ANTIETAM(SHARPSBURG)

Sept. 17, 1862 - To this day, the bloodiest day ever fought by American Soldiers –

South started winning – ready to go on the offensive – Jefferson Davis ordered Gen. Lee to march on Maryland – hoped to win and eventually get help from France and GB

Lee took troops to MD – McCellan took 80,000 Union troops too – Union found Lee’s orders in the fields – knew exactly where Conf. troops were and their plans

Union - 12,401 (2,108 killed

9,540 wounded 753 captured/missing) - Confederacy - 10,316 (1,546 killed 7,752 wounded 1,018 captured/missing) - South retreats Union Victory

But Lincoln ordered McClellen to follow Confederacy and attack again – he didn’t – HE COULD HAVE ENDEd THE WAR THEN, BUT DIDN’!!

This battle lead Lincoln to start taking action against slavery – Set for Emancipation

The Civil War: Forever Free - Safari

Here is a paper with which, if I can not whip Bobby Lee, I will be willing to go home.

--McClellan

Page 42: The civil war & reconstruction

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Objective: to create the front page of a newspaper headlining the Battle at Antietam.

How: use notes from class, your text book (pg 471-472/492-3), or www.nps.gov/anti for information about the battle

You MUST Include the following things in your article: Newspaper title (there would be a big difference

between a newspaper in NY and a news paper in VA) Date Headline Byline Picture 3 paragraph article that includes the Who, what,

when, where, and whys of the battle – make sure all of your paragraphs are strong hamburger format

EMAIL ME YOUR FINAL PROJECT:[email protected] 25 points total

Page 43: The civil war & reconstruction

REVIEW

United States of America

Broke off- Confederate States

of America

South, Confederacy, Rebels, Davis, Robert E. Lee

United States of America

North, Union, Yankees, Lincoln,

McClellan, Burnside

Page 44: The civil war & reconstruction

BAV = EMANCIPATE

To free; to release; to let go

Synonym or antonym:CaptureLiberateUntieHold

Page 45: The civil war & reconstruction

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

Lincoln wanted to free slaves, but waited until he knew that the North was stable

After Antietam, decided timing was right

Made a speech – 9/22/18963 – Signed 1/1/1863

What did it do? “all persons held as slaves within any state in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”

Pros of EP Cons of EP

Slaves help Confederacy – now they have less to fight

May isolate Border States

France/GB less likely to help Confed.

Not all Northerners wanted to free slaves

Page 46: The civil war & reconstruction

DID IT WORK?

Only applied to the Confederacy – so it didn’t actually free anyone – North couldn’t enforce it

Some freed slaves came to north to fight in the army/navy

Led to the 13th Amendment – passed in 1864 –

But – majority of African Americans in the South were still slaves

South did not get help from France/GB

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2c_BvVBd-Q&feature=related

Page 47: The civil war & reconstruction

PROBLEMS IN THE UNION

Northern Republicans split over Lincoln’s policies - Some helped the South

Lincoln did not always acknowledge some basic human rights

Draft – March 1863 (hire substitute or pay $300)

Borrowed $, taxes, Inflation (prices go up more than value of the dollar)

Fired Burnside, replaced with Hooker, fired Hooker before Gettysburg

Overall, North factories and RR did well, made $

Page 48: The civil war & reconstruction

PROBLEMS IN THE CONFEDERACY

Draft in 1862 – not enough volunteers (but you could hire a substitute)

Battles in South – ruined farmland

Blockade closed trade ports – lost $

Inflation – prices rose 9000% (only rose 80% in N)

Men deserted the Army

Page 49: The civil war & reconstruction

GETTYSBURG

July 1-4, 1863

Lee moved North with 75,000 troops

Meade (north) was to find Lee and protect DC and Baltimore from attack

Met by accident at Gettysburg, PA

Battle lasted 3 days

Union Victory – Union - 23,055 (3,155 killed 14,531 wounded 5,369 captured/missing)

Confederacy: 23,231 (4,708 killed 12,693 wounded 5,830 captured/missing)

Significance: last major battle for the Confederacy to loose – major turning point for the North

Page 50: The civil war & reconstruction

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

“It is for us the living…to be here dedicated to this great task remaining before us…that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”

--Abraham Lincoln

Page 51: The civil war & reconstruction

VICKSBURG

Ulysses S. Grant – led troops for the North at Vicksburg

May 18-July 4, 1863 (happened the same time as Gettysburg)

Union casulaities: 4,835

Confederacy casualities: 32,697 (29,495 surrendered)

Significance: Union won Control of the Mississippi River, one of the last major resources the South had – cut the south in half, not able to function

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Page 53: The civil war & reconstruction

APPOMATTOX

Lee’s troops surrounded - lose at the battle at Richmond to Grant

Lee realizes he must surrender –

April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house in VA

Grant is generous – lets them keep horses, sends soldiers home, orders food for Lee’s troops

Jefferson Davis Captured on May 10 – war finally over

“There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant, and I

would rather die a

thousand deaths.”

