the climate, community & biodiversity standards
DESCRIPTION
The Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards. When, why and how to use CCB Standards Joanna Durbin Director, Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance. Land-based Options for Mitigating Climate Change. Reducing carbon emissions by: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards
When, why and how to use CCB Standards
Joanna Durbin
Director, Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance
Land-based Options for Mitigating Climate Change
Reducing carbon emissions by:- Preventing or reducing deforestation
or other carbon-rich natural habitat conversion
- Improving soil management & reduced nitrogen fertilizer use
Increasing carbon uptake through:- Reforestation, afforestation and
forest restoration- Improved forest management- Integration of trees into agricultural
systems (agro-forestry)
Negative Clearance of natural
ecosystems Threats to endangered species Reduced water
regulation/quality Loss of natural pollination Exclusion from land and
resources Non-respect of customary
tenure/rights New influences (immigration,
revenues, power) can degrade traditions and cause social conflicts
Land-based carbon activities have great potential impact on people and
biodiversity
Positive
Watershed & soil protection Agricultural productivity
enhancement Employment or new
livelihoods Revenue sharing Biodiversity conservation Continued use of forest
products Maintenance of traditional
livelihoods and culture
Land-based carbon activities have great potential impact on people and
biodiversity
The Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance
Alliance Members
Advisors Mission: To catalyze the creation of a robust, global carbon market for land-based activities that simultaneously benefit the global climate, local communities and biodiversity
Baselines & Additionality careful site selection
Measurement & Monitoring apply best practices
Offsite impacts (leakage) build in sustainable livelihoods
Permanence long-term management, community incentives, buffers
Negative tradeoffs design for multiple-benefits
Project design and implementation is key
Two-Year International Stakeholder Process
• Public and expert comments
• Field testing- Tanzania - Peru
- Bolivia - Ecuador
- Indonesia - Scotland
• Independent peer review– ICRAF– CATIE– CIFOR
• First Edition released May 2005
• Translated into Chinese, French and Spanish
• Further revisions are planned
-CCB Standards are applied up front
-Identify and validate high quality project design
-Encourage sensitive and integrated design to generate positive social and biodiversity impact
-Stimulate investment in project development and ex-ante carbon
-AND attract investors interested in multiple benefits
-Stimulate investor preference/potential price premium
-Attract co-funding for community and biodiversity benefits eg from Govts, overseas development assistance, NGOs,
CCB Standards are project design standards
Baselines & Additionality
How can high quality project design and multiple-benefits reassure an investor?
Additionality – many multiple-benefit projects are not entirely commercially driven thus would not make economic sense without carbon funding
Leakage – building sustainable livelihoods around project site reduces risks of shifting destructive practices elsewhere, off-site impacts must be defined and monitored
Permanence – ecological stability & community incentives increase prospects for durability, and buffers can be employed as insurance against loss
CCBS build confidence in forest carbon
Baselines & Additionality community and biodiversity impacts are clarified - Baselines, methodologies, expected impacts and monitoring plans
Why would investors be interested in additional benefits?
Avoid negative social/environmental impacts
Community incentives and sustainable landscapes can help reduce risks to carbon of permanence and leakage
Marketing ‘story’
Multiple objectives for corporate social responsibility to appeal to consumers/staff/regulators,
Can improve credentials to enable greater access or license to operate
CCBS demonstrate community and biodiversity benefits
The Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards
• Independent 3rd party validation
G1. Original Conditions at Project Site Required
G2. Baseline Projections Required
G3. Project Design & Goals Required
G4. Management Capacity Required
G5. Land Tenure Required
G6. Legal Status Required
G7. Adaptive Management for Sustainability 1 point
G8. Knowledge Dissemination 1 point
General CriteriaGeneral CriteriaGeneral criteria
C1. Net Positive Climate ImpactsRequired
C2. Offsite Climate Impacts (“Leakage”)Required
C3. Climate Impact Monitoring Required
C4. Adapting to Climate Change & Variability 1 point
C5. Carbon Benefits Withheld from Reg. Markets 1 point
Climate CriteriaClimate CriteriaClimate criteria
Climate CriteriaClimate CriteriaC1. Net Positive Climate Impacts Required
ConceptThe project must generate net positive impacts on atmospheric concentrations of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) within the project boundaries and over the project lifetime.
Indicators
1) Use the methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Good Practice Guidance (IPCC GPG) to estimate the net change in carbon stocks due to the project activities. The net change is equal to carbon stock changes with the project minus carbon stock changes without the project (the latter having been estimated in G2). Alternatively, any methodology approved by the CDM Executive Board may be used. This estimate must be based on clearly defined and defendable assumptions about how project activities will alter carbon stocks and non-CO2 GHG emissions over the duration of the project or the project accounting period.
