the compass of light, volume 2, etymology in the great invocation

8/14/2019 The Compass of Light, Volume 2, Etymology in the Great Invocation

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TeCompass o Light

Voume II:Etymology in

Te Geat Inocation

Staling David Hunter III


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Te Compas of Light,Volume 2: Etymology in the Great Invocation

Coih 2007, Sain Davi Hune III

Al ih eeve.

Ti ook ma no e eoue o anmite an meaneeoni, mehania, eoin, o ohewiewihou witen

emiion om he auho.

Lia o Cone Cono Nume (LCCN): 2005928567

ISBN: 0-929874-97-8


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Te Geat Invocation

Fom he oin o Lih wihin he Min o Go

Le ih eam oh ino he min o men.

Le Lih een on Eah.

Fom he oin o Love wihin he Hea o Go

Le ove eam oh ino he hea o men.

Ma Chi eun o Eah.

Fom he ene whee he Wil o Go i knownLe uoe guie he ite wil o men

Te uoe whih he Mae know an eve.

Fom he ene whih we al he ae o men

Le he Pan o Love an Lih wok ouAn ma i ea he oo whee evi wel.

Le Lih an Love an Powe

eoe he Pan on Eah.


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iv


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v

Aout the AuthoSain Davi Hune III wa on in Lo Anee, Caionia an

aie in Seate, Wahinon; Denve, Cooao; an Phoenix,

Aizona. Hi hihe euaion wa oaine a Aizona Sae

Univei, whee he eane a B.S. in Eeia Enineein,

an Duke Univei, whee he eane a Mae o BuineAminiaion an ae a Ph.D. in Manaemen. Hi oeiona

exeiene ha een ivie eween inu an aaemia.

Ae nihin hi uneauae uie Sain woke

a an eeia eninee a he Boein Coman in Seate whee

he eeahe an eveoe ommuniaion em o mii-

a aia. Ae he MBA, he woke in he Human Reoue

ou o Exxon Chemia in New Jee. Hi aaemi o haveeen a he Maahuet Iniue o ehnoo, Te Ameian

Univei o Shajah, an Caneie Melon Univei in Qaa.

Sain ha ubihe, eviewe, an eie numeou aaemi

ae on he aei ue an oanizaiona onequene o

manaemen inomaion em. Ti i hi eon ook on eo-

ei inguii an hiooh.


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vi

AcknowedementGa Moan, Baaa Mae, Min Bue, Ria DAnee, an

Gia Saaaian eviewe ea veion o hi wok an ovie

ve vauabe eedak. Fo hei aiane he have m ee an

ain apeiaion.


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vii

DedicationFo Gen Loweiie, eve.


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viii

abe o Content

P e a e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x i

Foewo y Miny Bue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Inouion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

Par I: HEOrY & MEHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1. Emoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. Poo-Ino-Euoean: An Oveview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3. Mehooo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Par II: SaME rOO, SaME MEaNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4. Foa: Fom, Foh, an Puoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5. Baka: Puoe an O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6. Bak an Fo: Whih an Whee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Par III: DIFFErEN rOO, SaME MEaNING . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5

7. Piee: Poin an Cene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

8. Ru: Chi an Reun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

9. Deie: Wil an Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

10. Beiee: Hea an Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

11. Leae: Le an Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

12. See: Guie, Min, an Rae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

13. Ma: Know(n), Sea an Poin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

14. Repae: Puoe an Reoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

15. Poeoue: Pan, Dwel, An, an Ino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

16. Roo: Rae an Dwel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

17. Mi: Min, Ma, Men, Mae, Powe, Wil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

18. Leanin: Guie an Know(n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

19. Tin: Men an Min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6120. Lao: Wok an Seve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

21. Inoe: Go an Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

22. Bein: I an Powe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

23. Dieion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68


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ix

Par IV: DIFFErEN rOOS, rELaED MEaNINGS . . . . . 7 1

24. Nine Gou o Roo wih Reae Meanin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

25. Roo, Wo, an he Tee Ra o Ase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Par V: CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Bibioah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

A p e n i e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6

E n n o e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1

Lit o abe and Figue

abe 1. Wo Coun an Fequen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

abe 2. Deivaive o Ino-Euoean ooean ao . . . . . . . . . . 22

abe 3. Roo Exemiin Roa, Sia, an Ci Moion . . . . 32

abe 4. Ino-Euoean Roo ExemiinMi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

abe 5. Ino-Euoean Roo ExemiinDieion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Figue 1. weve Ra Roo a Tee Oveapin Cie . . . . . . . . . . 80Figue 2. weve Ra Roo a Five Ineae iane . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

abe 6. Wo Gou an Uniin Teme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83


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xi

PeaceTe voume o Te Coa o Li wen o e in heumme o 2006 in Shajah, Unie Aa Emiae. Te a

o Voume 2 wa omee wihin hee week o he inin o

he . Te oe ovea in he inin o he voume an

he omeion o he eon miro he ovea in hei anai-

a apoahe. Te voume examine gue o seeh, oneo waPaeenon, he eeiion o wo eive om he ame

oo. Ti eon voume onen emoo, he u o wo

oiin. I eve moe ee ino he mate o wo eive

om he ame oo. Anohe imiai i ha houh hoe, he

eon voume orow muh in e an oanizaion om he

. Final, whie he sei eu o he wo anae ae i-

een, he o no onai one anohe in he ea. In a, hemajo nin o he wo uie i ienia: he om an he on-

en o he wo o he Invoaion einoe one anohe. I have

egun o hink ha hi ma e one o he eurin heme o he

uomin voume a wel. ime wil el.

Doha, Qaa

18 Mah 2007


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FoewodIn Te Coa o Li, Voue 1: Figue o Seeh in Te GeaInoaion, Sain Hune ein o iluminae o u he eh oinguii iniaie wihin he invoaion. Pae ae ae, we ea-

ize ha hi mana o ai an eau i muh moe omex

han i noe in i uae imii. Te mee, he hhm,

he aene, an aane i ea hown houh Sain exen-ive eeah an uen exanaion an exame.

Sain ea u onwa ino ule apeiaion o Te Gea

Invoaion eh an eiion in Voue 2: Eyooy in Te

Gea Inoaion. Muh ike unavein he uue o DNA, heenei o eah wo i exoe. We n ha evea wo oii-

nae om he ame oo wo an hae a ommon meanin, ohe

wo ome om ieen oo e have he ame meanin anil ohe have ieen oo an imia meanin. Beaue o

Sain meiaion an eeah, we ae bee o have an exa-

naion o he ane o he wo hoen o hi invoaion aon

wih hei inimae eaionhi o one anohe.

Te iean ae moe han one ha he hania o wo

ae ea an hee ae no e he wo neee o exe e-

ain one, e he hoie o wo ue an eene o ua Te Gea Invoaion apea o e ee oehe. Te

owe o hee wo hou on ow in enh a we a a

eee uneanin an ee hem wih new knowee.

M ese an omimen o Sain o hi ne wok in

unveiin moe inian eai wihin he anguae an onu-

ion o Te Gea Invoaion. I eae awai he nex voume.

Min Bue,

Ohio, USA, Janua 2007


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xiii

IntoductionTe voume o Te Coa o Li onaine an in-ehexaminaion o 24 gue o seeh o hee kingue o

omiion, adiion, an hane. I eveae no on ha he Gea

Invoaion onain ozen o gue o seeh, u ha he gue

ae inexiab inke o he Invoaion meanin, oh hiden

an apaen. No al gue wee examine a exhauive ahe ou have een, howeve. Rahe, in an eo o ovie a

aane anai o he hee e o gue an o no ove-

whem he eae wih oo muh new inomaion, hae enh

wee ke a ho an uniom in enh a oibe. A ime hi

wa ahieve eieae une-eveoin he anai o e-

ain gue. Amon hem waPaeenon, he gue wheein wo

o moe wo ae eive om he ame oo. In ha hae,on wo wo om he Invoaion wih he ame oo wee i-

uemen an min(). Tee ae, in auai, evea moe

han wo wih hae oo. Moeove, he eaionhi eween

he wo an hei oo i inian moe omex an ue

han wa oae in he one ho hae.

Te oneua ink eween he voume an he een

one i a olow: Voume I eae wo ozen gue whie VoumeII ovie a moe in-eh examinaion o ju onehe gue

Paeenon. Whee hi voume ie om he eviou one iin i heoeia ounaion: Caia, Renaiane, an Bibia

heoi inome he voume whie he eon aw ini-

aion an ieion om he e o emoo, he u o he

oo o oiin o wo. An wheea oh emoo an heo-

i have een he uje o eiou u o enuie, he omei uren he uje o muh moe inenive eeah he

aaemi inguii ommuni. A uh, he oue, he one-

ua voaua, an meho emoe hee ae a moe onem-

oa an, eha, e aane han hoe ue in Voume I.


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xiv

Bu hi wok i moe han a u o he emooie o he

wo in he Invoaion. I invove moe han an eo o ee-

mine whih wo have he me oo. I oe i muh oae:

i exen o wo ha have imi oo, a wel a wo wiheeoo. In he onex o hi u, he wo eae mean

wo hin. Fi, wo an e eneial eae, i.e., he an

een om he ame oo. Seon, he an e eae ike n-

onm, i.e., houh eive om ieen oo, oo ha ma have

imia o eae meanin. A we wil ee in uequen hae,

he emai u o he oo o wo in he Invoaion evea

eaionhi amon hoe wo, imoan an ue eaion-hi no ohewie een o usee aa om an anai o

hi kin.

Te emaine o hi voume i oanize a olow: Pa I,

enie Teo an Meho ein wih a hae onainin

a eniion o he wo emoo , a wel a an oveview o i

u, acie, an meho. Ti i olowe a moe in-eh

inveiaion o he omaaive meho o emooia eeah,aiua a i eain o he Ino-Euoean anguae ami.

Pa I en wih a hae eiin he sei meho, aum-

ion, an oneua voaua emoe in hi u.

Te emainin hee eion o hi voume ae evoe o he

emooia anai o hee ou o wo in he Invoaion. In

Pa II, I examine wo wih ienia oo an hene he ame

unein meanin. In Pa III, I ou on wo wih ieen

oo u wih he ame o imia meanin. In Pa IV, I ake u

he mate o wo wih ieen oo u eemeanin. Te

ook en wih a onuion wheein he eu o he eein

22 hae ae ummaize an nheize.


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EymooyinheGeaInvoaion

Part I:

Teory & Method

HIS SECION OF HE BOOK onain hee hae.Te ein wih a eniion o he em emoo, heu o wo oiin. Ti i olowe a iuion o he en-

e o emoo o he uneanin o he Gea Invoaion.In he eon hae i oun an exene oveview o he Poo-

Ino-Euoean anguae, he oue om whih mo wo oi-

in in hi ook ae ae. Te hi hae onain a ei-

ion o he mehooo an eoue emoe in hi anai.


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SainDaviHuneIII TeComaoLih,VoumeII

1. EtymooyWikieia ene emoo a olow:

Eymooyiheuyoheoiinowo.Somewohaveeeneiveomoheanguae,oibyinahaneom(heouewoaealeeymon).Touhoexanomaionwihoheanguae,eymooiyoeon-uhehioyowowhenheyeneeaanguae,omwhaoue,anhowheiomanmeaninhane.

Te wo i eive om wo Geek woeyo,2 meaninue an oo, meaninwo. Tu, wo no on have eni-ion, he have hioiehioie ha eae he oiina an

hu he ue meanin o wo. Ti a ha ooun imi-

aion o he u an uneanin o he Invoaion. Te

iean ha ae exii an on numeou oaion ha he

Invoaion ha man meanin, one whih equie onieabe

eo o evea.

