the cold war begins
DESCRIPTION
THE COLD WAR BEGINS. - The Cold War was the period of tension between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. from 1945-1991. - How many wars were fought between the 2 nations? - Why is this period in history referred to as the Cold War?. Communism 101. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE COLD WAR BEGINS
![Page 2: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
- The Cold War was the period of tension between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. from 1945-1991.
- How many wars were fought between the 2 nations?
- Why is this period in history referred to as the Cold War?
![Page 3: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Communism 101
![Page 4: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In the United States, some people are extremely wealthy, such as Bill Gates, C.E.O. OF Microsoft Corp.
Bill Gates home in Medina, Washington. The mansion is 60,000 square feet, about 30 times larger than the average American house.
![Page 5: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
While many others work hard, long hours, for little pay
![Page 6: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
When this kind of inequality occurs, the poor become very upset, and it could lead to civil unrest
![Page 8: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Communists offer a solution
Instead of some people getting extremely wealthy owning
businesses, and workers making little, let’s have
the workers be the owners, and they can
share the profits equally
![Page 9: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Share the Wealth
Bill Gates net worth = $67 billion
If Bill Gates money was shared, 1.34 million people could each have $50,000.
![Page 10: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A Flaw in the Plan?
• Sounds great, right?
• There will be plenty of money to go around
• So, what’s the problem?
![Page 11: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A Flaw in the Plan?
• Why do people like Bill Gates start businesses?
• To make money
• Would people like Bill Gates invest thousands and millions of dollars to start businesses if they had to share the profits?
• No!
![Page 12: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A Flaw in the Plan?
• So, in a communist system, there is no profit-motive (incentive) to start new businesses
• There also is no incentive to work hard, since everything is shared – Why bust your tail and work hard when you will make the same as someone who is not?
• So communist countries are typically poor, and lack new technology
![Page 13: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bye-Bye Freedom
Since businesses are not being started, and people are not working hard, the
government must take over and force people to
start businesses and work hard.
![Page 14: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bye-Bye Freedom
• People are unhappy by this and start to complain, so the government then takes away freedom of speech and other rights.
• So in a communist system, there is not only no economic growth (high poverty rates and little new technology) but also a lack of freedom
![Page 15: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Capitalism (Adam Smith) v. Communism (Karl Marx)
• The communist system goes against the system used in the U.S.
• What is that system called?
• Good, it’s called Capitalism
• As a result, the United States and the U.S.S.R. remained at odds for years
![Page 16: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.
![Page 17: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Iron Curtain:
Imaginary line separating
Eastern Europe
(communist) from Western Europe (free)
![Page 18: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Truman Doctrine (1947)
U.S. gave weapons and supplies to Turkey and
Greece to prevent communist takeovers
![Page 21: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Marshall Plan (1948)
U.S. gave billions of $ to European countries
to rebuild so they would not be taken over by communists
![Page 22: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Berlin Problem
![Page 24: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Following WW2, Germany divided
• West Germany, freed by Americans and British, became democracy
• East Germany was made communist by the Soviets
Map shows the two Cold War alliances:U.S = NATO Soviet Union = Warsaw Pact
![Page 25: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The problem was the capital (Berlin) was in East Germany
![Page 26: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Berlin divided after WW2 between U.S., G.B., France, and the Soviet Union
• U.S., G.B., and France combine zones into West Berlin (part of West Germany)
• Soviet zone becomes East Berlin (part of East Germany)
![Page 27: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Roadways would
connect West
Berlin to the rest of
West Germany
![Page 28: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Soviets had major problem in Berlin
• Citizens saw up close how West Berlin (capitalism) was doing much better than East Berlin (communism)
![Page 29: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• To solve problem, Soviets cut off access to West Berlin from West Germany
• Soviets didn’t want to look like bad guys, so they claimed roadways were being repaired
• Soviets thought West Berlin would run out of supplies, and be forced to ask Soviets for help
![Page 30: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
United States Responds
• U.S. had policy of containment, so couldn’t let communism spread to West Berlin
• If you were President Truman, what would you do?
![Page 31: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Berlin AirliftTruman decided to have planes fly supplies to West Berlin
![Page 32: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
NATO (U.S. and its Allies) v. Warsaw Pact (U.S.S.R. and its satellites)
![Page 33: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Soviets Develop Atomic Bomb (1949)Arms Race is On!
![Page 34: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Communist North Korea, with approval from China and U.S.S.R. invaded non-Communist South Korea. The U.S., with
help from United Nations, drove out North Koreans
![Page 36: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Background to the Crisis
On January 1, 1959, Fidel Castro takes over Cuba and makes it a communist country
![Page 38: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
In October of 1962, an American U-2 spy plane takes this photo of Cuba
The photo shows missile launchers being built in
Cuba by the Soviet Union
![Page 39: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962)
• In the end, the Soviets turn ships around
• Represents “Height of Cold War” as U.S. and Soviets begin dialogue and in the 1970s enter into period of détente (easing of tensions)
![Page 41: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Vietnam War (1954 – 1973)
![Page 42: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Vietnam War• Vietnamese defeated French (1954)
to gain independence
• Country was temporarily split into north and south
• When south backed out of agreement to unite country, the north (communist) invaded
• U.S. sent troops to stop communist takeover but was unsuccessful
![Page 43: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Decolonization Begins as Cold War Continues
![Page 44: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cold War Affects the World
![Page 47: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Non AlignmentSome countries able to avoid taking
sides in Cold War (worked both sides to their advantage)
India Egypt
![Page 48: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Global Economy
• During time Cold War was going on, countries of the world were become more closely connected
• Economic interactions b/t nations grew, and many multinational corporations were formed
![Page 49: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Multinational Corporations
• Generally started in West and moved to other areas of world
• Vastly affected regions they moved to (sometimes positively, but sometimes negatively)
![Page 50: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Problems Created by Multinational Corporations
• Workers exploited and pollution problems
• Oil shortages (1973, 1979) showed how economy was becoming global b/c they affected so many nations around the world
![Page 51: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Cold War Ends
![Page 52: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Scaring the “EVIL EMPIRE”
Star Wars (SDI):Reagan’s Plan for a missile defense shield
Reagan’s excessive spending on the
military scared the Soviets into making
concessions to the U.S.
![Page 53: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The End of the Cold War
As countries of Eastern Europe are gaining freedom, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev disbands the Soviet Union and the Cold War ends December 25th, 1991
![Page 55: THE COLD WAR BEGINS](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681338f550346895d9a9a67/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The World Beyond the 90sEnd of Cold War represented new period in world
history still going on today in which:
•U.S. only superpower
•Regional tensions have emerged: Pakistan v. India, fighting in former Yugoslavia, mass killings in Africa
•Increase in regional trade: European Union, NAFTA
•Nations around the world have moved away from state controlled industry to private enterprise