Chapter 21:The Commonwealth of the Philippines

Beverly Mae Q. Ruiz

The Commonwealth of the Philippines 

After the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, they did not really stop fighting for independence. Although their military leaders surrendered, the Filipinos carried on the fight for freedom in three ways:

• The Commonwealth of the Philippines 

After the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, they did not really stop fighting for independence. Although their military leaders surrendered, the Filipinos carried on the fight for freedom in three ways:

I. Theater and Literature; II. Peasant revolts and the Communist Party of the Philippines; III. Peaceful pressure by the Filipino Politicians;

Freedom Theater and Literature (1902-1905) 

• Zarzuela were banned by American Authorities

 • Dramas Championed Philippine Freedom

 

Example: Tanikalang Ginto – Juan Abad Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas – Aurelio Tolentino  Song: Bayan Ko – (popularized by Freddie Aguilar in 1980s in Marcos Dictatorship)  Banaag at Sikat – Lope K. Santos first socialist Tagalog novel (1935) 

PEASANT REVOLTS AND THE COMMUNIST PARTYOF THE PHILIPPINES - (CPP) Communist Party of the Government. - SAKDALITAS (1935) most serious peasant revolt. 

PEACEFUL PRESSURE BY THE FILIPINO POLITICIANS ENDING IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OFTHE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES IN 1935  1. Political Campaign for Independence 

In 1932, the American Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law.In 1934, the American Congress passed a better independence law at the Tydings McDuffie Law.

2. The 1935 Philippine Constitution  Now, a constitution was needed for the soon-to be proclaimed Commonwealth.A constitutional convention was convened in Manila in July 1934, and the document was written with an eye to meeting the approval of theUnited States Government as well, so as to ensure that the U.S. would live up to its promise to grant the Philippines independence.The completed constitution was overwhelmingly approvedby plebiscite in March 1935, and then signed into law byPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt.

3. The Commonwealth of the Philippines  The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth with the United States. Before this, the Philippines had been a U.S. territory. The creation of the Commonwealth was envisioned under the Tydings McDuffie Act, as a ten-year transitional government in preparation for full Philippine independence and sovereignty, which was scheduled for 1946.

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