TemeaninohiInvoaionhaeenexeeinemwhihaeuneanabe,inameaue,oheaveaeeoneaue o i amiia woin, ae on many Siuaem.Buheueinneimiaionaninianeaeoveyeeimoanaenoueialyapaen.Ihaleneyou o eneae, houh meiaion,moe eey ino heviameaninoheewo,heeamazinwo.3

Iamanxiouoaeainyoueacionoheewo,anamakinyouooneenieyeaoonenaeyoumeiaivehinkinanyoueeiveoweuonhem.4

Aheenoheyea,Iwouakyouoemoyyouune-aninoheInvoaionanyouineeaionoi(ohmaoomialyanmioomialyapoahe)inaae.iuyheeuoinuiiveeeion,[i]ouoni-ueaueuook,ivinheeneaubiaueomehen-ionowowhihwiloniionhehinkinoiiualy-mineeoeomanyeae. 5


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EymooyinheGeaInvoaion 3

Bu emoo oe no ju eae he wo oo an oiina

meanin, i ao eae he wo o ohe eene om ha

oo. Ta i o a, i ae he wo in he onex o i ami

meme. A ea hee aiua avanae aue om hieoniion. Fi, houh emoo we ma unove meanin

o aoiaion o wo no oun in a iiona. Te meanin

an uae o wo hane ove ime an oiina meanin oen

eome ooee. Ta oe no neeai mean ha he oe

hei oiina meanin howeve, on ha hi ma no one e

how he wo i uneoo a een.

Seond, we ma iove ha wo we ha ea exeeaual een om he ame oo. A iue in voume I, an

anai o gue o seeh in he Invoaion, he emPaeenoni ue o eie he oniion whee wo hae he ame oo.

I howe ha gue apea in he Invoaion o a uoe: he

awa eem o onve omehin o he meanin an he o o

in onjunion wih ohe gue. Tu, a a minimum i eem

eaonabe o onue ha wihou a emai examinaion ohe emooie o eve wo in he Invoaion, he imo o he

gue Paeenon i e ul apeiae, a i ha a o heInvoaion meanin ha i inen o onve.

Final, hee i mate o hae o imia meanin. I i no

unexee ha wo eenin om he ame oo mih

have he ame o hih imia meanin. Howeve, he ame an

ao e ue o wo noeene om he ame oo. Ju a

wo have nonm, wo eene om ieen oo ma

ao ar imia onnoaion. An e, uh wo ma no e

nonm o one anohe. Fo exame, a wil ae e hown,

he wooinan enein he Invoaion een om ie-en oo, eu an en eseive. Boh mean o ik o ja.

Aoin o Teauu.om oinan eneae no nonm6an e hei oo eem o e. Touh oib quie imoan,

hi kin o eaionhi i neihe a o he eniion o he

guePaeenon no o an ohe o whih I am awae. Muh i o

e aine, I hink, om an emooia anai o he Invoaion

ha ake ino aoun he eaionhi eween wo eive

om oh he ame an om ieen oo. Doin o ma ea u


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4 SainDaviHuneIII TeComaoLih,VoumeII

oe o he unein aa iea aou whih Te iean

hee mae exii eeene an o whih hee ae exeein

imoan onequene:

LookoheuneyinaaieainhiInvoaion.Iihee.FomyoueacionohiInvoaion,anyouaiiyoueihaeaepin-oneoeaineveoaahouhnohiheoataine,Ihaleabeojueyouea-ine,ainiviua,oeaineieaaoywokoheiniiaionwhihyou(aainaaniniviuaiie)houake.7


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2. Poto-Indo-Euoean:An Oveview

Ti hae onain an oveview o Poo-Ino-Euoean (PIE),

he eonue anguae om whih he emooie in hi

anai ae eive. I inue ome hioia inomaion aou

he oune an he ounin o he aaemi e in whih PIE

i now he oje o inene inee. Te oma i ha o even

queion an hei anwe:

. WhaiPoo-Ino-Euoean?

. WheeanwheniPoo-Ino-Euoeanoiinae?

3. WhaanguaeaniaeaeinueinheIno-Euoeanamiy?

4. Whaiiizeanoeoinueneeaiveooheaenanguae?

5. WhaexainheominaneoEnihinheIno-Euoeanamiy?

6. WhenanywhomiheuyoIno-Euoeananguaeommene?

7. Wihwhaqueioniheaaemiiiineoomaaiveinguiinowonene?

1. Wh i Poo-Ino-Euopen?Ino-Euoean i he name iven o a ae an wel-ene

inguii ami ha inue mo uren an exin anguae

o Euoe, a wel a hoe oun in a va aea exenin om

Ian an Ahanian o he nohen ha o he Inian u-oni-

nen. Imii in he em Ino-Euoean i he aumion ha

he anguae o name ae he oninuaion o a ine ehi-

oi anguae,8 an aumion equie eaue o he numeouan uneniabe imiaiie amon hoe anguae. Poo-Ino-

Euoean (PIE) i he name iven o he (eonue) aen

anguae o al anien an moen Ino-Euoean anguae.


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2. Whee n when i Poo-Ino-Euopen oiine?

Poo-Ino-Euoean i a eonue anguae, no a ivin

one. Whie i i wie eieve o have een oken aoun 5,000 o

7,000 ea ao, i exa oiin ae il he uje o ome eae.Reade o hee oiin, one hin i ea: o whaeve eaon,

he seake o ha anguae miae in al ieion, wewa

an nohwa ino Euoe, ouhwa an eawa ino he

Inu Vale. Hene he anguae i name Ino-Euoean.9

A wou e exee, he ahe emove om hei ae o

oiin, he moe PIE anguae hane. In ime, hee new iae

eame oo anguae o hei own, e.. Poo-Gemani, Poo-Iai, an Poo-Savi. Fom hoe anguae eene nume-

ou iae whih evenual eame anguae in hei own ih.

Fo exame, Geman, Duh, Enih, an ome Saninavian

anguae ae now viewe a iin, hi eie he a ha he

een om he ame oo anguae, Poo-Gemani.10

Tee ae wo omein heoie onenin oh he eo-

ahi an he emoa oiin o Poo-Ino-Euoean. One,known a he Kuan Hohei, oi he epe noh o

he Bak an Caian Sea. A eon heo ague o a oa-

ion omewhee in wha i now ale Anaoia o Aia Mino.11

Aoin o he Kuan hohei, ea PIE wa oken in he

epe uue o he 5h milennium BC eween he Bak Sea

an he Voa Rive. Avoae o he Anaoian oiin ial

ae PIE a havin aien evea enuie eaie an ink i iu-

ion o he Neoihi avane o amin. Aoin o hi view:

(PIE ea) eaeuly ino Euoe omAiaMino omaoun7000BCwihheavaneoamin.Aoiny,aloNeoihi Euoewou have een Ino-Euoeaneak-in, an heKuanmiaion wou a e have eaeIno-Euoean iae wih ohe Ino-Euoean iae.

TomaGamkeizeanVyaheavV.Ivanovin984aeheIno-EuoeanhomeanonLakeUmia.Teyugeseha Amenian wa he anguae whih aye in he Ino-EuoeanadewhieoheIno-Euoeananguaeehehomean.


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SomeeoehaveoineoheBakSeaeueheoy,ainheeneioheSeaoAzovoa.5600BC,aaieaueoheIno-Euoeanexanion.Tievenoureinil

eayNeoihiimeaniaheooeayowihKuanahaeooy. Ohe heoie exi, oen wih a naionaiiavo, omeime oein on naiona myiim, yialyoiinheeveomeniniuoheooneneeivehome.OneominenexameouhaeheInianheoiehaeiveVei Sanki om he Inu valey iviizaion,ouainhaVeiSankiieenialyieniaoPoo-

Ino-Euoean, an ha al ohe iae mu uimaeyaeakoheeayInuvaleyiviizaionoa.3000BC.Tiheoyinowieyaeeyhoa.

In moe moen ime hi ami o anguae ha ea wa

o oonizaion houhou he Ween Hemihee.13 In he oin-

ion o Wakin,14 one o he unineniona u eneia onequene

o he eawa exanion o ooniaim an meaniim wa he

inouion o Sanki ino he ineleua ie o WeenEuoe. Comaion 18h enu hoa o Sanki wih Lain

an Geekhe wo aia anguae o Euoeeveae imi-

aiie oh oviou an emakabe an halene on-he eie

aou he oiin an evouion o Euoean anguae.

3. Wh ngue n iec e incue in he

Ino-Euopen miy?Te Ino-Euoean anguae ami inue apoximae

450 anguae an iae,15 inuin mo o he majo anguae

amiie o Euoe, a wel a man anguae o ouhween an

ouhen Aia. Conemoa anguae in hi ami inue

Benai, Enih, Fenh, Geman, Hini, Pouguee, Ruian, an

Sanih (eah wih moe han 100 milion naive seake), a wel

a numeou male naiona o minoi anguae.

16

A een, ingui eonize eeven majo anhe o ia-

e o Ino-Euoean, eah o whih ha (o ha) one o moe

anguae aoiae wih i. Te nine ivin anhe ae Ino-

Ianian, Geek, Amenian, Savi, Bai, Alanian, Cei, Iai,

an Gemani. Te wo exin anhe ae he Hitie-Anaoian


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anguae, a oken in wha i now uke aou 2,100 ea ao

an wo ohaian anguae, a oken in Chinee ukian

aou 1,900 ea ao.

4. Wh i PIE ize n cope o inuence eive o ohepen ngue?

Te Ino-Euoean i he ae wie aee ami o

anguae in he wo oa, oken apoximae 3 ilion

naive seake, he eon mo ommon ami o ongue ein

Sino-iean.17 In em o he nume o anguae inue in

he ami, Ino-Euoean ank ouh ehin he Nie-Cono

(1,514 anguae), Auoneian (1,268 anguae), an an-New Guinea (564 anguae) amiie.18

5. Wh expin he ominnce o Enih in he Ino-

Euopen miy?

Te mo wie-oken anguae o he Ino-Euoean ami

i Enih, he naive ongue o nea 400 milion eoe an, a

Wakin a, he mo imoan eon anguae in he wo.He eie i ineae a olow:

I (Enih) i one o many ie eenan o Ino-Euoean,oneowhoeiaeeameehioiCommonGemani, whih uivie ino iae owhih onewaWeGemani;hiinunokeuinouheiae,oneowhihemeeinooumenayatesaionaOEnih.

FomOEnihweanolowheeveomenohean-guaeiey,inex,ownoheeenay.9

One o he moe emakabe haaceii o Enih i i

oeni o orow om anien an moen Ino-Euoean

anguae.

AhouhEnihiamemeoheGemanianhoIno-

Euoeananeainmuhoheaiuueoioiin,ihaanexeionalymixeexion.Duinhe400yeaoioumenehioy,ihaoroweexeniveyanyemai-alyomiGemanianRomaneneihoanomLainanGeek,awelamoeoaialyomoheanguae.0


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Ti oe no mean, howeve, ha Enih ha eome a mee

a-a o oanwo.21 Whie he ae majoi o he O

Enih voaua ha een o, wha emain om he oe o

he anguae ie. Aoin o Wakin, al o he 100 mo e-quen ue wo in een-a Ameian Enih ae naive,

no orowe wo. An amon he nex 100, hee ae 83 naive

wo. Te ee o havin a emanen oe an, a he ame ime,

orowin om amo eve ohe meme o he PIE ami i

ha:

EnihhainawayeaemuhoheIno-Euoeanexi-

onio.Tu,whieheiinioneweennaiveano-owe voauay emain unamenaly imoan, moehan50eenoheaioooIno-Euoeanaee-eneinPokonyaeeeeneinMoenEnihyonemean o he ohe. Ino-Euoean heeoe oom oubyaeinheakounoouanguae. 3

Tu, eie onainin wo om man an ivee oue,Enih i no Fankenein mone o a anguae. Rahe, i i he

mo oiiou, eei, an omooian oin o i ahe

ongue. I i a ivin an eahin an oanial evovin an-

guae. I i a anguae eovein i oo. I i a anguae ha i,

unike an o i eaive, mehoial an meahoial ea-

in he e o he joune i oenio ook ao he epe

o Aia ve o moe milennia eoe.6. When, how, n wih whom i he uy o Ino-Euopen

ngue commence?

Te oiii o a ommon oiin o ome o he Ino-

Euoean anguae wa avane Mau Zueiu van

Boxhon24 in 1647 who ave he name Shian o he oenio.

