The Cold War

The Allies form the United Nations

A. United Nations (UN) has 2 parts1. General Assembly

•Purpose: Countries talk about the issues

•Each country has a representative2. Security Council

•Purpose: Responsible for military•15 countries serve at a time•10 serve a 2 year term – 5 are permanent

The Allies form the United Nations

B. Value of UN1. Worked to keep peace between

countries2. Allowed countries to talk about issues

C. Problems with UN1. if permanent member vetoed an action =

no military action2. rivalry prevented action (ex: US & SU)3. newer, smaller countries joined together

D. Recreated homeland for Jews = Israel

UN holds Nuremberg Trials1. Held in West

Germany

2. Placed Nazi officials on trial for crimes during Holocaust

UN holds Nuremberg Trials

3. 13 separate trials with 200 defendants

4. Each Allied country involved (US, Fr, Br, SU)

UN holds Nuremberg Trials

5. Most found guilty >> imprisoned or put to death

6. Can be put on trial if caught even today

“From the Nuremberg trials, it was made clear that crimes against peace, crimes against humanity and crimes which will not be tolerated. It was made clear that every person reasonable for the involvement in these actions will pay. It was made clear nations will not turn around and do nothing because of borders or boundaries. It was made clear justice will be served in all scales.” - http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cghs.dadeschools.net/ib_holocaust2001/Nuremberg_Trials/nuremberg_contents.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cghs.dadeschools.net/ib_holocaust2001/Nuremberg_Trials/

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2 Superpowers after WWII

United States Soviet Union

What makes a SUPERPOWER?

•Large area of land•Large population•Natural resources

•Strong military

Both countries were strong after the war and they wanted to spread their

own governments

Hi. I’m Walter Lippman.

I created the word

“Cold War”

A Cold War is a conflict between two countries in which they don’t fight each other

directly.

So, you may be asking: Well, Walter,

what do they do then?

In a Cold War, countries:

1. Form military alliances

2. Conduct an arms race

3. Support opposing sides in other country’s civil wars

And now, you’re asking:

How could this have started Walter?

There are two MAIN causes that

started the Cold War….

There MAIN causes are:

1. Decisions made at the Yalta Conference

2. The differences between democracy and communism

1st MAIN Reason the Cold War Began

The Yalta Conference

Soviet Union takes

control of the Baltics

Germany is divided

into 4 sectionsSU to enter the

war against JapanUnited Nations

is formed

Decisions Effects

Domination over all of Eastern

EuropeWest Germany & East Germany are

formedConflicts in Korea & Vietnam arise

Conflicts over China’s

membership

2nd MAIN Reason the Cold War Began

Differences between Democracy and Communism

Communism Democracy

Economic

System

How leaders come into

power

Rights given to people

Socialist-Gov’t owns all

-No private property

-No competition

Capitalist-Gov’t

regulates some

but…-Private property

-Competition

Seizes power

No alternatives

Elected by ppl

Alternatives

No civil rightsStrict

control

Civil rights

1st - SU takes over Eastern Europe

1st - SU takes over Eastern Europe1- Wanted buffer states AND “satellite” nations

2 - Wanted a warm water

port

WHY?

Winston Churchill:

“An iron curtain has descended

across the continent”

2nd - Truman Doctrine signed

2nd - Truman Doctrine signed

Gave $660 million to help:

Help Turkey & Greece fight off the Communists

Also said U.S. would fight communism from spreading anywhere it doesn’t already exist…

… led to U.S. policy of CONTAINMENT

3rd – Marshall Plan

3rd – Marshall Plan

$12.5 billion to:

any country who needed

helping rebuilding after WWII

SU thought the US was trying to

spread democracy

3rd – Marshall Plan

SU had invaded Czechoslovakia and took it

over

4th – US, Br, Fr united their sections of Germany

The Soviet Union wasn’t happy.

Why?

They were afraid Germany would

become powerful again…

So, the Soviet Union created the Berlin Blockade

The Berlin Blockade (by SU)

SU blockaded all ground traffic entering into

Western Berlin (Democratic side) for 327 days

The Berlin Airlift (by US)

US & Br flew 277,000 flights: dropping 2.5 million tons of

supplies

5th – Formation of Alliances

5th – Alliances are Formed

US formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization

with Britain, Belgium, Canada, France, Iceland,

Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,

Portugal, Greece, Turkey, West Germany

SU formed the Warsaw Pact with

Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania,

Bulgaria, East Germany