The Concise Na’vi Dictionary v. 14.0

Compiled by Mark Millerwww.LearnNavi.org

Last updated: June 9th, 2019

This is a Na’vi Dictionary, without derivations to help searching. Bold indicates Na’viword. Italics indicate English definition. Plain text indicates grammatical categorization: pa-rentheses indicate further notes. We have included mid-dots in the IPA to mark where infixesare to be placed, where t«pre-first»«1»ar«2»on are the positions. Proper nouns have been ca-pitalized. Knowledge of lenition processes, including vowel reduction and ellision, will beassumed. Note also that variants, where specified, are subject only to personal preference.

Abbreviations:

– = morpheme boundary+ = leniting morpheme boundary<> = infix morphemeadj. = adjectiveadp. = adpositionadv. = adverbconj. = conjunctionc.w. = compound worddem. = demonstrativeintj. = interjectioninter. = interrogativen. = noun

nfp. = not for peoplenum. = numberofp. = only for peoplepart. = particlepn. = pronounprop.n. = proper nounv. = verbsvin. = stative intransitive verbvtr. = transitive verbvin. = intransitive verbvim. = intransitive modal verbvtrm. = transitive modal verb

Sources

We have sourced every word as best as we could. This sourcing is placed in a subscript after theIPA transcription and reveals the source of each word. For historical interest, this dictionarywas originally based on an initial list of around 500 words provided by Dr. Frommer in earlyMarch, 2010. As the language has continued to develop, additional vocabulary has been addedas it appears in communications from Dr. Frommer via his blog and emails. Dr. Frommer hassolicited the LearnNavi.org community to help come up with new vocabulary via the LexicalExpansion Project. This project continues and many suggested words now appear in the canonlexicon presented in this dictionary. Other sources are words modified by unproductive affixesthat are included here if Dr. Frommer has used them and words that have a modified semanticmeaning due to a productive affix. Order of canonicity, from most to least:

• PF = Dr. Paul Frommer• M = The Movie

1

• JC = James Cameron• G = the Avatar Games• ASG = The Survival Guide

P

’a’aw: ["Pa.Paw] PF adj. a few, several (Usedwith countable nouns in the singular form)

’akra: ["Pak.Ra] PF n. soil (fertile)’aku: ["P·a.k·u] PF vtr. remove, take away, take off’al: [P·al] PF vtr. waste’ali’ä: [Pa."liP.æ] PF n. collar / choker’ampi: ["P·am.p·i] PF vtr. touch’ana: ["Pa.na] PF n. hanging vine’ango: ["Pa.No] PF adj. soft (of a sound)’anla: ["P·an.l·a] PF vtr. yearn for’are: ["Pa.RE] PF n. poncho, cape, shawl’asap: ["Pa.sap^] PF n. sudden shock’asap si: ["Pa.sap s·i] PF vin. be shocked, be start-

led’aw: [Paw] PF num. one’awkx: [Pawk'] PF n. cliff’awlie: [Paw."li.E] PF adv. once (in the past)’awlo: ["Paw.lo] PF adv. once’awm: [Pawm] PF n. camp’awnìm: ["P·aw.nIm] PF vtr. avoid’awpo: ["Paw.po] PF pn. one individual’awsiteng: [Paw.si."tEN] PF adv. together’awstengyem: [Paw.stEN."j·Em] PF vtr. bind /

bring two or more things together (ii)’awve: ["Paw.vE] PF adj. first (ordinal)’ä’: [PæP] PF intj. oops!’änsyem: [Pæn."sjEm] PF adj. complete’ärìp: ["P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. move’e’al: ["PE.Pal] PF adj. worst’e’in: [PE."Pin] PF n. pod, gourd’e’insey: [PE."Pin.SEj] PF n. drinking gourd’efu: ["P·E.f·u] PF vtr. feel, sense, perceive’eko: ["P·E.k·o] PF vtr. attack’ekong: ["PE.koN] PF n. beat (rhythmic)’ekxin: [PE."k'in] PF adj. tight’ekxinum: [PE."k'i.num] PF n. degree of tight-

