the cold war: 1945-1991
DESCRIPTION
The Cold War: 1945-1991. The freeze begins between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R…. COLD WAR. THE STATE OF HOSTILITY WITHOUT __________ CONFLICT, THAT DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE __________ AFTER WORLD WAR II. The Ideological Struggle. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Cold War:1945-1991
The Cold War:1945-1991
The freeze begins between the The freeze begins between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R…U.S. and the U.S.S.R…
The freeze begins between the The freeze begins between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R…U.S. and the U.S.S.R…
COLD WAR
THE STATE OF HOSTILITY WITHOUT __________ CONFLICT, THAT DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE __________ AFTER WORLD WAR II.
The Ideological StruggleThe Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations[“Iron
Curtain”]-
____________
US & the Western Europe-
DEMOCRATIC & ______________
The The ““Iron CurtainIron Curtain””
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an the Adriatic, an iron curtainiron curtain has descended has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
TERMS
_______ ___________-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TAKEN OVER BY THE SOVIET UNION AS PART OF TREATY AGREEMENT
____________ COUNTRIES-COUNTRIES GOVERNED BY THE USSR.
U.S.S.R -UNION OF ___________ SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
***CIA AND KGB
CIA-FORMED 1947-U.S.SECRET SPY ORGANIZATION IN WORLD AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS
KGB-SECRET SOVIET SPY ORGANIZATION -STARTED IN LENIN’S ERA
GERMANY
GERMANY WAS PARTITIONED INTO EAST AND WEST GERMANY
_____ GERMANY REMAINED UNDER SOVIET DOMINANCE AND BECAME COMMUNIST
________ GERMANY BECAME DEMOCRATIC AND RESUMED SELF-GOV’T WHILE BEING OCCUPIED BY U.S,BRITAIN, AND ________
U.N. IS FINALLY FORMED
FORMED NEAR THE END OF WWIICREATE A BODY FOR THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD TO TRY AND PREVENT FUTURE ________ ________.
Truman Doctrine [1947]Truman Doctrine [1947]
1.1. ““__________________”” OF COMMUNISM OF COMMUNISM
2.2. ASSIST COUNTRIES ASSIST COUNTRIES THREATENED BY __________ THREATENED BY __________ TAKEOVER-Ex. Greece and TAKEOVER-Ex. Greece and TurkeyTurkey
““The U. S. should support free The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own peoples to work out their own destinies in their own waydestinies in their own way””..
JAPAN NOW AN ALLY
U.S. REBUILT _______AFTER A-BOMB DEVASTATION-OCCUPIED BY ___________ FORCES
MACARTHUR WAS ___________.
JAPAN DEVELOPED ___________FORM OF GOVERNMENT, RESUMED SELF-GOVERNMENT AND BECAME U.S. ALLY
MARSHALL PLAN
PLAN TO __________ EUROPE AND ECONOMIES AFTER THE WAR
PREVENT SPREAD OF _____________
Post-War GermanyPost-War Germany
BERLIN AIRLIFT 48-49STALIN HAD BLOCKADED SUPPLIES TO ________ BERLIN
TRUMAN AUTHORIZED GOODS AIR ___________ TO THEM
FINALLY _________ BACKED OFF
The Arms Race BEGINS:The Arms Race BEGINS:19491949
} The Soviet The Soviet Union Union exploded its exploded its first A-bomb in first A-bomb in 19491949
} 2 Nuclear 2 Nuclear SuperpowersSuperpowers
NNorth orth AAtlantic tlantic TTreaty reaty OOrganization (1949)rganization (1949)
United StatesUnited States
BelgiumBelgium
BritainBritain
CanadaCanada
DenmarkDenmark
FranceFrance
IcelandIceland
ItalyItaly
LuxemburgLuxemburg
NetherlandsNetherlands
NorwayNorway
PortugalPortugal
1952: Greece & 1952: Greece & Turkey Turkey
1955: West 1955: West GermanyGermany
1983: Spain1983: Spain
NATO
**Defensive alliance among U.S. and western European countries to prevent Soviet invasion of Europe
PEACETIME __________ ALLIANCE
CHINA’S REVOLUTION1949
1949-MAO ZEDONG (TSE-TUNG) (LEADER OF _________ PARTY) WON A _______ WAR IN CHINA BY GAINING PEASANT’S LOYALTY
CHINA BECAME _______________
CHINA AND USSR RELATIONS
HOWEVER,CHINA AND __________ WERE __________WHICH NIXON WOULD USE TO OUR ADVANTAGE IN THE 70’S
KOREAN WAR1950-1953
The U.S. and other U.N. members sent troops into Korea to defend _____-_______________ South Korea from being invaded by _____________ North Korea.