Boxhon ugeion i no eome wie known o aee

an a a onequene wee no uue uin hi ieime.Te man mo oen an wie eie wih havin iniiae

he e o omaaive inguii i Si Wiliam Oiena Jone25

(1746-1794), a hiooi, awe, jue an uen o Inian an

Peian uue. Ahouh hi oniuion wee uania in


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al aea in whih he woke, he i eha e known o ein

amon he o noe no on he on imiaiie eween he

Ino-Euoean anguae, u ao o hoheize ha he o-

ee a ommon aneo.Jone wa wha i known a a heoo, i.e. omeone who

seak an exeional ae nume o anguae wih hih o-

ien. A oun o, Jone iinguihe hime a a ingui-

i oi, havin eane Geek, Lain, Peian, Aai an he

ai o Chinee wiin a an ea ae. I i eoe ha he

en o hi ie he wa hih oien in hieen anguae an

knew anohe wen-eih eaonab wel.Touh hi ahe, a mahemaiian, ie when Wiliam wa on

hee, hi i no even him om atenin univei. Wiliam

auae om Univei Colee, Oxo in 1764, ain he

ee akin a jo uoin even-ea-o Ea Sene. Uon

auain, Jone woke ix ea a oh a oeiona uo an

anao. Duin hi ime he ao ubihe he o man o

hi wok on Peia, uke, an he Mide Ea, hee ea-ihin hi euaion a an oienai.

Beinnin in 1770 he uie aw, a oeion ha evenual

e him o hi ie wok in Inia. Beoe heain hee, howeve,

he woke ie a a iui jue in Wae an a a neoiao in

Pai wih Benjamin Fankin ove iue eain he Ameian

Revouion. Evenual, Jone wa apoine o he Sueme Cou

o Bena in 1783.

B al aoun, Jone wa enane he uue o he Inian

uoninen an ame o view i a a eie e o Euoean

hoahi. Duin he en ea he sen in Bena, Jone oune

he Aiaik Soie o Bena, enne ozen o wok on Inia,

an ine-haned iniiae he onemoa u hee o vi-

ual eve oia iene. Hi inee wee no imie o om-

aaive inguii. He ao woe aou he oa aw an u-

ue, mui, ieaue, oan, an eoah, in adiion o o-

uin he Enih anaion o evea imoan wok o

Inian ieaue. He ao anae he wok o evea oiena

oe, hie amon hem ha o aguab he mo imoan oe

in al Peian ieaue, Sham a-Din Muhamma Haz-I Shiazi


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(13261389).26 Hi anaion o oiena oe ae oen ie

a he majo inuene an iniaion o he Enih Romani

oe o Lo Bon an Samue ao Coeie.

Jone aiuaion in 1792, o on imiaiie eween ouo he oe anguae known in hi imeLain, Geek, Sanki,

an Peianan o he oiii o a enei eaionhi amon

hem i il wie aee o hi a:

TeSankianguae,whaeveeianiquiy,ioawone-uuue;moeeehanheGeek,moeoiouhanheLain,anmoeexquiieyenehaneihe,yeeain

oohohemaoneaniy,ohinheoooveanheomoamma,hanouoibyhaveeenoueyaien;ooninee,hanohiooeouexam-inehemalhee,wihoueievinhemohaveunomomeommonoue,whih,eha,nooneexi7

Wihin a ew eae emai eeah on he anguae

oken in eion a a-un a Saninavia, Geee, an Iniaha een uneaken in eane an he em Ino-Euoean ha

een oine. Semai omaion o hee an ohe o an-

guae ae uneaken Fanz Bop28 upoe Jone heo.

Bop Coaaie Gamma, apeain eween 1833 an 1852,i oniee he ain oin o Ino-Euoean uie29 an

omaaive inguii a an aaemi iiine.30

7. Wih wh queion i he cemic icipine o comp-ive inguiic now concene?

Amon moen ingui an hiooe hee i wieea

onenu aou wha ha een ale he one a an one

hohei.

Te one a i ha eain anguae een imiaiie

amonhemeveonumeouanoeiehaheyannoeatiueohaneanouhakinhaheyannoeexaineaorowinoauniveaeaue.Teonehyoheiihaheeanguaemuheneheeuoeenomaommonoiina. 3


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Aoin o Wakin, he ineviabe onuion o he oma-

aive meho i no mee eae onmaion o he exiene o

he aneeen anguae: i wil ao eu in he eoaion o i

eenia haaceii, o al o i aien eaue.In he e iumane, a wih Ino-Euoean, we aneonuheoun,om,wo,evenheuueoen-enein ho, oh amma an exiono a anguaeokeneoehehumanaehainveneheaowiin.Iiwoheeinonhiaomihmen.Aeonueammaaniionayannoaimanyooomee-

ne,oeue,anheeonuionmayawayehaneeaueonewaaoeteanayi.Buiemainue,aoneiinguihehoahaui,haaeonueo -oanguaeiaoiouaia,onewhihiamoeeiouhananyhinanahaeooianevehoeouneah.3

Hee Wakin ae eoquen he imoane o a eon-

ue ooanguae.Tihioyiouinguiiheiae;ouaneso,inaeau-uaene,aeouinguiianeso.Buimueeehainguiiheiae,whieimayenooreonwihuuaoninuiy,oenoimyeneioiooiaeen.Linguiuehehaeeneialyeaeoeeimyoanguaeeeneomaommonaneso. 33


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3. MethodooyExuin i hee-wo ie, Te Gea Invoaion onain 113

wo. Beaue evea o hoe wo ae eeae, i aual on-ain on 51 unique wo. Howeve, when ineion o hoe

wo ae aken ino aoune.. no an non oMin aninhen he nume i 47, a hown eow. Ti oe no mean,howeve, ha hee ae 47 oo. Tee ae evea eaon wh hi

i he ae. Fi, a he anai in uequen hae emon-

ae, evea o he wo hae he ame oo. Man o hee we

wou no use a ane, e.. Fo an o owee anwih. Seon, hee ae evea wo ha onain wo labe,

eah o whih ha a ieen oo, e.. een whoe oo ae e,whih mean own, anan, whih mean o ea o im.

Ti, hee i he mate o muie meanin o eniion

o wo. A we ae al awae, wo ve equen have moe

han one meanin. Someime hoe meanin ae oe eae

an omeime he ae ve ieen, o ieen in a ha hema have een eive om ve ieen oo. A ee exam-

e i he woLi. A a noun i ha man meanin al o whiheain o he oue o he eeion o iluminaion an ih-

ne. Ti meanin oiha eu a i Ino-Euoean (IE) oo.Bu ih ha ohe ommon meanin, e.. a an ajeive i an

mean havin ite weih a in i ooox i i. A a ve ian

mean o een o he oun. Boh o hee meanin eenom a ieen oo han he e o meanin; he ae eiva-

ive o he oo e whih mean havin ite weih an whihive ie o wo uh a evi, eehaun, eevae, an aniva.

Cea, he meanin o ih ha hou ap een on he on-

ex in whih i i oun. Given ha he Invoaion a a whoe ha

moe han one meanin, i i no inoneivabe ha he ame ou

ho ue eain he wo o whih i i omie.


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abe 1. Wod Count and Fequency

Count Word Frequency Count Word Frequency

1 Fom 4 25 Wil() 2

2 he 16 26 i 1

3 oin 2 27 Know(n) 2

4 o 10 28 uoe 2

5 Lih 5 29 guie 1

6 wihin 2 30 ite 1

7 Min() 2 31 whih 2

8 Go 3 32 Mae 1

9 Le 6 33 an 510 eam 2 34 eve 1

11 oh 2 35 we 1

12 ino 2 36 al 1

13 men 4 37 ae 1

14 een 1 38 Pan 2

15 on 2 39 wok 1

16 Eah 3 40 ou 1

17 Love 4 41 i 118 Hea() 2 42 ea 1

19 Ma 2 43 oo 1

20 Chi 1 44 evi 1

21 eun 1 45 wel 1

22 o 1 46 Powe 1

23 ene 2 47 eoe 1

24 whee 2

OaL 113

Final, hee i he mate o he ae o knowee onen-

in wo an hei Ino-Euoean oo. A iue eviou,

he e o omaaive inguii an Ino-Euoean uie ae

eaive new. Te oo o al wo in he Enih anguae have

no e een unovee. Amon hoe ha have, hee an e an

oen i iaeemen amon hoa. Moeove, ine eeah in

hee e oninue aae, wha i aee knowee now an

e uje o hane a new uneanin aee.

Souce. Tee ae evea eeene oue onainin he

PIE oo. I ean ookin u he eniion o eah wo in


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he onine veion he Aeian Heiae Diionay o e EniLanguae (AHDEL).34 In adiion o eniion o ove 90,000

wo, he AHDEL ao onain an apenix35 wih eniion

an eiion o ove 600 Ino-Euoean oo o man ohoe ame wo. Hee i how ha apenix i eie:

TiDiionayarieheeymooyoheEnihanguaeoioiaannauaonuion,oiheoumenayhi-oyowoioineeanvaue,oiheieonueehioy.Tehioiaomoneni ivenin heeymoo-

ie,aeheeniioninhemainoyoheDiionay.TiApenixupieheehioiomonen,ainheuimae Ino-Euoean eivaion o hoe Enih woha ae eene om a eee ou o Ino-Euoeanoo.Teexoeahenyeieineaiheeveo-menoMoenEnihwoomheoo.EahnumeeeionoanenyeinwihaioheMoenEnih

woeiveomaaiuaomoheoo.36

Te mo imoan eeene uon whih he apenix an

i enie e i Juiu Pokon Inoemanihe Eyooihe

Weuh.37Aoin o he AHDEL, hi wok i

he ana wok o eeene an ynhei in he Ino-Euoeane,(ani)arieaulaneoheauaom-

aaivemaeiaonwhihheooaeeonue.38

Bu whie he enie ae wel-eeahe an exeme

eaie, he AHDEL oe no aim ha he enie ae eniive

o omehenive:

OuApenixeenonyhoeaeohemaeiahaaeieyeevanoEnih.()heinomaionivenin

hiApenixiaeiveahehanexoioyanheevi-eneanevauaionuonwhihiaeionaeaeaenoeenehee.39

A eon oue ha wa uiize in he oue o hi eeah

wa he Onine Emooia Diiona, a ie ha oieo


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Doua Hae40 eie a a ma o he whee-u o moen

Enih. A wih he aoemenione apenix, he Onine

Emooia Diiona i an oemo ineee in Enih

ahe han muiingua emoo:Eymooieaenoeniion;heyeexanaionowhaouwomeananhowheyoune600o,000yeaao.Teaeeieawoiniaeheeaieyeaowhihhee i a uvivin witen eo o ha wo (in Enih,uneohewieiniae).Tihoueakenaapoxi-mae,eeialyeoeaou700,ineawomayhaveeen

ueinonveaionohuneoyeaeoeiunuinamanuihahahaheooouneouviveheenuie.4

Te ai oue uon whih hi oue eie inue:

WeekeyAnEymooiaDiionayoMoenEnih,Kein A Comehenive Eymooia Diionay o he

Enih Languae, Oxo EnihDiionay (eon ei-ion), Banha Diionay o Eymooy, HohauzenEymooiheWeuh e Enihen Sahe,Ayo0hCenuyWo,anChamanDiionayoAmeianSan.4

Tu, whie hee i a emenou amoun o hoahi ehin

he emooie ha ae eene in hi ook, i i imoan onoe ha hee i an eemen o ujeivi an ineeaion in

he eonuion o vaiou oo he auho o he oue

maeia an he auho o hi u. Ta havin een ai,

he wo o he Invoaion ae eaive ew an ime. Al u

one apea o have an IE oo an none apea o e he uje

o an onove eain hei meanin o hio. Ti i no

unexee iven ha he iean el u ha he Invoaion waonue wih wo ha wou make a ea one o i mean-

in uneanabe o he majoi o he human ami. Te ue

o muilai an/o hih ehnia o eoei em wou

ike have mae hi ojeive moe ifu o atainmen.


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Part II:

Same Root,

Same Meaning

I N HIS FIRS ANALyICAL SECION hee ae heehae. Teein he oo o ix woom, oh, pu-poe, o, whee, which ae examine. Te o hee hae,

Chae 4, onen om, oh, an pupoe, al o whih ae

eive in whoe o a om he ame oo,e. Te nex haeonain an anai opupoe an o,oh o whih ae eive

in whoe o a om he oo ao. In he na haewhee an

which,oh o whih ae eive om he oo o, ae examine.Ineein, i i hown ha ve o he wo ae eae o he

ixhpupoein an unusee an ve imoan wa.