ness, looseness’ekxinumpe: [PE."k'i.num.pE] PF inter. how

tight, loose?’em: [P·Em] PF vtr. cook’emyu: ["PEm.ju] PF n. cook, cooker’en: [PEn] PF n. guess, informed guess, hunch, in-

tuition

’engeng: ["PEN.EN] PF adj. level’en si: ["PEn "s·i] PF vin. make an informed guess’eoio: ["PE.o.i.o] PF adj. ceremonious’etnaw: ["PEt.naw] PF n. shoulder’evan: ["PE.van] PF n. boy (colloquial)’eve: ["PE.vE] PF n. girl (colloquial)’eveng: ["PE.vEN] PF n. child’evengan: ["PE.vE.Nan] PF n. boy’evenge: ["PE.vE.NE] PF n. girl’evi: ["PE.vi] PF n. kid (affectionate form of

’eveng child)’ewan: ["PE.wan] PF adj. young’ewll: ["PE.wl

"] PF n. plant

’ewrang: ["PEw.RaN] PF n. loom’eylan: ["PEj.lan] PF n. friend’eylanay: [PEj.la."naj] PF n. acquaintance (with

the potential for becoming a friend)’eyng: [P·EjN] PF v. answer, respond’eyt: [PEjt^] PF n. the symbol 8 (not the value

eight)’i’a: ["P·iP.·a] PF vin. end, conclude’ia: ["P·i.·a] PF vin. lose oneself (spiritual sense)’ipu: ["Pi.pu] PF adj. humorous, funny, amusing’it: [Pit^] PF n. bit, a small amount’itan: ["Pi.tan] JC,PF n. son’ite: ["Pi.tE] JC,PF n. daughter’itetsyìp: ["Pi.tE.>tsjIp^] PF n. little daughter (term

of endearment)’ì’awn: [P·I."P·awn] PF vin. remain, stay’ìheyu: [PI."hE.ju] PF n. spiral’ìn: [P·In] PF svin. be busy, be occupied’ìp: [P·Ip] PF vin. disappear, vanish, recede from

view’llngo: ["Pl

".No] PF n. hip

’o’: [PoP] PF adj. bringing fun, exciting’ok: [Pok^] PF n. remembrance’okrol: [Pok."Rol] PF n. history (ancient)’oktrr: ["Pok.tr

"] PF n. day of commemoration

’okvur: [Pok."vuR] PF n. history (non-ancient)’om: [Pom] PF adj. violet, purple, magenta’ompin: ["Pom.pin] PF n. violet, purple, magenta’on: [Pon] PF n. shape, form’ong: [P·oN] PF v. unfold, blossom

2

’ongokx: ["P·o.N·ok'] PF vin. be born’ongop: ["Po.N·op^] PF vtr. design’ongopyu: ["Po.Nop.ju] PF n. designer’on si: ["Pon s·i] PF vin. shape, give shape (to so-

mething)’opin: ["Po.pin] PF n. color’opinsung: ["Po.pin.s·uN] PF vtr. color, color in’opinvultsyìp: ["Po.pin.vul.>tsjIp^] PF n. crayon’ora: ["Po.Ra] PF n. lake’oratsyìp: ["Po.Ra.>tsjIp^] PF n. pond, pool

’otxang: [Po."t'aN] PF n. musical instrument (ge-neric term)

’rrko: ["P·r".k·o] PF vin. roll

’rrpxom: ["Pr".p'om] PF n. thunder

’u: [Pu] PF n. thing (object, fact, abstraction)’ul: [P·ul] PF vin. increase’umtsa: ["Pum.

>tsa] PF n. medicine

’uo: ["Pu.o] PF pn. something’upe: ["Pu.pE] PF inter. what (thing)’upxare: [Pu."p'a.RE] PF n. message’ur: [PuR] PF n. sight, look, appearance

A

a: [a] PF,LN part. clause - level attributive markerafpawng: [a."fpawN] PF n. griefafpawng si: [a."fpawN s·i] PF vin. grieveaho: [a."ho] PF vin. prayakrrmaw: [a."kr

".maw] PF conj. after (temporal)

(c.w. from krr time and maw after)akrrta: [a."kr

".ta] PF conj. since (temporal) (c.w.