The Korean War ended in a ___________that kept Korea armed and divided at __________ parallel.
The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]
DOUGLAS MACARTHURMilitary career would end when ________ fired him for not obeying orders.
Macarthur wanted to invade ________ and Truman knew this would be unwise.
Premier Nikita Premier Nikita KhrushchevKhrushchevAbout the capitalist About the capitalist
states, it doesn't states, it doesn't depend on you depend on you whether we whether we (Soviet Union) exist.(Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, If you don't like us, don't accept our don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvitations, and don'tinvite us to come invite us to come to see you. Whether to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on you like it our not, history is on our side. our side. We will bury youWe will bury you. -- . -- 19561956
De-Stalinization De-Stalinization ProgramProgram
EISENHOWER’S COLD WAR POLICIES-1950’s
EISENHOWER ADOPTED A POLICY OF “___________ ___________ ________________________” TO DETER A SOVIET STRIKE.
_______________________-ALMOST COME TO WAR-PULL BACK AT LAST MINUTE
Warsaw Pact (1955)-_________ Warsaw Pact (1955)-_________ ALLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE ALLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE
FORM with USSRFORM with USSR
} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.
} AlbaniaAlbania
} BulgariaBulgaria
} CzechoslovakCzechoslovakiaia
} East East GermanyGermany
} HungaryHungary
} PolandPoland
} RumaniaRumania
NATO & WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES
BOTH WOULD KEEP LARGE _____________ IN PLACE FOR 50 YEARS
Sputnik I (1957)-1st Sputnik I (1957)-1st satellite-USSRsatellite-USSR
The Russians have beaten America The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the in space—they have the
technological edge!technological edge!
1958-THE US LAUNCHES ____________
U-2 Spy Incident (1960)U-2 Spy Incident (1960)
Col. Gary PowersCol. Gary Powers’’ plane was shot plane was shot
down over Soviet down over Soviet airspace.airspace.
Eisenhower-pres-Eisenhower-pres-embarassmentembarassment
CUBAN REVOLUTION-1959
FIDEL CASTRO TAKES OVER CUBA IN 1959 AND IT BECOMES _______________.
MANY CUBANS FLED TO FLORIDA
IT WOULD RECEIVE ______________ AID FROM USSR IF NEEDED.
**HE IS STILL THE LEADER THERE WITH HIS BROTHER-RAOUL.
COLD WAR AT HOME
During 50’s/ 60’s American schoolchildren had drills to prepare for ________ attacks. Duck and Cover
People built __________ shelters.
THIS WAS FORM OF __________________ TO MAKE PEOPLE FEEL SAFE.
McCARTHYISM-1940’s-1950’sMcCarthyism is a term used to describe the “________ ___________” used by Joseph McCarthy (senator) to find Communists.
Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs were convicted for ________. The Rosenbergs were executed.
**McCarthy censured by the Senate
COLD WAR AT HOME
THE ECONOMIES OF ____________AND CALIFORNIA WOULD GROW MORE THAN ANY OTHER STATES BECAUSE THEY WOULD BE REWARDED WITH DEFENSE CONTRACTS.
JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT
YOUNGEST PERSON EVER ELECTED PRESIDENT-44. Wife Jackie.
Inspired many with his speeches:
America “would pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,_________ ______ __________,in order to assure the survival and the ___________ of ____________”.
JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT
“Ask not what your ____________can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”.
Started the __________ Corps
The Berlin Wall Goes Up The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)(1961)
CheckpoinCheckpointt
CharlieCharlie
SEPARATES EAST FROM WEST BERLIN
Ich bin ein Ich bin ein Berliner!Berliner!
(1963)(1963)
President President Kennedy tells Kennedy tells Berliners that Berliners that
the West is the West is with them!with them!
BAY OF PIGS -CUBA
BAY OF PIGS-1961THE PLAN WAS THAT TRAINED _____________EXILES BY CIA WERE TO GO AND TAKE CUBA BACK FROM ___________
INVASION FAILED-EXILES JAILED
__________________________ FOR KENNEDY AND U.S.
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
THE U.S. DISCOVERED THAT _______________MISSILES WERE IN CUBA
FOR _____DAYS -OCTOBER 14-28 AMERICA LIVED IN FEAR
______________ BACKED OFF
Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)(1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!Russians, and the other man blinked!
Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)(1962)
JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT
Assassinated in Dallas, Texas November 22,1963 by _______ _____________ _____________
Lyndon ____________(LBJ) sworn in as President immediately
Vietnam War: 1965-1973Vietnam War: 1965-1973
Vietnam escalationAmerican involvement reflects America’s “________________of communism”
In the 50’s and 60’s the _________ ______________ __________________ government tries to force this government on South Vietnam. NV Gov’t backed by Soviet Union.
America intervenes to help ___________Vietnam.
Vietnam escalationA few troops are sent by ______________.
After Kennedy’s assassination 1963-_____________ continues buildup.
VietnamIn 1964, the ______ __ _____________ _______________________ granted Johnson use of broad military powers to send troops without a declaration of war.
The draft was used.
American military forces repeatedly defeat __________ Vietnamese forces but ____________ Vietnam could not resist invasion from _____________ supplied Army.
VIETNAM PROTESTS
COUNTRY BECAME BITTERLY __________OVER THE WAR
_____________ BEGAN HEAVILY ON ______________CAMPUSES
POLICE TOOK ACTION AGAINST PROTESTERS-EX. ______ ____________ ________________
VIETNAMNixon elected and tried “______________________________”
(replacing _________________ troops with South Vietnamese troops).
Nixon forced from office because of ____________________ scandal and resigns August 1974.
1975-North and South Vietnam merge under _____________ control
VIETNAM-EFFECTS ON VETSPOOR WHITE AND BLACK YOUNG MEN WERE
_______________.
___________ YOUNG MEN WOULD BE KILLED AND 300,000 PHYSICAL INJURIES.
OTHERS RETURNED WITH ___________________________PROBLEMS AND DRUG ADDICTIONS AND RECEIVED NO HELP.
MANY FACED ______________ WHEN THEY RETURNED HOME
MUCH LATER__________________ FOR SERVICE
VIETNAM MEMORIAL
RESULTS OF WAR ______ Amendment______ Amendment: 18-year-: 18-year-
olds voteolds vote Nixon abolished the draft Nixon abolished the draft
_____ _______ _____ _____ _______ _____ 19731973 President must notify Congress President must notify Congress 48 hours before48 hours beforesending troopssending troops
CARTER
1979-_______INVASION OF _______________ UNTIL 1989
1980’S COLD WARIN 80‘s-THE SOVIET UNION ADOPTED A ___________________ OF THEIR ECONOMY AWAY FROM COMMUNISM WHICH LED to the _______________ OF THE SOVIET UNION IN 1991
GORBACHEV’S POLICIES
______________ openness of government and freedoms in the Soviet Union
_______________-economic restructuring away from Communism
FACTORS WHICH LED TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET
UNION-FRET
FAST PACED REFORMS-MARKET ECONOMY
RISE OF NATIONALIST FEELINGS IN SOVIET REPUBLICS
ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY
THE COST OF COMPETITION WITH THE U.S.
REAGAN’S ROLE
REAGAN CHALLENGED _______________ TO “OPEN THIS GATE AND ________ DOWN THIS WALL”-1987
CHALLENGED THE MORAL __________________OF THE SOVIET UNION’S CONTROL OVER EASTERN EUROPE
INCREASED U.S. _____________ AND __________________ PRESSURE ON SOVIET UNION
NORTH ___________, CHINA, AND _________- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES LEFT TODAY
POST COLD WAR POLICIES-FHS
___________ AID
___________________________ AID
SUPPORT FOR _____________ RIGHTS
GEORGE H.W. BUSH 1989-1993 ROLE POST WAR(FYGOP)
FALL OF ___________________ IN EASTERN EUROPE- BREAK UP OF SOVIET STATE
_________________ COLLAPSE
GERMANY ____________________
OPERATION ____________ STORM
_____________ GULF WAR 90-91-1ST TIME WOMEN IN _______________ ROLES
WILLIAM CLINTON’S ROLE-1993-2001DLNN• DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH __________
• LIFTING OF ________________ SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA AFTER _____________
• NATO ACTION IN FORMER _________________
• NAFTA-_________ ________________FREE TRADE AGREEMENT-TRADE BETWEEN U.S., MEXICO, AND CANADA
GEORGE W. BUSH’S ROLE-2001-2008-TWW
1)____________ ATTACKS ON U.S. 9/11/2001
2)WAR IN _________________
3)WAR IN _____________