–Robert E. Lee

Page 54: The civil war & reconstruction

WHAT DO WE DO NOW?

How should they put the United States back together again?

What were some of the consequences of the civil war? LT #16Issue North South

Economic

Political

Social

Page 55: The civil war & reconstruction

RECONSTRUCTION

RE- Construct-

Page 56: The civil war & reconstruction

AMENDMENTS #11-15

Amendment Grants…

13

14

15

Page 57: The civil war & reconstruction

WHAT IS RECONSTRUCTION?

1865-1877

U.S. needed to be put back together – reconstruction are the different plans and ways that actually happened

Who should be punished? What rights should African Americans have? Should the South have help financially?

Page 58: The civil war & reconstruction

WADE-DAVIS BILL

Idea for reconstruction – but Lincoln didn’t sign it – NOT made a law

1. Majority of all white males in the state had to swear loyalty to the US

2. State Constitution written by men who did not fight against the North

3. Confederates could not hold office

4. New state constitution must abolish slavery

Page 59: The civil war & reconstruction

LINCOLN ASSASSINATED

5 days after Lee surrendered

At Ford theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth

Booth ran away, was caught 12 days later, shot to death

Part of a conspiracy to kill U.S. leaders – 4 others hanged and 4 imprisoned

This was devistating to people in the Union, and those in the South who worried about how Andrew Johnson would handle it …

Page 60: The civil war & reconstruction

COINCIDENCE?

Lincoln KennedyLincoln was elected to Congress in 1846 Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946

He was elected President in 1860 He was elected President in 1960

His wife lost a child while living in the White House His wife lost a child while living in the White House

He was directly concerned with Civil Rights He was directly concerned with Civil RightsLincoln had a secretary named Kennedy who told him

not to go to the theater *1Kennedy had a secretary named Lincoln who told him

not to go to Dallas *2

Lincoln was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife

Kennedy was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife

Lincoln shot in the Ford Theatre Kennedy shot in a Lincoln, made by FordHe was shot on a Friday He was shot on a Friday

The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters

The assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters

Booth shot Lincoln in a theater and fled to a warehouse *3

Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theater

Booth was killed before being brought to trial Oswald was killed before being brought to trialThere were theories that Booth was part of a greater

conspiracyThere were theories that Oswald was part of a

greater conspiracy

Lincoln's successor was Andrew Johnson, born in 1808 Kennedy's successor was Lyndon Johnson, born in 1908

Page 61: The civil war & reconstruction

POST LINCOLN

Andrew Johnson becomes president – plan called “restoration”

Wanted to punish slaveholders, didn’t care about helping former slaves

Didn’t give African Am. the right to vote, “white men alone must manage the South”

Impeached for firing a member of his cabinet without the approval of Congress, he didn’t follow checks and balances.

Page 62: The civil war & reconstruction

RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1867

Once states passed the 13th and 14th amendments, they were able to begin to be readmitted into the union

Submit new state constitution, vote, military districts, etc.

Tenure of Office Act (1867)– president can not remove anyone from Cabinet w/o Senate’s approval

Johnson fired Secretary of War when Congress was not in session, they did not approve – Johnson removed him anyway

HR accused him of misconduct – trial by the Senate – 35 – 19, not formally convicted. Never actually removed from office

Election of 1868 – Ulysses S. Grant wins

Page 63: The civil war & reconstruction

LIFE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

Literacy Test –

Poll Tax –

Tenant Farming –

Jim Crowe Laws –

Freedman’s Bureau –

Black Code –

Scalawaygs and Carpetbaggers –

Amnesty Act –

Page 64: The civil war & reconstruction

WAS RECONSTRUCTION SUCCESSFUL?

Arguments for the Affirmative Arguments for the Negative