from krr time and ta from)akum: [a."kum] PF conj. that (as a result) this

form follows the result, I.E. ’Poe yawne slo-lu oer akum, nìftxan lu sevin’ (She was sobeautiful that I fell in love with her.); see also’kuma’

alaksi: [a."lak.si] PF adj. readyalìm: [a."lIm] PF adv. far away, at a distancealo: ["a.lo] PF n. time, turn, instance, one of a

number of repeated or recurring actionsalu: ["a.lu] PF conj. that is, in other words (Used

for appositions)alunta: [a."lun.ta] PF conj. because, from the rea-

sonam’a: [am."Pa] PF n. doubtam’ake: [am."Pa.kE] PF adj. sure, confident

am’aluke: [am."Pa.lu.kE] PF adv. without adoubt

apxa: [a."p'a] PF adj. large nfp.asim: [a."sim] PF adv. nearby, at close rangeatan: [a."tan] JC n. lightatanvi: [a."tan.vi] PF n. rayatanzaw: [a."tan.zaw] PF n. forked lightningatxar: [a."t'aR] PF adj. smell of living animals, as

found around a watering holeatxkxe: [at'."k'E] PF n. landatxkxerel: [at'."k'E.REl] PF n. mapau: ["a.u] JC n. drum (made of skin)au: [a."u] LA intj. exclamation of consternationaungia: [a."u.Ni.a] PF n. sign, omenawnga: [aw."Na] PF pn. weayfo: [aj."fo] or ["aj.fo] PF pn. theyaylaru: [aj."la.Ru] PF pn. to the others (contrac-

tion of ay+lahe–ru)aynga: [aj."Na] PF pn. you all, you (pl.)ayoe: [aj."o.E] PF pn. we, us (exclusive)ayoeng: [aj."wEN] PF pn. we, us (inclusive)

(ayoenga– base for suffixes)ayu: [a."ju] PF n. things (never plural u)

E

eampin: ["E.am.pin] PF n. blue, green

ean: ["E.an] PF adj. blue, green

ekxan: [E."k'an] PF n. barricade, obstruction

ekxan si: [E."k'an s·i] PF vin. exclude, keep out,bar

ekxtxu: [Ek'."t'u] PF adj. rough

eltu: ["El.tu] PF n. brain

eltu lefngap: ["El.tu lE."fNap^] Prr n. computer

eltur tìtxen si: ["El.tuR tI."t'En s·i] PF vin. be in-teresting, intriguing

eltu si: ["El.tu s·i] PF vin. pay attention, quit goo-fing off

emkä: [Em."k·æ] PF vtr. crossemkäfya: [em."kæ.fja] PF n. ford, crossingemrey: [Em."R·Ej] PF vin. surviveemza’u: [Em."z·a.P·u] PF vtr. pass (a test), over-

come

3

eo–: ["E.o] PF adp. before, in front of (place)eolì’uvi: ["E.o.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. prefixep’ang: [Ep."PaN] PF adj. complexepxang: [E."p'aN] PF n. stone jar used to hold

small toxic arachnidetrìp: ["Et.RIp^] PF adj. favorable, auspiciousewktswo: ["Ewk.

>tswo] PF n. (sense of) taste

ewku: ["·Ew.k·u] PF vtr. taste (not intentionally)eyawr: [E."jawR] PF adj. correct, right

eyawrfya: [e."jawR.fja] PF n. right way (of doingsomething), correct path

eyk: [·Ejk^] JC,PF vtr. leadeyktan: ["Ejk.tan] JC n. leadereyktanay: [Ejk.ta."naj] JC,PF n. deputy, general,

one step down from leadereykyu: ["Ejk.ju] PF n. leader (typically tempora-

ry, of a small group like a hunting party)