2) Factor in the non-CO2 gases CH4 and N2O to the net change calculations (above) if they are likely to account for more than 15% (in terms of CO2 equivalents) of the project’s overall GHG impact.
3) Demonstrate that the net climate impact of the project (including changes in carbon stocks, and non-CO2 gases where appropriate) will give a positive result in terms of overall GHG benefits delivered.
CM1. Net Positive Community Impacts Required
CM2. Offsite Community ImpactsRequired
CM3. Community Impact MonitoringRequired
CM4. Capacity Building 1 point
CM5. Best Practices in Community Involvement 1 point
Community CriteriaCommunity CriteriaCommunity criteria
Community CriteriaCommunity CriteriaCM3. Community Impact Monitoring Required
ConceptThe project proponents must have an initial monitoring plan to quantify and
document changes in social and economic wellbeing resulting from the project activities (within and outside the project boundaries). The monitoring plan should indicate which measurements will likely be taken and which sampling strategy will be used to determine how the project affects social and economic wellbeing. Since developing a full community-monitoring plan can be costly, it is accepted that some of the plan details may not be fully defined at the design stage, when projects are being evaluated by the CCB Standards. This will especially be true for small-scale projects.
Indicators 1) Have an initial plan for how they will select community variables to
be monitored, and the frequency of monitoring. Potential variables include income, health, roads, schools, food security, education and inequality. Community variables at risk of being negatively impacted by project activities should be monitored.
B1. Net Positive Biodiversity Impacts Required
B2. Offsite Biodiversity Impacts Required
B3. Biodiversity Impact MonitoringRequired
B4. Native Species Use 1 point
B5. Water & Soil Resource Enhancement 1 point
Biodiversity CriteriaBiodiversity CriteriaBiodiversity criteria
The CCB Standards - validation procedure
1. Internal desk review
2. Contract 3rd party validator (CDM or FSC accredited) and provide docs
3. PDD and supporting docs posted to CCBA website for 21 day public comment period
4. Validator site visit
5. Audit report – may require changes to PDD or further documentation
6. Improved PDD/documents submitted as required
7. Validator issues statement of compliance and level (approved, silver or gold)
The CCB Standards – progress on adoption
Project Development: – Two projects validated: Tengchong and Panama– Five posted for public comment; Tanzania, India,
UK, Indonesia, Nicaragua– Around 80 projects planning to use CCBS– Represents estimated vast majority AFOLU under
devpt– CCBS covers all AFOLU: A/R, AD, and forest
management– Useful for voluntary and regulatory markets
Demand:– Major portfolio investors: World Bank BioCF,
EcoSecurities– Carbon retailers (e.g., Carbon Neutral Company,
The CarbonFund, 3 degrees, 3C)– Major corporations + carbon tenders: Dell, Mariott,
Ricoh, – 54% prefer CCB projects, 40% willing to pay
premium– $1-2/tonne premium– $5-15/tonne CO2 equivalent – Currently greater demand than supply for CCB
carbon
Enables ex-post carbon sales
Carbon verification standard
Timeline for application of CCB Standards
CCBS
Project Design Phase Project Implementation
CCBS Validation enables ex-ante carbon sales and up front investment to implement project
CCBS
Verifies that project has been implemented according to design, verifies monitoring reports of carbon, community and biodiversity benefits, validates adaptation of project design
5 years
~5-10 years for restoration,~1-5 years for RED before sufficient carbon benefits on ground to verify
Description Project types – includes land-
based?
Carbon verification
Environmental and social benefits
Geographical reach
CCBS Multiple-benefit project design standard
All land-based projects
No Yes Global
VCS Carbon verification standard for voluntary market
All types carbon offset
Yes No Global
Gold Standard
Multiple-benefit project design standard
Energy only In development
Yes Global
CDM Kyoto-compliant scheme
Includes A/R Yes - VERs No Developing countries
CCX Internal system for CCX offset projects
Includes A/R and AD
Yes ? Global
Plan Vivo Project development support for multiple-benefit
Community-based agro-forestry
Yes Yes Global (3 projects to date)
Greenhouse Friendly
Certification for offsets and carbon neutral
All land-based projects
Yes No Australia
CCAR A registry protocol Forestry Yes No California
VER+ Certification for offsets, carbon neutral
All land-based projects
Yes No Global
Social Carbon
Methodology and certification for multiple-benefit land-based project
All land-based projects
In development
Yes (more social)
South America and Portugal to date
• Promote excellence and innovation in project design
• Identify projects that simultaneously address climate change, support local communities and conserve biodiversity
• Provide investors with risk management tool
• Enhance the credibility of carbon forestry sector
• Facilitate bundling and stacking of PES
The Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards
More information available from…
www.climate-standards.org
Joanna DurbinDirector, CCBA
Email: [email protected] Cell: + 1 703 623 4441