the coast guard and u.s. life-saving service
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The Coast Guard and U.S. Life-Saving Service. Danger Lighthouse keepers and volunteers Insufficient. Life-Saving in Early America. Founded in 1785 Shelters for shipwrecked mariners 1787: “Houses of Refuge” Small sheds Lovell’s Island. Massachusetts Humane Society. Dr. John Warren - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Coast Guard and U.S.The Coast Guard and U.S.Life-Saving ServiceLife-Saving Service
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Life-Saving in Early AmericaLife-Saving in Early America
DangerDanger Lighthouse keepers and volunteers Lighthouse keepers and volunteers InsufficientInsufficient
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Massachusetts Humane SocietyMassachusetts Humane Society
Founded in 1785 Founded in 1785 Shelters for Shelters for
shipwrecked shipwrecked marinersmariners
1787: “Houses of 1787: “Houses of Refuge” Refuge”
Small shedsSmall sheds Lovell’s IslandLovell’s Island
Dr. John Warren
One of the founders and initial trustees of the Massachusetts Humane Society
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Early ProblemsEarly Problems
Stations only Stations only near busy portsnear busy ports
Large gaps of Large gaps of coastline coastline
Not manned nor Not manned nor maintainedmaintained
Theft and Theft and vandalismvandalism
No BoatsNo Boats M.H.S. House of Refuge
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Making ImprovementsMaking Improvements
Society began using small boats Society began using small boats British developed “lifeboats”British developed “lifeboats” William RaymondWilliam Raymond 30-feet long, 11 crewmen30-feet long, 11 crewmen First lifeboat station at Cohasset, Mass.First lifeboat station at Cohasset, Mass.
Boston,
1800
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Additional MeasuresAdditional Measures
First government First government directive directive
1831: 1831: GallatinGallatin 1837: 1837:
Congressional Congressional authorization to authorization to searchsearch
Rescue on the high Rescue on the high seasseas
Responsibility and Responsibility and MeansMeans
U.S. Revenue Cutter Gallatin
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
William A. NewellWilliam A. Newell Congressman from Congressman from
New JerseyNew Jersey 14 August 1848: 14 August 1848:
Congress Congress appropriates $10,000appropriates $10,000
““surfboats, rockets, surfboats, rockets, carronades…”carronades…”
Limited to New Limited to New JerseyJersey
New Jersey coast
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Douglas OttingerDouglas Ottinger Captain in Captain in
Revenue Marine Revenue Marine Interested in Interested in
lifesavinglifesaving Established 8 Established 8
stations with stations with equipmentequipment
12 January 1850: 12 January 1850: AyrshireAyrshire rescue rescue
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Steps toward a National Steps toward a National Life-Saving ServiceLife-Saving Service
Winter of 1870-71: Winter of 1870-71: Public OutcryPublic Outcry
20 April 187120 April 1871 Paid surfmen and Paid surfmen and
more stationsmore stations Captain John FaunceCaptain John Faunce Report on the state of Report on the state of
life-savinglife-saving
Captain John Faunce
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Establishment of the United States Establishment of the United States Life-Saving ServiceLife-Saving Service
4 June 1878: U.S. Rep. 4 June 1878: U.S. Rep. Samuel S. Cox Samuel S. Cox
18 June 1878: Congress 18 June 1878: Congress passes the legislation passes the legislation creating the USLSScreating the USLSS
President Hayes President Hayes nominates Kimballnominates Kimball
Congress approvesCongress approves
President Rutherford B. Hayes
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Sumner Increase KimballSumner Increase Kimball
Appointed to Appointed to Treasury Treasury DepartmentDepartment
1871: Director of 1871: Director of Revenue MarineRevenue Marine
Founding father of Founding father of the U.S. life-Saving the U.S. life-Saving ServiceService
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Life-Saving EquipmentLife-Saving Equipment Beach ApparatusBeach Apparatus Beach CartBeach Cart Boats: Lifeboat & SurfboatBoats: Lifeboat & Surfboat Cork LifebeltCork Lifebelt Heaving Stick and LineHeaving Stick and Line Lyle Gun & Faking BoxLyle Gun & Faking Box Breeches BuoyBreeches Buoy LifecarLifecar Coston FlareCoston Flare
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Beach ApparatusBeach Apparatus
Used to get rescue lines to the wrecksUsed to get rescue lines to the wrecks
Beach Apparatus all laid out
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Beach CartBeach Cart
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
BoatsBoats
LifeboatLifeboat
SurfboatSurfboat
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Launching LifeboatsLaunching Lifeboats
Ramp-LaunchedRamp-Launched
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Launching SurfboatsLaunching Surfboats
From the BeachFrom the Beach
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Coston FlareCoston Flare
Benjamin Coston Benjamin Coston Martha Coston Martha Coston Adopted by the Adopted by the
US Navy US Navy Every USLSS Every USLSS
station equipped station equipped Helped save Helped save
thousandsthousands
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Heaving Stick and LineHeaving Stick and Line
Short-stick with oval Short-stick with oval weightweight
Surfman threw itSurfman threw it Proved inadequate Proved inadequate
for shore-based for shore-based rescuesrescues
Alternative was Alternative was neededneeded
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
The Lyle GunThe Lyle Gun David A. Lyle, U.S. David A. Lyle, U.S.