F

fa–: [fa] PF adp. with, by means offahew: [fa."hEw] PF n. smellfaoi: ["fa.o.i] PF adj. smoothfayluta: [faj."lu.ta] PF n. these words (contrac-

tion of fay+lì’u–t a, patientive case)fäkä: [fæ."k·æ] PF vin. go up, ascendfäpa: ["fæ.pa] PF n. topfäza’u: [fæ."z·a.P·u] PF vin. come up, ascendfe’: [fEP] PF adj. bad nfp.fe’lup: ["fE.lup^] PF adj. tacky, in poor tastefe’pey: [feP."p·Ej] PF vin. feel dread, expect so-

mething bad to happen, fear (with tsnì for thingdreaded) (ii)

fe’ran: ["fEP.Ran] PF n. flawed nature, somethingill-conceived or inherently defective

fe’ranvi: ["fEP.Ran.vi] PF n. blemish, deformity,stain, flawed feature

fe’ul: ["fE.P·ul] PF vin. worsen, get worsefekem: ["fE.kEm] PF n. accidentfekum: ["fE.kum] PF n. disadvantage, drawback,

downsidefekumnga’: ["fE.kum.NaP] PF adj. disadvanta-

geousfew–: [fEw] PF adp. across, aiming for the oppo-

site side offewi: ["f·E.w·i] PF vtr. chasefewtusok: ["fEw.tu.sok^] PF adj. opposite, on

the opposite side(In casual speech, fewtsok(few.�tsok)

fil: [fil] PF n. child’s toy, playthingfì’u: [fI."Pu] PF pn. this (thing)fìfya: [fI."fja] PF adv. this way, like thisfìkem: [fI."kEm] PF pn. this (action)fìpo: ["fI.po] PF pn. this one person or thingfìtrr: [fI."tr

"] PF adv. today

fìtsap: [fI.">tsap^] PF adv. each other

fìtseng(e): [fI.">tsEN(E)] PF adv., n. here, this pla-ce

fìtxan: [fI."t'an] PF adv. so, to such an extentfìtxon: [fI."t'on] PF adv., n. tonightfkan: [fk·an] PF vin. resemble in a sensory moda-

lity, come to the senses asfkarut: ["fk·a.R·ut^] PF v. peelfkay: [fkaj] PF adj. hatefulfkew: [fkEw] PF adj. mightyfkeytok: ["fkEj.t·ok^] PF vin. existfkip–: [fkip^] PF adp. up amongfko: [fko] PF pn. one, they (singular usage) (un-

specified agent)fkxake: ["fk'·a.k·E] PF v. itchfkxara: ["fk'a.Ra] PF n. stress (mental or emotio-

nal feeling)fkxaranga’: ["fk'a.Ra.NaP] PF adj. stressfulfkxen: [fk'En] PF n. vegetable (food)fkxile: ["fk'i.lE] PF n. bib necklaceflawkx: [flawk'] PF n. leatherflawm: [flawm] PF n. cheekflä: [fl·æ] PF vin. succeedflew: [flEw] PF n. throatflì: [flI] PF adj. thin nfp.flìnutx: [flI."nut'] PF n. thicknessflrr: [flr

"] PF adj. gentle, mild, tender (people or

things)fmal: [fm·al] PF vtr. sustainfmawn: [fmawn] PF n. news, something to reportfmawnta: [fmawnta] PF n. that news (contrac-

tion of fmawn–it a)fmetok: ["fm·E.t·ok^] PF vtr. testfmi: [fm·i] PF vtrm. try, attempt (with the

subjunctive)fmokx: [fmok'] PF n. jealousy, envyfnan: [fn·an] PF vtr. be good atfnawe’: [fna."wEP] PF adj. cowardly

4

fnawe’tu: [fna."wEP.tu] PF n. cowardfnel: [fnEl] PF n. kind, typefnelan: ["fnE.lan] PF n. malefnele: ["fnE.lE] PF n. femalefnepe: ["fnE.pE] PF inter. which kindfnetxum: [fnE."t'um] PF n. allergenfngap: [fNap^] PF n. metalfngä’: [fN·æP] PF vin. relieve oneself; (on Earth)

use the restroom, go to the bathroomfngä’tseng: ["fNæP.

