The Cold War (1943-1991)The Cold War (1943-1991)

Origins of the ConflictOrigins of the Conflict

Ideological confrontation (communism Ideological confrontation (communism and capitalism, democracy and and capitalism, democracy and dictatorship)dictatorship)

Allied support for White armies in Allied support for White armies in Russian Civil War (1919-1921)Russian Civil War (1919-1921)

The Allied invasion of Italy (1943)The Allied invasion of Italy (1943) The Iron Curtain and Soviet post-WWII The Iron Curtain and Soviet post-WWII

buffer statesbuffer states Hiroshima and Soviet fear of the atom Hiroshima and Soviet fear of the atom

bomb bomb

Characteristics of the Cold WarCharacteristics of the Cold War

United States and the Soviet Union lead United States and the Soviet Union lead global alliances (The Superpowers)global alliances (The Superpowers)

Global proxy warsGlobal proxy wars Propaganda (USIA, VOA, Radio Moscow, Propaganda (USIA, VOA, Radio Moscow,

Cominform)Cominform) Military alliances of 1949 (NATO and the Military alliances of 1949 (NATO and the

Warsaw Pact)Warsaw Pact) Espionage (CIA and KGB)Espionage (CIA and KGB) The arms race and the Balance of TerrorThe arms race and the Balance of Terror

American Global Leadership American Global Leadership

against Communism against Communism British and French overextended British and French overextended

Containment policy (1947) and the Containment policy (1947) and the Domino TheoryDomino Theory

The Marshall (1948) and Dodge Plans The Marshall (1948) and Dodge Plans (23 billion to finance economic (23 billion to finance economic recovery)recovery)

The NATO alliance (1949)The NATO alliance (1949)

Containment Theory in PracticeContainment Theory in Practice

American intervention in Korea American intervention in Korea (1950-1953)(1950-1953)

The conflict in Vietnam (1959-1973)The conflict in Vietnam (1959-1973)

Some Major Events of the Cold Some Major Events of the Cold WarWar

The Berlin Airlift and the cancellation of The Berlin Airlift and the cancellation of free elections in Czechoslovakia (1948)free elections in Czechoslovakia (1948)

The fall of China to the Communists (1949)The fall of China to the Communists (1949) The Soviet atom bomb detonation (1949)The Soviet atom bomb detonation (1949) Sputnik (1957) and Gagarin’s orbit (1961)Sputnik (1957) and Gagarin’s orbit (1961)

Soviet military invasionsSoviet military invasions• Imre Nagy and Hungarian democracy (1956)Imre Nagy and Hungarian democracy (1956)• Czechoslavakia and the Prague Spring (1968)Czechoslavakia and the Prague Spring (1968)• Afghanistan and the Islamic resistance (1979)Afghanistan and the Islamic resistance (1979)• Polish Solidarity Movement crushed (1980)Polish Solidarity Movement crushed (1980)

The Bay of Pigs (1961) and the Cuban The Bay of Pigs (1961) and the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Missile Crisis (1962)

The Fall of the USSR and the End The Fall of the USSR and the End of the Cold War (1991)of the Cold War (1991)

Mikhail Gorbachev in power (1985)Mikhail Gorbachev in power (1985) PerestroikaPerestroika and and GlasnostGlasnost The revolutions of Eastern Europe and The revolutions of Eastern Europe and

German reunification (1989-1990)German reunification (1989-1990) The Fall of the Soviet Union (1991)The Fall of the Soviet Union (1991)

• Economic stagnationEconomic stagnation• Rising expectationsRising expectations• Guns vs. butterGuns vs. butter• Ethnic nationalismEthnic nationalism• The failed August coup attempt and the rise of The failed August coup attempt and the rise of

Boris YeltsinBoris Yeltsin The Velvet Revolution (1993)The Velvet Revolution (1993)