Army.Army. Improved designImproved design
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Firing the Lyle GunFiring the Lyle Gun
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Faking BoxFaking Box
ShotlineShotline
Surfmen stringing the shotline in the faking box Completed faking box
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
The LifecarThe Lifecar
Joseph Francis invented the lifecarJoseph Francis invented the lifecar Carried up to 6 peopleCarried up to 6 people Used until 1899Used until 1899
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Breeches BuoyBreeches Buoy
Crewmen Training with the Breeches Buoy
Breeches Bouy in Action
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Uniforms of the ServiceUniforms of the Service
USLSS station keeper USLSS surfman
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
USLSS Uniform VariationsUSLSS Uniform Variations
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Cork LifebeltCork Lifebelt
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Foul Weather GearFoul Weather Gear
Gear for conducting rescues
On Beach Patrol
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Life-Saving StationsLife-Saving Stations
Equipment storage area at an unidentified station
Surfmen entertaining themselves at their station
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
USLSS Stations in New EnglandUSLSS Stations in New England
Different views of the Life-Saving Station at Narragansett, Rhode Island
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Floating Life-Saving StationFloating Life-Saving Station
Floating station at Louisville, Kentucky
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Life-Saving Stations in the CarolinasLife-Saving Stations in the Carolinas
Bogue Inlet, North Carolina
Currituck, North Carolina
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
House of Refuge in FloridaHouse of Refuge in Florida
U.S.L.S.S. House of Refuge at Indian River Inlet, Florida
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Lifesaving MedalsLifesaving Medals
Gold Lifesaving MedalGold Lifesaving Medal Silver Lifesaving MedalSilver Lifesaving Medal
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Rasmus S. MidgettRasmus S. Midgett Gull Island Life-Saving Gull Island Life-Saving
StationStation 18 August 1899: He single-18 August 1899: He single-
handedly rescues ten peoplehandedly rescues ten people Awarded Gold Lifesaving Awarded Gold Lifesaving
MedalMedal
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Pea Island StationPea Island Station Pea Island on the Pea Island on the
Outer BanksOuter Banks African-American African-American
crewcrew 11 October 1896: 11 October 1896:
E.S. NewmanE.S. Newman 5 March 1996: Pea 5 March 1996: Pea
Island receives Island receives Gold Lifesaving Gold Lifesaving MedalMedal
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
USLSS & the Wright Brothers USLSS & the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawkat Kitty Hawk
Kill Devil Hills Kill Devil Hills Station assists Station assists with first flightwith first flight
Surfman J.T. Surfman J.T. DanielsDaniels
Crew assisted Crew assisted with subsequent with subsequent flightsflights
Kill Devil Hills Station crewmen
First Flight of the Wright Brothers’ Flyer
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
John C. Cullen & Operation John C. Cullen & Operation PastoriusPastorius
13 June 1942: 13 June 1942: Nazi team lands Nazi team lands on Long Island on Long Island beachbeach
Beach patrolman Beach patrolman John Cullen foils John Cullen foils Nazi saboteursNazi saboteurs
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
End of the USLSSEnd of the USLSS 20 January 1915: An "Act to Create the Coast Guard"20 January 1915: An "Act to Create the Coast Guard" Combines the U.S. Life-Saving Service and the Combines the U.S. Life-Saving Service and the
Revenue Cutter ServiceRevenue Cutter Service 28 January 1915: Woodrow Wilson signs into law 28 January 1915: Woodrow Wilson signs into law U.S. Coast Guard createdU.S. Coast Guard created
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
Today’s Coast GuardToday’s Coast Guard
•40,000 Active Duty•8,000 Reservists•6,000 Civilians•35,000 Auxiliarists
255 Cutters (65’ - 420’)
140 Helicopters
1,700 Small Boats
55 Fixed Wing
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD
What the USCG is Doing: What the USCG is Doing: Right Now, Every DayRight Now, Every Day
Multi-mission
Multi-mission
Military Cargo
Port Security
Fisheries
Search & Rescue
Migrant Ops
Monitoring Cargo
Force Protection
Ice Breaking
Counter Drug
Prisoner Ops
AT-FP
CENTCOM EUCOM
Polar Ice Breaking
International fisheries
Search & Rescue
Counter DrugMigrant Ops
HI
U. S. COAST GUARDU. S. COAST GUARD