>tsEN] PF n. restroom (on

Earth)fngo’: [fN·oP] PF vtr. require, demandfnu: [fn·u] PF vin. quiet, be quietfo: [fo] PF pn. theyfpak: [fp·ak^] PF vin. hold off, suspend actionfpe’: [fp·EP] PF vtr. sendfpeio: [fpE."i.o] PF n. challenge (ceremonial)fpi+: [fpi] PF adp. for the sake of, for the benefit

offpivìl: [fpi."vIl] PF intj. hmm, let’s see, let me

thinkfpìl: [fp·Il] PF vtr. thinkfpìlfya: ["fpIl.fja] PF n. thought pattern, way of

thinkingfpom: [fpom] PF n. well-being, peace, happinessfpomron: [fpom."Ron] PF n. health or well-being

(mental) ofp.fpomronga’: [fpom."Ro.NaP] PF adj. healthful

(mentally) nfp.fpomtokx: [fpom."tok'] PF n. health (physical)

ofp.fpomtokxnga’: [fpom."tok'.NaP] PF adj. health-

ful (physically) nfp.fpxamo: ["fp'a.mo] PF adj. terrible, horrible, aw-

fulfpxäkìm: ["fp'·æ.k·Im] PF vin. enterfra’u: ["fRa.Pu] PF pn. everythingfrafya: ["fra.fja] PF adv. in every wayfrakrr: ["fRa.kr

"] PF adv. always, all the time

fralo: ["fRa.lo] PF adv. every time, every instance,each time

frapo: ["fRa.po] PF pn. everyonefrato: ["fRa.to] PF part. superlative marker than

allfratrr: [fRa."tr

"] PF adv. daily, every day

fratseng: ["fRa.>tsEN] PF adv. everywherefratxon: [fRa."t'on] PF adv. every nightfrawzo: [fRaw."zo] PF intj. all is well, everything

is fine or OK

frir: [fRiR] PF n. layerfrìp: [fR·Ip^] PF vtr. bitefrrfen: ["f·r

".f·En] PF vtr. visit

frrtu: ["fr".tu] PF n. guest, visitor

fta: [fta] PF n. knotftang: [ft·aN] PF vim. stopfta si: [fta s·i] PF vin. knot, make or tie a knotftawnemkrr: [ftaw."nEm.kr

"] PF n. past

ftär: [ftæR] PF adj. left (not right)ftärpa: ["ftæR.pa] PF n. left sidefte: [ftE] PF conj. so that, in order to (with

subjunctive verb in dependant clause)fteke: ["ftE.kE] PF conj. so that not, lest (with

subjunctive verb in dependant clause)ftem: [ft·Em] PF vtr. pass by (something)ftia: [ft·i.·"a] PF vtr. studyftu–: [ftu] PF adp. from (direction)ftue: ["ftu.E] PF adj. easy, simpleftumfa–: ["ftum.fa] PF adp. out of, from insideftuopa–: ["ftu.o.pa] PF adp. from behindftxavang: ["ft'a.vaN] PF adj. passionateftxey: [ft'·Ej] PF vtr. chooseftxey: [ft'Ej] PF conj. whether, orftxì: [ft'I] PF n. tongueftxìlor: [ft'I."loR] PF adj. delicious, good tastingftxìvä’: [ft'I."væP] PF adj. bad tastingftxozä: [ft'o."zæ] PF n. celebration, happy occa-

sionftxozä si: [ft'o."zæ s·i] PF vin. celebrateftxulì’u: [ft'·u."lI.Pu] PF vin. orate, give speechftxulì’uyu: [ft'u."lI.Pu.ju] PF n. orator, (public)

speakerfu: [fu] PF conj. orfuke: [fu."kE] PF conj. or notfula: ["fu.la] PF pn., sbd. thatfuria: ["fu.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. thatfuta: ["fu.ta] PF pn., sbd. thatfwa: [fwa] PF pn., sbd. that (subordinate clause

marker)fwang: [fwaN] PF adj. savory, umami, richfwefwi: ["fw·E.fw·i] PF vin. whistlefwel: [fwEl] PF adj. brokenfwem: [fwEm] PF adj. dull, blunt (as a point)fwep: [fwEp^] PF n. dust (on a surface)fwew: [fw·Ew] PF vtr. look for, seek, searchfwi: [fw·i] PF vin. slip, slidefwìng: [fwIN] PF n. humiliation, embarrassment,

loss of facefwìng si: [fwIN s·i] PF vin. humiliate

5

fwopx: [fwop'] PF n. dust (in the air)fya’o: ["fja.Po] PF n. path, way, mannerfyalì’u: ["fja.lI.Pu] PF n. adverbfyan: [fjan] PF n. constructed device for keeping

something off the ground and cleanfyanyì: ["fjan.jI] PF n. shelffyanyo: ["fjan.jo] PF n. table, elevated utilitarian

surface Note: colloquially, yo can be used inplace of fyanyo.