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4.Fowad:Fom, Foh, n Pupoe

Te wo Fom, oh an he ex puin he wo pu-

poe al eive om he ame oo,e. Aoin o heAeianHeiae Diionay o e Eni Languae (AHDEL), hi oo i:

(he)aeoeoiionanevewihheaimean-inoowa,houh,anawieaneoexeneeneuh a in on o, eoe, eay, , hie, owa,

aain,nea,a,aoun. 43

Deivaive oe inue: he Lain e, houh, o, ; heGeekei , aoun, nea, eon; he O Ruianee, aoun,

aain; he Laino, oh, owa; he Gemani u, owa;he O Enih oma, ; he Geekoo, , oemo; heO Hih Gemanoa,eoe; he Sankiua, eoe; he Lain

ae an o , eoe; he O Enihoma, ; an he Lainiu, , oemo.

Te wo Fom ouie a unique ae in he Invoaion

aeoh ieal an guaive. A hown eow, no on i

i he Invoaion wo; i i ao he wo o he ine

o eah o he ou vee. Tu i i aoiae wih he gue o

seeh known aAnaoa, he ue o he ame wo a he ein-

nin o ueive enene o aue.Tu i eem apoiae ha hi wo, o a ea a wo

eive om he IE oo e hou e he Invoaion wo. Aoin o he AHDEL,44Fom i a eoiion ue o

iniae:

aeieaeoimeaaainoin aeieoinaheowoimi

aoue,aue,aen,oinumen eaaion,emova,oexuion ifeeniaion eaueo.


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Tu, whaeve apea ae Fom i ha ain oin, ha

o wo imi, ha oue o aue.

Ahouh he wo oh i ao eive om he ame oo a

e, no al o i eniion ae he ame. Aoin o he AHDEL,oh i ue inial a an ave meanin owa in ime,

ae, o oe an ou ino view.45 oehe, hee wo eiva-

ive oeeve o uneoe wo eae hin: , he exi-

ene o a oue, aue, oiin, o ain oin an hen, ome-

hin aou i acion o, eha, how i i ace uon. A we aw

aove, he ue oFo imie he exiene o oue whih, ini-

enal, ae name o ienie, e.. e oin o Li iin eMin o Go o e oin o Loe iin e Hea o Go.

Foh, on he ohe han el u how ih an ove eam om

he oue: he eam oh, i.e. owa, ou(wa) ino view.

Tu, houh eive om he ame Ino-Euoean oo, hee

wo wo ae ue in a omemena ahe han nonmou

manne. One iniae o u ha omehinin hi ae a aue

o oueexi; he ohe el u how i a o i ace uon.Ti eaionhi eween Fom an oh ie om he one

in he eon Sanza o he Gea Invoaion iven in 1940. A an

e oeve eow, oh apea even ime an omju one.

Noe how in he ine o ha Sanza vee we n he

ommanLe e Lo o Lieaion iue o wihou an inia-

ion o he oaion om whih hee Lo iue. No i i imme-

iae apaen wha i he ae om whih heMiy One i o

ome o o whee e a o e Lo i o o oh.

LeheLooLieaioniueoh.LeTeminuooheonomen.LeheRieomheeePaeomeoh, anominave.ComeohOMihyOne.

LeheouomenawakenoheLih,anmayheyanwihmaeinen.LeheaoheLoooh.Teenowoehaome.ComeohOmihyOne.


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TehouoevieoheSavinFoehanowarive.LeieeaaoaOMihyOne.LeLihanLoveanPoweanDeah

ulheuoeoheCominOneTeWiloaveihee.TeLoveoaryohhewokiwieyeaaoa.TeAiveAioalwhoknowheuhiaohee.ComeohOMihyOneanbenheehee.Conuaeaeeninwal.Teueoevinowmuen.46

In he one ae whee Fom apea in he eon Sanza, heoue o oiin o whih i i eae i e ee Pae. Ta i anoab e sei oaion han e ene wee e Wil o Go i

non an e ene wih we al e ae o en.

In he eon Sanza he emhai i ae onhoweain Gea

Live ae o a. Amo nohin i iniae eainwhee, i.e.

hei oiin, he ae om whih he a, o he ae om

hei acion ae iniiae. Tu hee i a uania imaaneeween oh, ue even ime an om,ue ju one.

In he hi Sanza he equen o hee wo wo i quie

ieen. Hee we e ve eaie an sei inomaion aou

oue: omi ue o ieni wo oin an wo enee

oin o Li iin e Min o Go, e oin o Loe iin eea o Go, e ene wee e Wil o Go i non, an e ene

wih we al e ae o en. How eneie wokin houh hoeoin an ene a i e emhaizeal we ae o i ha

ih an ove im eamo.47


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5. Backwad:Pupoe n O

Te wopupoe i omie o wo labe,puan -poe.

Te ome i eive om he IE ooea eie in he e-viou hae. Te ate i eive om a ieen oo, ao, he

oe meanin o whih i o o awa. Deivaive o ao inue:he O Enih oe, o; he O Geman aa, o, awa om; he

Geekao, awa om, om; he Lain o , ehin, ak, ae-wa; he O Noe ou, une akwa.48

Te eivaive o he oo opupoe oe a ahe emak-

abe eaionhi wih one anohe. Seial, hei oleive

meanin ae a he ame ime hih imia an aniheia. A

hown eow, oneha eivaive ha mean owa, oh,eoe, o in on o. Convee, onao ha eivaive whih

mean ak, akwa, aewa, une akwa, an ehin.

An e, uon oe examinaion al o hee eivaive ae unie

he ame oveahin o uniin hemeoiion in ae anime an ieion eaive o oiion. Tu, he wo pupoeemoie wo eae e opoin one. An a we hal ee

ho, i i he on wo in he Invoaion ha oe o.

One eseial ikin a aou he meanin o he oo o

pupoe i hei hiheo unknown (a ea o me) eaionhi o

he iean anaion o he Gaai. Pupoe i unique amon

wo in he Invoaion eaue on i, houh i oo an hei

meanin, emoie he iea exee in he hee ine o

he Gaai:

OTouWhoiveuenaneoheunivee,FomWhomalhinoee,oWhomalhineun,

UnveiouheaeoheueSiiuaSunHidenyaiooenLihTawemayknowheuhAnoouwhoeuyAwejouneyoTyaeee.


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Te hee oenin ine el u hee imoan hin: (1) ha

hee i a Gea Lie who uain he enie univee, who i he

oue o oiin o Lie (2) ha al hin oee om hi Gea

Lie an (3) ha al hin ome ak o eun o hi Gea Lie.In ohe wo, he Gea Lie i he oue o al ie o al ivin

hinoh a oiive oue in he ene ha hin emanae o

oee om i an a neaive oue (om ou human ese-

ive) in ha i ata al hin ak o i.

be 2. Deivive o Ino-Euopen ooe nao

Comparison Derivatives of per Derivatives of apo Teme

SimiaiGeman,a,

awa omGeekao,awa om

Dieion

Simiai Lainoxiu, nea(e)Ruiano, a,

nex o, Poiion

Dieene O Enih,eo, a,ahe awa

Ruiano, a,nex o,

Poiion

Dieene Gemaniu, owaO Noe, ou,

(une) akwaDieion

DieeneLain,o; Sanki,

a, ohLaino; ak Dieion

Dieene Geek,o, eoeLaino, ae,

aewaPoiion

Dieene Geek o, in on oO Enih, oee,

ehinPoiion


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6. Back and Foth:Which n Whee

Te wo wo which an whee hae he ame IE oo, o,ene he AHDEL a he em o eaive an ineroaive

onoun uh a who, whoe, whom, wha, wh, whih, how,

when, whene, whihe, whee, an whehe.49 Noabe amon

hee onoun ae hee o he a ou ie: wene, an ave

meanin om wha ae o oiin o oue wie, an ave

meanin o wha ae an wee, an ave meanin in o ao o wha ae. Comine wih oevaion om he eviouhae, we ae e o he olowin onuion.

Fi, ix wo eive om hee oo an apeain 22 ime

in he Invoaion, mee he i eniion o he guePaeenon.

Ta i o a, he wo ae eive om he ame oo: (1)Whee

an which ae eive om he oo o (2) om an oh ae

eivaive oe(3)o

eive om ao an (4)pupoe

ha wooo,ean ao. Seon, al hee o he oo ar he onno-aion o oh ae an ieion. Ao, he oo oo apea

ou ime ove he ix ine o he hi an ouh vee an in

an inovee aten:whee-which-which-whee.

FomheenewheeheWiloGoiknownLeuoeguieheitewilomen-

TeuoewhichheMaeknowaneve.

FomheenewhichwealheaeomenLehePanoLoveanLihwokouAnmayieaheoowheeeviwel.

Summy. Tee oo ive ie o ix wo whih apea 22

ime in he Invoaion. Tee wo ae eae moe wa o

hei oo han hei eniion: he al ar he onnoaiono oiion an o ieion eaive o ome oiion. Ti i an

inheen eomeia o aia eaionhi, he iniane o

whih wil e exane uon in ae hae. Moeove, he a-


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iua oiion o whih hee wo eem o ee i an oiin, a

oue, no ju ome aiai ene oin in ae o ime. Te

ame apie o he ieiona naue o hee wo. Te ie-

ion i aual wo-o an ahea; i i oh oh, i.e. ou anawa om, an ak owa he oiin. Te ae he ouoin an

he inomin, he ouoin al an he inomin eone; he

ae invoaion an evoaion.

Fainain, one wo aove al ohe in he Invoaion a-

ue hi eaionhipupoe. Ti wo ha oo whih on-

noe he iea o a oue om whih emanae ouoin imue

an o whih inomin imue eun. Puoe i hen gua-ivei no iealhe ene o oe o he Invoaion, he

uum aou whih i ivo, he Sun aoun whih he e oi

an aw uenane.

Final, i i eha no oiniena ha he oiionin o

ve o he ix woom, oh, pupoe, which, an whee

exhii equal ahea atenaenaion, a i movin

eween wo oe (a--a-) an inoeion o oubin ak onie (a---a)aten whih oreon o he uneinmeanin o he wo hemeve.50


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Part III:

Diferent Root,

Same Meaning

HE HREE CHAPERS o Pa II oue on wo eiveom he ame oo an whih hen have he ame o veimia, a wel a eae meanin. Pa III onain evea ha-

e ha oaen he anai o inue wo in he Invoaion

whoe oo ae ieen u whih have he ame, hih imia,

o eae meanin. Te na eion onain an anai o wo

whoe oo ae ieen an whih have iimia u eae

meanin.


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7.Pierce:Poin n Cene

Te oo o poin i eu whih mean o ik. I eivaive

inue: he O Fenh oin , ik, mak, momen; he Lainui , uii, oxe,unu, , unae , o h wih he ,

unee o ik, anue, . I i ao he oo om whih weeive he noun ui ik (a on oe wih ade en ue

in ame oe ainin o imuae hin wih aone), an

onia (a age, ial one havin a ene quae o ian-

gua bae), a wel a he ve imun (o atak a ae o que-

ionabe; halene in agumen), eun (o opoe o onen

aain), an he ajeive unaiou (omaive in naue; e-

ieen). Tee eniion ae al in keein wih one o he i-

ma eniion opoina ha en o he oe o a hae

ha ae o a ha en.52

Te Ino-Euoean oo o cene i enwhih, ineein,

ao mean o ik o ja.53 I hie eivae i he Geekenein,o ik. I i om hi oo ha we eive wo ike amnioen-

eia oeue in whih a mal ame o amnioi ui i

awn ou o he ueu houh a neede inee in he ao-

men.54 Te ufxe om o en i he Geek eso. Fom iwe

eive he noun ide, a an o maeia aoun he wai (he

anaomia ene) an e (a an o ie o uke aoun he

o, uual a he wai). Ineein, a a ve e mean o hi

o ike ha wih a e o he .55 A a noun i mean he a o

hitin vioou.

Te one wo hae eivaive o he wo wo i ik.

A a noun i mean oh he a o unuin wih a mal

oin an a eeion ahe o ave ino a uae. A a

ve i mean o aue a inin ain an o aue ha emo-

iona ain.56 When ha wo, ik, i aken oehe wih he

eniion an aoiaion noe aove, a ahe ikin iue

emeeoh ieal an guaive ikin. Wha i ea

ein imie i hi: he eneie an eniie emanain om he

ou oin an ene have he aai o ike, o eave a mak


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uon, an o iee o eneae he uae o ha a whih he

ae iee. Tee i an unmiakab ha, atakin, oweu,

an vioen apiaion o oe imie hee, oe whih, houh

had maiiou o il-inene, nevehee oue ain aniomo. Wha i ouhe i no e unhane.

