A MESSAGE comes from somewhere and leads somewhere

The two point of prominence of English Clause: the beginning and the end The beginning : is where we put information which links the clause to what has come before

e.g. We find conjunctions at the beginning of clauses because they provide a logical link with what has gone before We also find information about the topic of the clause, what the clause is about The topical information is also related to something which has been introduced earlier in a text or is retrievable from the context

THEME Is what the clause is going to be aboutthis is what I’m talking about

Looking backwards, relating the current message to what has gone before

RHEME this is what I’m saying about

Pointing both backwards and forwards by picking up on information which is already available and adding to it and by presenting information which was not there before

I come from down town in the valley

THEME RHEME

Ideational/ Topical is usually but not always the first nominal group in the clause

Topical Theme may also be nominal group complexes, adverbial groups, prepositional phrase or embedded clauses

In the unmarked case, the Topical Theme is also subject

A Topical Theme which is not the Subject is called a Marked Topical Theme

Nominal group as Theme Jack went up the hill

Theme RhemeNominal group complex Jack and Jill went up the hill

Theme RhemeEmbedded clause ((what jack and Jill did)) was going up the

hillTheme Rheme

Adverbial Down Jack fell

Theme RhemePrepositional phrase Up the hill Jack and Jill went

Theme Rhemecomplement His crown he broke

Theme Rheme

Relate the clause to its context◦ Conjunctive / Conjuntive adjunct ( free to move in

a clause )◦ Conjunction ( at the beginning ) the procedur was simplebut, nevertheless was very effectivethe procedur was simple but, was nevertheless very effectivethe procedur was simple but, was very effective nevertheless

Conjunctions tend to provide Textual Theme within a clause complex

Conjunctive Adjuncts tend to (but don’t always) join text outside of clause complex◦ Continuatives are small set of items which, if

they are there, are always at the beginning of the clause and signal that a new move is beginning : well, right, OK, now, anyway, of course

Modal adjunctPerhaps we can wait until next weekModal Topicalinterp.

Vocatives ( name, nick name used to address someone)Dearly beloved we are gathered here todayvocative topicalMary, we decided to wait until next weekvocative topicalMary decided to wait until next weektopical

If the dependent clause comes firstthemethen it is the Theme for the whole Clause ComplexRheme

If the dependent clause comes firststr topicalTheme Rheme

Themethen it is the theme for the whole Clause complexstr topicalTheme Rheme

Rheme

Occur in certain identifying where theme and Rheme are equated with each other. They always involve nominalisation

What we wanted to do was wait until next weekTheme Rheme

take the formIt + be + . . . .

It was the lecturer ((who made the decision))

Theme Rheme Theme Rheme Theme Rheme

It was suggested ((that they wait))Theme Rheme Str Topical

Theme RhemeTheme Rheme

Did we decide to wait?

On Saturday will you be going?

What time is the exam? Who are you trying to kid?

fin Subj Rheme

Theme

Topical Rheme

Theme

Theme Rheme

Write your name in the upper right hand corner

Write your name in the upper right hand corner

Rheme

Theme

Rheme

What a beautiful day it is

How divinely he dances

Theme Rheme

Theme Rheme

Textual

Interpersonal

Ideational

Continuative (Well, OK, etc)Structural (Conjunction / Wh-relative)Conjunctive (adjunct)Modal (adjunct)FiniteWh-interrogativeTopical (Subject Component)Or Circumstantial Adjunct

Note: Wh-relatives and Interrogative are also topical element

Metafunction Components of Theme

I ‘m getting tired of you Th New

You ‘re getting tired of me Th New

It ‘s the final act of our little tragedy

Th New

Make an analysis on MOOD, TRANSITIVITY AND THEME-RHEME

Find the text of your own consisting of at least 4 paragraphs (don’ forget to include the source where you find the text)

Give comment to the analysis you make◦ The structure of the work

Cover with IKIP logo The text The analysis The comment on the three points (MOOD,

TRANSITIVITY and THEME-RHEME