the columbian exchange eq: why would the 'columbian exchange‘ be the most important result of...
TRANSCRIPT
The Columbian Exchange
EQ: Why would the 'Columbian Exchange‘ be the most important result of European colonization of
The Americas?
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
– By the early 1500’s the Spanish were in the Americas
• Spanish explorers are called conquistadors and wanted to explore the
world.
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
• Spanish defeated two large Empires to establish themselves as the biggest player in the Americas:– Incas in South America– Aztecs in Central America (more on them
lated)
Spain’s Empire in the Americas– There was a social class
system in the colonies that was based on birthplace and ethnic group.
• On the top was the peninsulares-the Spanish colonists born in Spain
• A Creole was someone who was born to peninsulare parents in the colony
• A Mestizo was a person who had both Spanish and Native parents
• The lowest were mulatto, which were people of Spanish and African heritage
• Spain also gave the colonists encomiedas, and forced the natives to work in the gold and silver mines.
The Columbian Exchange• “The Columbian Exchange” is the sharing of cultures
that transformed the lives of two continents.
• Its was a two-way process with people, goods, and ideas moving back and forth.
• The four main elements are: • Disease• Animals • Plants• Religion
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
The Exchange can be positive or negative in its effects
• In the exchange that was made widespread by Columbus, Disease was the most negative for Indian peoples
• Fatality rate over a period of two to three generations was 95% for many tribal groups
Europeans believed that it was God’s will that Indians died
• There was no germ theory at the time of contact
• Illness in Europe was considered to be the consequence of sin
• Indians, who were largely “heathen” or non-Christian were regarded as sinners and therefore subject to illness as a punishment
Diseases• New World:
– Syphilis, polio, hepatitis and encephalitis were New World diseases that infected Europeans.
– Europeans succumbed to Malaria easily
– These diseases were NOT airborne, so harder to get.
• Old World: – Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic
plague, scarlet fever and influenza were the most common European disease that were sent to New World
– Nearly all of the European diseases were communicable by air and touch.
PLANTSAmericas
• Maize• Potato• Tomato• Tobacco• Beans• Cacao• Cotton
Europe
• Sugar• Rice• Wheat• Coffee• Banana• Grapes
Animals
Americas
• Turkey
Europe
• Cattle
• Horse
• Pigs
• Sheep
Religion
Europeans wanted to convert “forcefully” sometimes, the natives to Christianity (almost exclusively Catholicism”
• Spanish developed many “Missions”, or outposts consisting of a church and smaller community to convert the natives’
• Missions were the foundation of several American cities:– Founders of key USA cities such as San Antonio,
El Paso, Santa Fe, Tucson, San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco.
MercantilismMercantilismMercantilismMercantilismThe economy and trade
are essential to the health and safety of the nation.
1.Get as much gold and silveras you can.
2.Establish a favorable balance of trade.
3.Get colonies.