None o hi hou ove iein, howeve. Te iean

emo imia anguae in Hi iuion o ih, eseial i

oe in eaion o amou, iluion, an he Dwele on Teho,

ainin enane ino he Aham, an eneain he nume-

ou vei whih uroun u. Hee i u one o man oibe

exame:inheyalizaionohimaeiaaeomeheeaopouniyo ike a eady boonheaneayDweleonheTeho.Teeacionahiime,houhheeoiumane, iininaouamoeiiuaunean-inanaeoanizaionohumanvaue,anhiiaoheoewheeyaviaaohewoamomaye

iiae

When he Budha wa on Eah an ahieve iluminaion,HeeinaoooihuonhewoobemhouhHienuniaionoheFouNobeuh.HioyoiieanHininehuneahaomuaehoeoueauhinoauueoomaanoinehayheoweoo-

eivehouhhaeayheein e atak uon e oiluion.oayheChiiaryinowaheameeaakaninheiiuainianeoHiimminenComin(aninheanguaeoymoim)HeanHininehouanaha il ike a eon bo ahewoamo.(Emhaeade.)57

Ti quoe i eseial inian. Te eon aaah

uneoe how he Budha an he Chi, he ea exoneno emoimen o Lih an Love, he veiabe oin o Lih

an Love menione in he Invoaion, eseive atake

wo iluion an wil ike a omin bow a wo amou.

Equal imoan ae he aeion in he aaah ha


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men o oowil ao have a oe o a in hi ama an ha

houh meiaion he wo hinke have a ea opouni

o ike a ead bow aain he anea Dwele.


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8.Rub:Chi n reun

In he eviou hae i wa hown ha wo eive omeu

an en , he oo opoinan cene, ae haaceize heon, even vioen, apiaion o oe; e.. o ik, ja, oke,

ike, hi, an eneae. wo ohe wo in he Invoaion ao

onnoe he hia apiaion o oe. Te em i he ae

o eun , i.e.un , whoe oo i ee an whih ao mean ou, un.58 Amon he evea eivaive oee arin hi oeae onnoaion ae he Gemani ean, o heh o ea

an eu, wie an. Fom he Geek hee ae eeon, a kino iin wom; oeu, a oin oo; ema, eoaion; aua,

hu, woun; iein, o u, heh, oun, wea ou; oein, onaw; an ue, hoe. Fom he Lain hee ae eee, o u awa,

heh, ea, wea ou; ee, oune, mooh; io,ow ox; aniuu, a hehin ee. Tee ae ao he Mide Duh

ilen, o il an he O Enih ean, o heh; aan, oun, wi; an ae, hea.

Te eon i Chi, he oo o whih i ei , o u.59 I

eivaive inue he Lain Ciu, Chi;he Mide EnihCi, Chi; he Gemani i, o mea; he Mide Enih

ie, ime; he O Enih ii, o ihen o o ae onhe min ; he O Enih ii, eriin; he Geekein, o

anoin; he GeekKio, anoine.Tee i iniae ha hee i an imoan ieene

eween he wo e o ubin: in he ate ae, ei he u-in i o a oe o ene kin, e.. anoin, mea, oune, an

mooh. In he ome ae he ubin eem o invove he api-

aion o moe oe (ea, oun), he movemen o he hin

o whih he oe i apie (wi, un), he emova o eaa-

ion o a ovein o oeive ae (u awa, heh, wea ou),

o aain, he eneain o ome exeio o uae (il, oe,

eoaion, ie, naw), o o ini amae (hu, woun). Sil,

we hou no oe ih o he a ha a ew o he eivaive o


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ei ive ie o wo ha ae equal a, e.. ime, ihen-in, an eriin.

In he na anai, Chian eun exemi wo e o

ubinhe ome i o anoin, he ate o u awa. Tu, heoo oChian eun hae wih he oo opoinan cene,

a kin o oeune o he apiaion o oe. Wih Chian

eun hee i he ee o iua o eeiive moion an o i-

ion (il, oe, u, anoin, wi, un, u awa, naw) in he

apiaion o he oe. Te oe imie in poinan cene i

oine, ha ie, an ikin.Uimae, al e eneah he

uae, u in ieen wa.Ti anai wou no e omee wihou a iuion oe-,he oo o he labe o eun. I ai meanin i ak-

wa an i eivaive inue:

heIno-Euoeane, we,oun,iealyuneak

heLaine()-,akwa,aain

Laineo,akwa,ak,ehin TeIno-Euoean(uxeom)e-()-oanea,

aoneaoowaheoeio;movinoieeoenininaakwaieionoonayoaeviouieion60

Wha i immeiae evien om he aove abe i he ie-

iona ase o hi oo. Revein oue, movin akwa, aneain one eviou ah ae al ugee in he aove eni-

ion. An hee i an unmiakabe an mmeia aten hee.

In oe o apeaane we have: poin-poin-Chi-e-un-

cene-cene, a hown eow.

FomhepoinoLihwihinheMinoGoLeiheamohinoheminomen.

LeLiheenonEah.

Fomhe poinoLovewihinheHeaoGoLeoveeamohinoheheaomen.MayChi-e-unoEah.


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FomhecenewheeheWiloGoiknownLeuoeguieheitewilomen-TeuoewhihheMaeknowaneve.

FomhecenewhihwealheaeomenLehePanoLoveanLihwokouAnmayieaheoowheeeviwel.

LeLihanLoveanPoweesoehePanonEah.

When he oo an hei ai meanin ae ae in oe

o apeaane he imo o he aten i eae: ik-ik-u-eee/eun-u-ik-ik. Wih uiae emove i

i im: ik-u-eee/eun-u-ik. Ti i eie heinoveion aten ene an iue eaie. Te oo e

no on apea in he mide o he ve (o even) meme eie,

i meanin i onien wih i oe a he oin aou whih he

eie un ak o evee ieion.

ye, hee i anohe even moe imoan eaionhi oneou hi ou o oo. aken oehe, he ooeu, en, eie-, an ee exemi he hee e o moion eie heiean in A eaie on Coi Fieoa moion, ia i

moion, an owa oeion.61 Tee hee om o moion

oreon, eseive, o he Ti Ra o Aive Ineliene o,

im, Lih; he Seon Ra o Love-Wiom; an he Fi Ra

o Wil-Powe.62 An when ae in oe o hei apeaane inhe Invoaion, a hown aove, an unmiakabe oeion i

apaen, one evienin inoveion amon he hee Ra.


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abe 3. Root Exemiyin Rotay, Sia,and Cycic Motion

Wo roo Menin ype o Moion ry

oin eu o ik, mak. owa oeion 1

Chi ei o u, anoin. ia i 2n

e- e- o un (ak). Roa 3

-un ee o u awa. ia i 2n

ene en o ik, ja. owa oeion 1


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he Mide Duh eoeave, emiion; he O Eniheeaa, eie, aih; he O Eniheean, eean, o eieve, u; heGemani aaujan, o ho ea, u, eeem; he O Enih

uu, ove; he Lain iee o e ea, eain; an he Lain iio,eaue, eie.

Te olowin quoe ae aken om he iean iuion

aou eie in eaion o Wil an Love. In hi exe he

exain he ue meanin o eie, he onequene o i ai-

acion, i oe in he oe o eaion, an i eaion o ove:

TeeieoheDeiyexeeiehouhheeonRay

oLove-Wiom.Deieiawowhihhaeenoiueooveheenenyohumaniyoavemaeiahinohoeeauewhihinaiacionoheenuounaue.I iapieohoeoniionwhihwilaiyheeon-aiy,uin e as anayi,eie i eenialy oe. Ti eieexee ie y ataciene, y i aaiy o a o ie an

ino e aiu o i infuene a wih i oe. I i e on

o oeene, an i a inie o anei oeion wih ieein al eaie o an wih oue e emeene ino ei o aniesaion o oe om o apeaane ou wih

i i oibe o aiy eie.66(Emhaiade)

Te iean oe on o exain he oe whih hoe

om o apeaane ae oue, wh Wil an Love ie aen

ehin hem, an how hoe wo majo a ae ae, moi-al seakin, om Fahe o Son wa o he Mohe.

TieonayiheayoDeiyIe,aniooeyi-iniveaeoeieoove.Teyoueheoaiyohemanieseapeaane,animaeyheLieWhihee-minehequaiy.TeFahe,SiioLie,wil o eek heaiacionoeie.TeMoheomatemeeheeie

aniataceaoyheFahe.Teimuuaeoneini-iaeheeaivewok,anheSonion,inheiinomheFaheheueoeieoove,anomheMoheheenenyaciveyoeaeom.Tu,inheanguaeoym-


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oim,haveheomwoomeinoein,anhouhheevouionaywokheoeioinowaoaiyinheeieoii.67

Quie apoiae he oo o eie i he Mide Eniheien, ie eene om he O Fenh eiean he Lain

eieae , i.e. e (o, om) + iu o ie, meanin a.68 Deiei ieal, hen, ha whih i ike o om a a. Ti a i om-

ee in ao wih he iean eahin whih el u ha

a an ohe eeia oie ae he vehie o manieaion o

Gea Live, o Go. We ma ao e iven aue hee o one

wh oh he Ho Bibe an he Aee Wiom ee o Chia Te Deie o Al Naion.69


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10. Beliee:He n Love

Wheea he eaionhi eween Love an Wil wa hown

o e ahe omex an eha unexee, he one eween

Love an Hei eaive oviou an aniiae. In an uno

nume o inane he iean eie he hea a he ini-

a ene houh whih he ene o Love an i oreae ae

exee. Fo exame:

Teheaeneeieheeneyoove. 70

Te ove ea imiay anmi ove-eney o he heaene,viaheoveea7

AheeneoaloveIan;omhaene,Iheouwilouwamove;omhaene,Iheonewhoevewilwok.MayheoveoheivineSeeheaoainmy

hea,houhmyouanhouhouhewo.7

Teinvoaiveaye,FomheoinoovewihinheheaoGo,eoveeamohinoheheaomenwilmeewihulmen.Chiwileooeinohewoomenheoenyanheiiniveeneyoinuiiveove. 73

Touhheeveomenoheheaanheueohehea

ene, hewil i ouh ino unionin aciviy. I i hehaaceiioii,anemonaeuoeanono.Touhheunoinanueoheheaeneheove-wiomaeiimiayouhinoueanheoveoGoieenwokinouinamanieanwok.74

Te Ino-Euoean oo o Hea i e , he ai meanin

o whih i hea.75

I eivaive inue he O Enih eoe,hea; he Lain o , hea; he Geekaia , hea, omah, oi-

e; he Ino-Euoean e-de, o ae u; an he Lain e-ee , o eieve. A iue in he eviou hae, heoo oLove i eub whih mean o ae, eie, o ove. Amon i eiv-


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aive we n he O Enih eeaa , eie an aih;eean , oeieve; an eean, o u.

Iniviual, he wo Love, He, an eie apea hun-

e o ime in he iean wiin. Muh e equen,houh no e imoan, hee hee ae oun in onjunion.

Wha I n mo ineein aou hoe enie i he eaionhi

awn eween miim, eie an aih, on one han, an a,

knowee an ouim on he ohe. Hee ae a ew eeen-

aive exame. Te , whih apea in Te Exenaizaion o

e Hieahy ue he wo in he onex o a iuion on Te

Doine o Avaa:Tioineiouninalheaiwoeiion,ineveyimeanae;iapeainheoineoheAvaaoheHinuaih,inheeahinoheeunoMaieyaBudhaoheKalkiAvaa,inheeieinheWesenwoinheeun o Chi anHiAven o eonComin, an inheoheieiuinohoheivineAvenueohe

Moemwo.Alhiiieuwihheunyineieomankininhe ovin HeoGo,Whoevemeemannee.Tewineohioyihaawayheapeaaneoman neeiy ha eenme wih a ivine Reveaion.Teeaonohiih,innaeinhehumanhea,ioeouninhecohenaueoDeiyie.TeChiianaemenhaGoiLoveiouneonhaeee,eonize,ii-

uaa.76(Boemhaiade.Iaiinoiina.)

