The Columbian Exchange

WHAP 2019

The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

• Voyages launched large-scale contact between Europe, Africa and The Americas.

• Interaction with Native Americans led to sweeping cultural changes. • Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of

plants, animals, peoples and disease—the Columbian Exchange.

• Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres

• Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys

• People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle

The Exchange of Goods

The Columbian Exchange

• Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this

• Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe

• Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists

Sharing Discoveries

New plants to the “Old World”• Potato• Corn• Tomato• Sweet Potato• Cacao (Cocoa)• Pineapples• Pumpkins• Tobacco

**The Europeans loved the Tobacco

Notice Italy did NOT have tomatoes until the Columbian Exchange.

“Old World” Diseases• Smallpox• Measles• Diphteria• Chicken Pox• Bubonic Plague• Influenza• Cholera• Malaria

*Infecting many Native Americans

Small pox-trunk of victim

Bubonic Plague Victim

What the “New World” brought to Europe

• Syphilis• Hepatitis• Polio• Tuberculosis

Lung of victim: Tuberculosis

Polio-deformed legs

• Wealth measured by amount of gold, silver possessed by nation

• Mercantilists believed there was fixed amount of wealth in world

• For one nation to become wealthier, more powerful—had to take wealth, power away from another nation

• Mercantilism led to intense competition between nations

Intense Competition• Founding of colonies, new

goods in Europe led to significant changes

• 1500s, Europeans developed new economic policy, mercantilism

• Nation’s strength depended on its wealth

• Wealthy nation had power for military and expanded influence

New Economic PolicyMercantilism

Controlling Sources• Nation that controlled own sources would not

need to import from competing nations • Why important

– Country did not need to spend own money to obtain raw materials

– Foreign countries considered rivals, might become active enemy, cut off supply of raw materials

• European nations worked to become more self-sufficient

• Nations began to establish colonies

Cultural Diffusion

• The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another.

• Cultural diffusion occurs through migration, trade and welfare.

Long Term Causes: Immediate Causes:

Immediate Effects: Long Term Effects:

Columbian

Exchange

Immediate Causes:•Europeans arrive in the Americas

•Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas

Immediate Effects:•Spanish conquer Aztecs and Incas

•Native Americans die of European diseases

•Enslaved Africans are brought to the Americas

•American foods are introduced to other parts of the world

Long Term Effects:•Spread of products all around the world

•Population growth in Europe, Asia, and Africa

•Cultural diffusion

•Migration from Europe to the Americas

•Growth of Capitalism

Long Term Causes:•God

•Gold

•Glory

Columbian Exchange

According to the diagram, the diet of western Europeans changed because of—

(a )new technologies in food packaging(b) the development of new breeds of livestock

(c) the use of the first food preservatives(d) the introduction of new foods from the Americas

Immigration

Building colonial empires essential to mercantilist system

• European powers wanted to establish colonies

– To control sources of raw materials

– To provide new markets for manufactured goods

• To mercantilist, colonies existed only to benefit home country

Colonies • Monarchs restricted economic

activities in colonies

• Colonists could not sell raw materials to other countries

• Could not buy manufactured goods from other nations

• Strict laws forbade colonies from manufacturing goods

• Forced to buy only from home country

Strict Laws

Colonies

• Impact of colonization not felt throughout society

• Rural life continued as it had for centuries

• Generations would pass before many began to grow new foods from Americas

• Most people remained poor

Rural Life• Changes taking place because

of colonization

• Had impact on European societies

• Towns cities grew as business activity increased

• New class of wealthier merchants emerged, began to wield more power in their towns

Many ChangesImpact on Society

Colonies gain Independence• What date was the Declaration of Independence

Signed? July 4th 1776

America Thrives as an Independent Country

• Proving many countries wrong- The United States of America becomes stronger and stronger

• With the United states expanding westward and Russia expanding Eastward boundaries got tight

Monroe Doctrine• Passed by congress

through President Monroe.

• Stated that European countries had no business in Western Hemisphere affairs.

• NO COLONIZATION• NO INTERVENTION • TRADE PARTNERS

ONLY

Based on the cartoon, which of the following best explains the impact of the Monroe Doctrine?

(A) The United States would not allow foreign nations to form alliances.(B) The United States would not allow further European colonization in the

Western Hemisphere.(c) The United States would serve as a negotiator between European nations.

(D) The United States would protect the economic interests of Europe.