Te eon exame, whih apea in he voume o

Diiehi in he New Ae, ue hee wo an eae iea in

he onex o a eiion o he ook ie an o he iie

whoe inuion ae onaine heein:

Muhinhiookinew.Muhiveyo,ieanove.

NoneoheeoehoenoinuionanoinuioninheAhamoheMaeaeainoee.Alae,howeve,ueaiananwiloonoheveyeninieoainanorow,iiine,ue,aiue,joyanaiiuaeoniionoamounatainabeoa.Somehave eenon hiPaho


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AeeDiiehi(ehnialyuneoo)omanyive.Someaevenuin o he imeoniouy anwiheieaeefooeaheWayoGo.al e myic,

enin o e occui.Alaenomaeoe,ivinueu,moenive inmanyifeenounie inhewo.Someae ohoox PoesanChiian y oeion; ohe aeRomanCahoi;iloheaeChiianSienioeonooneooheohemoemenau;omeaequieuna-aheaneeomaiaion.Noneohemeahia-iuaanoaihohiaiuaeiiouakouna

eeniaoavaion;heknowhaheonyeeniaieieinheiiuaeaiieaninheeeniaiviniyomankin.Tieieneeaiyinvoveaheauloove,aminoenanilumineyihoienaionouhanaieeiaeoevieanohealeviaionohumanufein. 77

In a hi exame we n he iinion uneoe in a i-

uion aou iniiaion in he ookIniiaion, Huan an Soa:

TuyaaeeieoeiheiniiaeouhaeoaewihuhanExiene.Iwileapaenohouh-uuenwhyhieveaino hePeenehaoeeealoheeveaion.Iouewihinheminoheiniiaeheolowinaieaizaion:Hiihoaeijuie,anhope n eiemeehemeveine-aeaine c.

Fihioinih,anhinuneenaeeen n known.Nomoeanheou,uhehaeomeinea,houhhiownefo,a noe.78(Boemhaiade.Iaiinoii-na.)

Ta aih, eie, hoe, an he mia wa ae onae

eeaed wih ih, knowee, a, an ouim hou no

e aken o mean ha he wo apoahe ae ireoniabe. In

a, ju he opoie i he ae. Te iean make hi aun-an ea in Hi enh iuion o he Invoaion in he

eon voume oDiiei in e Ne Ae:

Anewyeomyiiominoeeonize;heifeomhemyiohea(exeinaewouanininane)


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yhiaciaineeinurenwoafaiannoinei-iouanhuhmateony;heiiinguiheyhiakoineeinhiowneonaeveomen,yhiaiiyoee

Goimmaneninalaihannojuinhiownaiuaanoeiioueie,anaoyhiaaiyoivehiieinheihoheivinePeene.Almyihaveeenabeoohioaeaeoeeee,uheifeomhoeinheainhaheiabeeayoiniaeooheheehniqueohePah;heomineohheaanhea,inelieneaneein,uaninuiiveeeion,hiheoakin.Teea

oihoheSiiuaianowiluminehewayohemoenmyi,annoimyheihoheou,anhiwileineainyheae. 79


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11.Leave:Le n Love

Te wo Lean Love ae eae in imoan waone ha

ae no immeiae oviou aa om an anai ike hi one.

Fi, eivaive o hei eseive oo hae he meanin o

eavin, alowin, o emitin. Leha e a i IE oo. I meano e o o o aken.80 Amon i man eivaive i he O

Enih aean, o alow an o eave unone; he Lae Lain aeu,emi-ee ooni; he Gemani eiaz, ee; he O Enihoe, ae, ate, a; he O Enih etan, o hine, imee, make

ae;he Lain au, ie, wea; an he Lain, eni, o, ene.Te oo o Love i eub meanin o ae, eie o ove.

Inue amon i eivaive ae he O Enih eo mean-in ea, eove; he O Enih ea, emiion, i.e. eaue

o apova; he Mide Duh eo, eave, emiion; he OEniheeaa,eie, aih; O Eniheean, eean o eieve,

u; he Gemani aaujan, o ho ea, u, eeem; OEnih uu, ove; he Lain ie, o e ea, eain; an he Lainiio,eaue, eie.

Seon, hee i he mate o he aemen o hee wo.

A hown eow, hee i an unmiakabe aten in he oe

o apeaane o he wo Lean Love: Le i olowe Le

an Love an hen Lean Love aain, i.e. Le-Le-Love-Le

ove. Ta aten i hen eeae a eon ime o ha in oa

we have hi mo oohin equene: Le, Le ove, Le Love. Le,

Le Love, Le Love.

FomheoinoLihwihinheMinoGoLeiheamohinoheminomen.LeLiheenonEah.

FomheoinoLovewihinheHeaoGoLe oveeamohinoheheaomen.MayChieunoEah.


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FomheenewheeheWiloGoiknownLeuoeguieheitewilomen-TeuoewhihheMaeknowaneve.

FomheenewhihwealheaeomenLehePanoLoveanLihwokouAnmayieaheoowheeeviwel.

LeLihanLoveanPoweesoehePanonEah.

A mo noabe eaue o hi aten i oun in he eon

ine o he Invoaion eon vee. Te wo wo on ha

ine ae Leanove. A an e ea oeve, he ae ajaen

an ein wih he ame ononan oun. Te gue o seeh

eiin uh a eaionhi eween wo o moe wo i ale

alieaion. A iue in Voume I, he ee o hi gue i o

emhaize he wo an iea eae o one anohe houh i

ue. Whie Le an ove ae no he on ajaen wo in he

Invoaion ouh ino eaion via alieaion , hee ae evea

onneion whih, when aken oehe, make hi unique:

hewowoaeemhaizeyoeheyaeajaeninheeonanzaanoximainwooheae

heyaeemhaizeyalieaionheyhaeheameiniiaononanoun

heyaeemhaizeeyooialyohaeeaeo

woonnoineavin,alowin,anemitin heyaeemhaizeyaemenannueLean

Loveapeaahewowoinheeonineoheeonanza,heanzawhoekeynoeiLove,heSeonAe.

Moeove, he wo Lei a ve in he imeaive moo, ue

in ivin omman an ieion. I i, hen, eae o he Fi

Ra o Wil-Powe. Tu, wih Lean Love we have wo whihinvoke o al o min he wo ivine Ase an in numei-

a oe.


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12. See:Guie, Min, n rce

Guie, whoe oo i wei, mean o ee.81 Amon i eivaive

ae he Lainviee o ook o o ee, an he Cei i, ee. Teoo en, om whih een Minan min, ao ive ie o

he Geekani, ee.82 Fuhe, e, he oo o ce,ha a one oi eivaive he Sanki i, whih mean oe, ee, an Rihi.83

Tee ae evea ozen ue o he wo ee in he wiin o

he iean. Peha none ete uneoe i imoane han

he aae eow omA eaie on Wie Mai:

Eaheneaionnowhououeiee.Iikehewoeee-e,ooeeioknow.Teauoaloyouihayoueeno;youeeiveanane,aoinoviion,aaiaaeoheeaaiouh,ualhaiehidenehiniouoyouheeimenionaviion.Iineeayo

hoewhowanoaaueanmiteaninemeiaieeweenheKnoweoheaeanheiteonehaheykeeheieyeonhehoizonaneekhuoexenheiviion;haheyhoeaiyheinneeaizaionhaheyaeayhaveaneekoineaeioe;haheyhoonoheuhhaalhinaeheaeowaheeveaion,anhaheommateno.84

Wha hi aae emhaize i he onvee ie o wha wa

iue in he hae on Hean Love , wo whih hae

he meanin o eie. Real ha hee, in ommena on quoe

he iean emhaizin he iinion eween eie an

a, I woe:

Ta aih, eie, hoe, an hemyia way ae onae

eeaedy (y heiean)wih ih, knowee, a, anouimhounoeakenomeanhahewoieaaeireoniabe.Ina,juheopoieiheae.

In he aove quoaion om A eaie on Wie Mai heiean no on emhaize he imoane o knowin, he el


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u ha hee i a oe o iie a inemeiaie eween he

Knowe o he ae an hoe he em he ite one. Moeove,

he sel ou o u eie wha we nee o o make oueve

o uh u.Tee i one ohe noewoh eaue o he aove quoe ha

uni I ean wiin hi hae, ha eae m uneanin.

I i he enene whee he iean exee hi eeene o

he selin o he wo ee an he meanin o ha selin:

Eaheneaionnowhououeiee.Iikehewoeee-e,ooeeioknow.85

Touh he iean ee hi euia selin, i i no

immeiae ea wha he adiion o -e ad o ou une-

anin o ee. Te wo ee an mean an oeve who e-

eive viual, an auhoiaive eon who ivine he uue,

an a eon wih unuua owe o oeih,86 a aivoan

o ohe. Suh eoe wou eumab aea eon o he

aeo o Knowe o he ae o wou have a ea me heequiemen o ein he kin o inemeia he iean men-

ion. A a ufx, -e an i ua -e enoe a:

eon()ohin()haeomaeieacionoaciviy,e..aameionewhoam

eon()ohin()hahaveaeieatiueoom,e..awo-wheeehawowhee

eon()eoninoaeieaeoou,e..aiyweleiomeonewhowelinaiy.87

Bu, aain, i i no ea wh eakin ee ou ino ee an

he ufx -e ad he onnoaion o knowin. Tee i noh-

in in he eniion o ue o hi ufx ha neeai imie o

one he iea o knowin. Given ha nowhee ee in Hi wi-

in oe he iean apen he -e onuion o a wo aHe i hee, hee ae ew ea o olow. Une, o oue, we

hooe o ea -e no a a ua ufx u a a ah olowe

he Ino-Euoean oo e. A hown aove, i eivaive

inue oh ae he Sanki i whih mean oe, ee, anRihi. Now he iea ha o ee i o know i eae. Aoin


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o he iean, Rihi ae Gea Live ha enou he even a o

he onelaion Te Gea Bea. O ha onelaion we ae o

man exeme imoan hin inuin (1) i ena ea-

ionhi o ou hihe anea ene, Shamala:TeeneieominomheGeaBeaaeeaeohewilouoeoheoaLooanaeohieaBeinwhahemona i oman.Ti i aeemyey anonewhihevenhehiheiniiaeannoyea.IevenounieeneieahouhSamala.88

(2) he eaionhi o one o hoe even Rihi o ou PaneaLoo:

Teevaoheaomieveoalheaneinouhemewok in oe aiaion:Wih hoe evawho om heii-uaneohemaniesaionohaaiuaRihioheGeaBeaWhoiheooyeoouaiuaan-eayLoo.89

an (3) eha mo imoan o al, he oe o one o hoe

Rihi a he oue o omi evi in eaion o ou ane:

ComieviomheanoinoouaneoniinheeaioneweenhaiiuainelienUnioRihioheSueioConelaionaHeiale(whoiheinominLieooneoheevenaoheGeaBea,anouan-eayooye)anoneoheoeohePeiae.Suennee hee o ememe ha he even ie ae ouyaleheevenwiveoheRihi,anhaheuaoe(euanomhaeaionhi)onveeanayhouhhaoneoheaneayLooiwhoiheLoooanya-iuaane,aniheeeionoanyeiRihi.Inhieaion,aeenakineeajumen,iehihemy-

eyoomieviaimakeieeinanyaiuaan -eayheme.90


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Whie he acion o uh a Gea Lie ma eem imoib

emoe o we ite one i i ao imoan o make noe o hi

aae, whih olow on he hee o one aove.

TiavaahanaualyaieefeuonheeneoheHeavenyMananheeoeuonheuniohumanMona,uonyinieyanuonheMonaoniownane.TiinuenemeewihiteeoneomheMonauniaehehiIniiaionwhenioniouieeomeoonha i i aeh i eoi exeion in one ieion, anawakenoaneayeaizaioninanohe.Tiyeoavaa

apeaonyaheimeoheiniiaionoaaneayLoo. 9

I make he oin ha he inuene o hi Rihi i ve oe

in ime, a ea o hoe apoahin he Ti Iniiaion, hoe

who unoued ae aea (o ho wil eome) ee-e in

ona wih he Knowe o he ae.92


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13.Ma:Know(n), Se n Poin

One halene o eneain he ue inne imiaion an i-

niane93 o he wo o he Invoaion i o eemine whih

o hei evea oibe meanin ae inene. A ae in oin i

he wo e whih, a a aniive ve, an mean:94

oaxaeaoinoeooveauheniiyoateoauay,eaweih,quaiy,oanoheana.

ooewihoaiwihaea,e..e eae e etei o wax.

ooehemeialy. omakeaolu,awihaeoemen. oapyawaeoooaino:ea a bako ieay. oan,eiy,oeinaeuneeaoauhoiy. oesabihoeemineirevoaby:Ou ae wa eae.

oovewihvanih. ohuoe;okeeoe;omakea;okeeeueo

ee.

When we ea he ineAn ay i ea e oo wee ei elwe ma ihul wone wha i mean ea? o oe he

oo hemeial? o ae a ea o in o mo on he oo?

o hu an kee i oe a? Al hee?One manne whih hi amigui an e eove i o

onu he iean uania ommena on he mate. Fo

exame, in he Apenix oTe Ray an e Iniiaion , he e-

ion enie Te Pi Sein o he Doo Whee Evi Dwel

ein hu:

Juwhaoheewomean?MoehanIanelyouou

inowo,oheobemoeviiooiuaoneoheaveaemanoa.TeobemoheHieahy(iImayuiohauaeyanyeymoialy)ioieaeheoo,eeheeauiu,eeaeheuean imue in ion


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une eahawhihinooo,hawhiheeuineanhae,anhawhihioheuhanieaouheuue.Ihavehoenalheewowihae;heimeanini

oviou,uheeaeinianeaooeeananeouoyouoa.95(Emhaiade).

Fom hi aae we ain hee imoan an eae inih.

Te an moe enea oin i ha he queion o evi i a i-

u one o he aveae man o omehen. Seon, he wo

ha he iean hoe o eie he obem o he Hieah

have oh iea an guaive meanin, he iniane o

whih ae oh ee an aneou. Final, hee i he mateo wha i mean e. Aoin o he aae he Hieah

mu immue in ion une ea ha whih i evi. o immue

mean o ok u o onne, in o a in a jai. Ti i ea m-

oi o guaive anguae. Wha exa oniue he ae

an oniion o he onnemen o evi i no mae eaan

ih o.

Te hae une ea i ugeive o he ixh o he aoveeniiono an, ei, o einae une ea o auhoi.

In he ea e, hi em i a ve ommon one. When a ona

i ai o e une ea hi mean i ha een ine an ha i

ha he wax ea o he inao atahe.96 Bu even i hi he

inene meanin, no sei ae iven a o he exa ieni

o he inaoie, wha i he omoiion o ein o he ea, e

aone he em o he ona.Emoo oe anohe apoah whih we ma ivine

moe meanin o onm ha whih we have aea iovee.

Te wo eha a i IE ooe, meanin o olow.97 I eiv-aive inue evea wo om he Lain:inu, an ieniin

mak o in;equi, o olow;equese, olowe, meiao, eoi-a;eunu, olowin, omin, nex, eon;eu, aon, aon-

ie o; anoiu, al, omanion, olowe.Ineein, he oo o a ea wo ohe wo in he

Invoaion have eivaive wih imia meanin: he aeno, o

know, he oo oknowanknown98 aneu, o ik o ja, he


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oo opoin.Te Lain noa, a mak, noe, o in i a eivaive ono whie he O Fenh oin , meanin ik o mak, eenomeu.

Tee i one ohe eaionhi amon hee hee oo ha iwoh noin: he wo in he Invoaion eive om eu, no,

ane apea in eah o he ou vee. Te wopoini ounin ine o he an eon vee; knowan known ae

oun in he an hi ine o he hi vee; e i oun in

he hi ine o he ouh vee.

Tu, io o he wo e hee ae wo oin an wo

known o a oa o ou, a nume aoiae wih quae.When we ake ino aoun ha ohe eivaive ono inue

he Geeknoon whih mean aene quae, ue, jue anhe Geekinoein, o know, hink, o jue we eha ein o

e ome iea o imenion o he onnin ae ehin he oo.

Tee eivaive ae ao ugeive o he mak o ea whih

apea on he oo, a wel a une whoe auhoi he ea i

ae. An when we eal he oeu wo o whiheu iveieuiim (he o o oxin) om he Lainui; , omhe Geekue,an -hin om he Lainunu anu-

nae, hen he quoe eow aou he oe o he Pan an he ae o

men in eain evi ake on ade iniane an imoane:

Tuhouh heenewhihwe al heaeomen hePanooveanihwokouan ike e ea boo

evi, ehne an eaaene, eain i ino he om oeahoeve;huaoheuoeoheCeaooalhinwileule.99(Emhaiade).

In a, i eome eae ha he eain o he oo an kee-

in i eae ou hae u a quie a hone enie no o

he ain o hea.


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14.Replace:Pupoe n resoe

Te wo pupoe an esoe ae unique amon wo in he

Invoaion ue o he a ha he eivaive o hei oo hae

moe han one ommon onnoaion. Te oo ohe eon -

abe opupoe,i ao.100 I ai meanin i o an awa. Amoni eivaive ae: he O Noe ou, une akwa; he Lain

o,ehin, ak, aewa; he O Enih oee, ae, ehin;an he Lainonee, o u, o ae.

Te IE oo o he ex o esoei ewhih mean ak-

wa.101 I eivaive inue he Ino-Euoean we , o un,ieal une ak; he Lain e-, e-, akwa, aain; he Lain

eo,akwa, ak, an ehin.Te IE oo o he ae o esoe i awhih mean o

an.102 Sevea o i eivaive mean ae. Amon hem ae

he O Enihee, ae ano, ae; he o Hih Geman

a, ae; he O Noe ad, ae; he Gemani aaz,ae; he Geekao , ae, anin; he Geekianai , oe, ae; he Lainauu, anin ae o abe; aniee,

o e, ae, o, o an.

wo heme emee om onieaion o hee oo u-

in ak an ino ae. aken oehe he in o min he

iea o eaemen. Te wo epae an i ineion apea

on 23 ime in he iean wiin. One imoan aae

onen he oe o he Sevenh Ra:

Sevenhayeneyiheeneyneeeoinoeouohaoanhyhmo epaeioe.Iihieneywhihwilin in henewwo oe owhihalmenwai; iwilesoeheanienanmak,iniaehenewiniuion

an om o iviizaion an uue whih human oeeman,annuuehenewieanhenewaeoon-iounewhihavanehumaniywil ineainyeie.Nohinanarehiaciviy;alhaihapeninoayameneahohenewway,ooanizeuniyaneae-


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ueuiy,ieinimemenehouhheinominRayoOeoCeemoniaMai.03(Emhaiade.)

Tu, he Sevenh Ra ha a via oe in he eaemen o

he een ioe wih he new an ouh o oe, an oeuie o humani avanin onioune. Wha make hi

aae imoan o ou uoe i he ivoa eaionhi o

he Sevenh Ra o he Gea Invoaion, a iniae hee:

Teifeeneeweenhemehooheoaeanhaohenewaneeenexee inheieao eaehiy

oneaneaehiyaou.Iiheifeeneeweenheimoiionoaniniviuaeoneoanieauonhielowmenan heeacionoaouoan iea,ouinouieaimanoaiziniinoenieom,aryinowaheemeeneoheieawihouheominaneoanyoneiniviua.Tiihemajoakoayoheevenhayi -ie,anohienhemueneveyeney.Hemueak

hoeWooPowewhihaeaouwo,anemoyheouaiaioninanoanizeoemen, whih,iwilenoeiquieiinomanoanizaion.AikininaneoheueouhaWooPoweeinenuniaeyaouhaaeyeeniveninheGeaInvoaionwhihhaeenuewihmakeefe.Ihouoninueoeue,oiiheinauguainmanamoheinominevenhay.Tii

heimeuhamanamhaeenouhoheatenionohumaniy.04(Emhaiinoiina.)

Tu, he Gea Invoaion, whih al o he eoaion o

he Pan on Eah, inauguae he Sevenh Ra whih eae

he om o he o, Piean ae wih hoe uie o he new,

Aquaian Ae. Ti e o eaionhi i ea ugee, alei

u, a u o hee ooao, e-, ana. Tee oo ae

oun in ou wo in he Invoaiono, pupoe, esoe, aneun. Ta i hee oo an ou wo makin a oa o even.

Ineein, hoe ou wo apea in he Invoaion a oa o

oueen (2 x 7) ime.


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15.Powehouse:Pn, Dwel, an, n Ino

A ea hee wo in he Invoaion have oo whoe eiva-

ive eae o ae o haiaion. One o hem i Pn. I oo

ia, o ea.105 Amon i eivaive ae he O Enih fe,

oo o welin. A eon wo i wel, he oo o whih i beu,o e, o ow, o exi.106 Amon i eivaive we n he O

Hih Geman uan o wel; he O Danih o, welin; heO Enih u, welin ae, owe, o oom aneu, wele;he Gemani uam, wele o ame, an ujam, welin. An

hee i en, he oo o he wo n, he ufx -in (a inwihin),an he ex in- (a in ino).107 I ha amon i eivaive he

O Enih in, inn (ino, haiaion), an inne (inie).Touhou he iean wok hee i one welin ae ha

i equen menione an whoe iniane i on emha-

ize: i i Shamala o he Fahe Houe. Hee ae u wo o

man exame:

Finaly,inheiumhoheCuixiono(aiimoeau-aeyaleinheEa)heGeaRenuniaion,Chi,oheime,anhoeoneahaenuouheaoheivineWil,aiiueomheFaheHoue(Shamala),aeino heuneaninuoyoheKinomoGo,an

houhhemeiumoheChiwaouhoheatenionomankin.08

Shamala,heSiiuaHieahy,anHumaniy(heFaheHoue,heKinomoGo,anhewoomen)aealiv-ininonevamovemenoanineniaionoheLihoheWo.09

Mo imoan o ou uoe, oh he Invoaion iean he iean iuion o i onain eeene o he Fahe

Houe. Fom he quoe eow we ean ha e ene wee e

Wil o Go i non, a hae onaine in he Invoaion hivee, i anohe eiion o he Fahe Houe:


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TeBudhaHimeianinehinheChiinhumbeeoniionoheivineakwhihHeionheveeoon-ummain, an eaue o he imminene o ha iiua

aomihmen.No ony ae al hoewho ae unioninoniouy in heKinom o Go awae oHiPan, uhoeeaiiuaBeinWhoiveanwelinheFaheHoue,inheenewheehewiloGoiknown,aeaomoiizeanoanizeoaiHiwok.TeiiuaineoueionomhehoneoheAnienoDayownohehumbeiie(aheewihoheaheeeohe

Chi)ioayoueonheakoheinhumaniy.0

Ti nex quoe, one om Te Exenaizaion o e Hieahy,make ea how he hee majo anea ene menione

in he Invoaionhe ene whih we al he ae o men

(Humani), Chi (Hieah), an he ene whee he Wil o

Go i known (Shamala)ae uniin o ee ha he Fahe

Wil i one:

Fom he Fahe Houe (he Shamala o he eoeii)hea haoneoh:Tehouhaome. Fom hekin-omoGowheeeinheChi,heanwehaeenunak:,Fahe,Tywileone;owninouugin,ewi-ee,unhapywoomen,heyieaeeyiin:MayChieunoEah.Tuinheheeeaiiuaen-

eheFaheHoue,heKinomoGo,anawakeninHumaniyheeiuonePuoe,oneieaanoneunieexeany

An in hi aae om Te Ray an e Iniiaion we ean

he naue o he eaionhi eween he hee ene, he se-

i en owa whih he ae aoin, an he Invoaion

ena oe in inin hoe en aou:

Te Gea Invoaion eae he wil o he Fahe (o oShamala), he ove o he Hieahy, an he evie oHumaniyinooneeaiane o Eneie; hiianewil


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have wo majo eu: he eain o he oo whee eviwel, an he wokin ou houh he Powe oGo, eooeoneahhouhheInvoaion,ohePanoLovean

Lih.


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16. Root:Race and Dwel

wo wo in he Invoaion have eivaive eerin o ae

ou o eoe haaceize ommon ane o ai. A

menione in he eein hae, he oo owel i beu. I

meanin i o e, ow, o exi. Amon i eivaive i he Geek

uon, ie, a, o ae.

Anohe wo arin hi aoiaion i, o oue, ce. Te

AHDEL ha wo eniion o ce , eah wih a ieen IE

oo.113 One o hoe oo i e whih mean o e in moion.114 I

eivaive inue he O Noe a, uhin, he Mide Eniha, uh o uhin; an uiou enouh, he Sanki i, oe,

ee, an Rihi. A iue eviou, he AHDEL ene Rihi

a Te imoia ahe o he human ae an oveein o he

eah who iniue eiiou eemonie an evie a oe

o aw. Ineein, one o he oe eniion o ce i oo.

Te Oxo Eni Diionay ha even ou o eniion oce.115 Tee ae:

. heaounninanonwamovemen

. aouoeon,animaoanonneeyaommoneen,oiin,oeaue

3. au,mak,i,oah

4. hehea,iveoun

5. awhiemakownheaeoaoohoe

6. aoo(oine)an

7. aaaeouoneionouninnoueinik-ay.

Te Ino-Euoean oo o oo i a whih mean oo oanh.116 Amon i eivaive ae he O Noe o, oo; he

O Hih Geman uz, an, oo; he Gemani uze, oo;he Lain aix, oo an amu,anh; an he Geekiza, oo.

Fom a we ao e he wo eainae whih mean o ulou he oo, o uoo, o iae om one naive o au-


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ome envionmen. Ti wo ome o Enih wa o he O

Fenh eainewhih mean o e-ae, i.e. o emove omeoneom hei oo.118

Te ommon hea inkin hee hee oobeu, e , ana i apaen. Fom he we have im a ou o eoe

o ommon ane, e.. he Geman ae. Fom he eon, e,we have he imoia ahe o aneo o an even ae ae

he human ae. Fom he ate ome wo uh a an, oo,

an anhwo whih evoke he imae o a ami ee, ie

a meaho ha onnoe he oo om whih in he human

ami ee an whoe majo anhe we mih hink o a ooae.


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17.Might:Min, My, Men,

Me, Powe, WilB wa o hei oo, ve wo in he Invoaion ar he on-

noaion o mih o enh:

Teooomyia,oeabe,ohaveowe.9IeivaiveinueheOEnihanheGemani

aan,oeabe;heOEnihianoeen;heGemaniah-iana-inam,almeaninowe;anheOPeianagu,memeoaieyae,i.e.amihyone.

TeoooWilaniua,wil,iwe,owihowil.0AmonieivaivewenheOEnihila,eieowiloweanheLainela,owihowil.

TeoooMeie,ea.IeivaiveinueheLainanu,heGeekea,anheSankiaha.AnheeiheLainaie,mae,hihoia,oiealy,hewhoieae.

TeoooheylabeoPoweioi,whihmeanoweu,o.Ihaonywoeivaive:heLainoi,oweu,abe;anheOPeianai,mae.

Teooomenian,meaninMan.IiveieoheSankiManu()whihmeanmananinHinuTeimoiaaheohehumanaeanoveeinoheeahwhoiniueeiioueemonieanevieaoeoaw.3

Te abe eow ummaize he meanin o he eivaive

o he ve oo menione aove. Fom he hi oumn we ee

hawe, whoe eivaive iWil,ive he iea o wilinne. Te

ouh oumn iniae ha a (My) an oi (Powe) on-


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noe abe-ne, i.e. o e abe o o, o ha whih enabe. Fom he

h oumn we ean ha ou oo ae haaceize a owe-

u o ul o owean (men), a (my),we (Wil), anoi

(Powe).In he ixh oumn we oeve ha ei he on one o he

oo aoiae wih eane. Howeve, al u one o he oo

uge Mih One, i.e. hoe who wie o emonae wil,

owe, o mih. Tee inue mae, Manu, o, oveein, an

maie.

be 4. Ino-Euopen roo ExempiyinMight

Root Word AbenessWiling-

ness

Power-

funessGreatness

Mighty

Ones

a Ma X X X

we Wil() X X

e Mae X X

oi Powe X X X

an men X X


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18.Leaning:Guide and Know(n)

wo wo in he Invoaion have oo whih onnoe he iea o

knoweewei, he oo oguie anno, he oo oknowanknown. Wei whoe meanin i o ee, ha amon i man eiva-

ive he Gemani iza, knoweeabe aneia, known; heO Enih i(), knowee, ineliene; he O Enih ian,

o know; an he Sanki eah, iua o ae knowee. Fomno, whoe meanin i o know, we e he O Enih unnan, oknow an o know how o; he Gemani annjan, o make known;

he Lain onoee o e o know; he Geekinoein, o know,hink, o jue; he Avean zaini, knowee; he Ruian zna

o know; he Uu an Punjai janna, o know; an he Sankijnana, knowee.125

Tee i ao an imoan ieene eween he wo oo,

a ieene o whih we hou make eseia noe. Teome,

wei, ao ha evea eivaive eae o wiom. Tee inuehe O Enih i, wie; he Geekioia, wie, ean, o eaneman; an he O Enih ia, wie man o ounio. Deivaive

ono, on he ohe han, ar no o uh onnoaion. Deiehi ieene, wiom an knowee ae ve muh eae. On

numeou oaion he iean iue he anmuaion o

knowee ino wiom. Hee ae hee uh exame:

Iwil e apaen o you, heeoe, ha hewhoe oa oheuueanoheeenefo,ioinhumaniyoheoinwheeiouyeakineneinoih.Teenieenoheeenueowa,whihanenoeoiinyinheae,ioenabeheaeoaquieknow-ee,oanmueiinowiomyheaioheunean-

in,anhuoeomeulyenihene.Enienmen i eajo oa o euaion.6(Emhaiinoiina.)

You aa oy i he mo inuenia o you vehie oexeionanyoueniiviyiheeuo ha.IImih


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exei,Iwouayhayououanexeiehouhyou aa vehiemoe eaiy han houh he ohe.Teaaneoinueneihee.Youaeonhewayoanmue

knoweeinowiom,aniwahiaenaaiyinyouwhihomemeoaeyouwheeyouae,oyouaeexeinhewiomaeoheoveay.7

Te Eney o Loe-Wio. Tieneyawayhaanefeuoneveyyeohumaneininhewo.Iefeioimuae he eneny owa oowil an o oue amena eveomen whih an anmue he knowee

aneeownheaeinowiom.Iiwiomwhihineeeoay.8

A h exame i eseial eevan ue o i apeaane in he

onex o a iuion aou he Gea Invoaion. In he eon

voume oDiiei in e Ne Ae he iean ave Hi ii-e evea e o inuion an eahin on meiaion. Pa

even o hoe eahin onaine Hi witen inuion ohe iie aou he Gea Invoaion. I wa hee ha He

ake hem o ue an o iiue i. An i wa in a eih ha

He imoe hem o meiae uon i wo:

Iamanxiouoaeainyoueacionoheewo,anamakinyouooneenieyeaoonenaeyoumeiaivehinkinanyoueeiveuonhem.Aheameime,hey

ovie,inanamoinguamanne,henexeveoinaeinheeieomeiaionIhaveanneoyou;heyhouao(inaeuiamanne)enabeyouomoveowainyouhinkinaninyouaiiyoaaacion.Loo o euneyin aa iea in i Inoaion. Iihee.FomyoueacionohiInvoaion,anyouaiiyoueihaea epin-one o eain eve o aa houh no

hiheoataine,Ihaleabeojueyoueaine,aini-viua,oeaineieaaoywokoheiniiaionwhihyouhouake.9


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An in Pa X o hoe inuion he exaine wha he eie

o meiaion wa uiin owainin eaive eu

ino he ie, oein om knowee o wiom, an eve-

oin om an aian o an ahami woke wih a eeeneapeiaion o he Gea Invoaion:

Iwouikeaoohowyouheynheioheenieevenmeiaionanemonaeoyouhowheyaneaheai-anon,eye,omknoweeinowiom;Iwouikeyouoaheahaiheemeiaionaeaeulyo-oweyyouheyanhaneyouomahea-oueaian

oanahamiwoke,imemeninheGeaInvoaion.30


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19. Tin:Men n Min

Te Ino-Euoean oo o he men i an an apoiae

enouh, i meanin i man o mankin.131 Amon i eiva-

ive ae he O Enih an(n), man an en(n), men; he O

Hih Geman, Mide Duh, an O Fiian an, al meaninman; he O Hih Geman ennio an he Gemani annia,

meanin human; an he Sanki ana, ae, hmn, o oune.Anohe one o i eivaive i he SankiManu. In he oao wo o Te iean ook Iniiaion, Huan an Soaan

Lete on Ou MeiaionManu i ene a olow:

TeeeenaivenameoheeaBeinwhoiheRue,imaoenioanhieohehumanae.IomeomheSankioomanohink.3

Cea, hee emooie ae iveen. A hown aove, heIno-Euoean oo an mean man, no o hink. Te oo ha

oe mean o hink i en , he oo ha ive ie o he woMinan min. Aoin o he AHDEL, i eivaive inue

evea wo eerin o vaiou quaiie an ae o min

an houh. Amon hem ae: he O Enih emyn, memo

o min; he Lain en, min; an he Geekmnemon, minu

an mneme, memo. Ti iveene, houh unmiakabe, ane eonie one we examine wha he iean woe aou he

wok o he Vaivavaa Manu inIniiaion,Huan & Soa.

TeManu eie ove ou one. He i aleVaivavaaManu,aniheManuohehoo-ae.He iheieamanohinke,aneheyeoouAyanae,havineieoveieinieineiineionneayonehun-

e houanyea ao.OheManuhave omeanonean hi ae wil e, in he eaivey nea uue, aken yomeoneee.33


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wo imoan a ae emhaize in he aove aae. Fi,

he Manu i one o hee eamen Hea o he Hieah, he

ohe wo ein he Chi an he Mahahohan. Ten hee i

hi oe a he iea man o hinke o he Fih Roo-Rae. Tieon oin i elin o in i he em an an ineae ue

nonmou; he mean he ame hin. Imii in ha hae

i he eoei uh ha he meanin o man i one who hink. In

he aae eow we ean ha he Manu wok onen mate

eae o he Fi Ra o Wil-Powe, e.. oii an ovenane,

an ha quie apoiae He ie he min, ahe han

hea, o he wo aemen:TewokoheManuiaeyonenewihovenmen,wihaneayoii,anwihheounin,ieion,aniouionoaiayeanom.ohimiommitehewilanuoeohePaneayLoo.(an)ohimiivenhewokoieinheminoaemeneveywheeohaaiaovenmenwiloeeaeie,anoniion

eouhaouwhihwilouehoeneeeoheo-einoanyaiuaye.34

Te na aae emhaize al he moe he eied mena

o minu apoah o he Manu a He onu Hi wok:

TeeneywhihowhouhhimemanaeomheheaeneohePaneayLoo,ainohimhouhheain

oSanaKumaa,whooaizealheaneayeneywihinhime.Hewokyhemeanoaynamimeiaion,on-uewihinheheaene,anouehieuhouhhieeeaizaionohawhihhaoeaomihe,houhaoweoviuaizehawhihmueoneoinaou aomihmen, an houh a aaiy o anmieaiveaneuiveeneyohoewhoaehiaian.

Analhiiouhaouhouhheoweoheenuni-aeoun.35

An wih hi a aae he aoemenione iveene i

onieab narowe. Te oo omen i an whih mean man,men, o mankin whie he oo o Min i en. Bu ine he


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eoei eniion o man i one who hink an an ive ieo Manu, he iea man an hinke an ooe o he enie

h oo-ae, an hi ae i one in whih he mena inie i

ein eseial imuae an eveoe,136

hen i i eae whan how he wo oo ae eae.


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20.Labo:Wok n Seve

Te oo owokiwewhihmean o o.137 Te majoi o i

eivaive ar he onnoaion o wok: he O Enih weo,wok, an yan, o wok; he O Hih Gemanwe, wok; he

Gemani weam, wok; he Geek eon, wok, acion; an heO Noe yan, o wok. Te oo o eve i ob.138 I ao

onnoe wok, alei o a ieen kin. Te meanin o he oo

i o hane aleiane o au.

Te meanin o i ufxe om, ob-o, i ee o ahe, i.e.

eive o

the compass of light, volume 2, etymology in the great invocation

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