fyape: ["fja.pE] PF inter. howfyawìntxu: [fja.w·In."t'·u] PF vin. guide (with

dative of thing guided)fyawìntxuyu: [fja.wIn."t'u.ju] PF n. guide

fyel: [fj·El] PF vtr. seal, make imperviousfyeng: [fjEN] PF adj. steepfyep: [fj·Ep^] PF vtr. hold in the hand, grasp, gripfyeyn: [fjEjn] PF adj. ripe, mature, adultfyeyntu: ["fjEjn.tu] PF n. adult personfyin: [fjin] PF adj. simplefyinep’ang: [fjin.Ep."PaN] PF n. degree of com-

plexityfyinep’angpe: [fjin.Ep."PaN.pE] PF inter. how

complex? variant of pefyinep’angfyole: ["fjo.lE] PF adj. sublime, beyond perfectionfyolup: ["fJo.lup^] PF adj. exquisite, sublime in

style

H

ha: [ha] PF adv. so, in that caseha’: [h·aP] PF vin. fit, suit, complement, inherent-

ly enhanceha’ngir: [haP."NiR] PF n. afternoonhafyon: [ha."fjon] PF n. wisdomhafyonga’: [ha."fjo.NaP] PF adj. wise nfp.hahaw: ["h·a.h·aw] PF vin. sleepham: [ham] PF adj. previoushamalo: [ha."ma.lo] PF adv. last timehan: [h·an] PF vtr. losehangham: ["h·aN.h·am] PF vin. laughhangvur: ["haN.vuR] PF n. joke, funny storyhapxì: [ha."p'I] PF n. parthapxìtu: [ha."p'I.tu] PF n. memberhasey: [ha."sEj] PF adj. done, finishedhasey si: [ha."sEj "s·i] PF vin. accomplish, bring

to a conclusionhawl: [h·awl] PF vtr. preparehawmpam: ["hawm.pam] PF n. noise. sound

that is excessive, unnecessary, inappropriate,unexpected or startling

hawng: [hawN] PF n. overabundancehawngkrr: ["hawN.kr

"] PF adv. late

hawntsyokx: [hawn.">tsjok'] PF n. glove

hawnu: ["h·aw.n·u] PF vtr. protect, shelterhawnven: [hawn."vEn] PF n. shoehawre’: [haw."REP] PF n. hathawtsyìp: ["haw.

>tsjIp^] PF n. nap

hay: [haj] PF adj. nexthayalo: [ha."ja.lo] PF adv. next timehän: [hæn] PF n. net, webhefi: ["h·E.f·i] PF vtr. smell (not intentionally)hefitswo: ["hE.fi.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) smell

hek: [h·Ek^] PF vin. be curious, odd, strange, un-expected

hena: ["h·E.n·a] PF vtr. carryhermeyp: [hER."mEjp^] PF n. snow flurryhertxayo: ["hER.t'a.jo] PF n. snow fieldherwì: ["hER.wI] PF n. snowherwìva: ["hER.wI.va] PF n. snowflakehewne: ["hEw.nE] PF adj. soft (of an object)heyn: [h·Ejn] PF vin. sitheyr: [hEJR] PF n. chesthifwo: ["h·i.fw·o] PF vin. flee, escapehipx: [hip'] PF vtr. controlhiup: ["hi·up^] PF vin., vtr. spit, spit outhiyìk: ["hi.jIk^] PF adj. funny, strangehì’ang: ["hI.PaN] PF n. insecthì’i: ["hI.Pi] PF adj. small, little (in size)hìkrr: ["hI.kr

"] PF n. second, very short time

hìm: [hIm] PF adj. small (in quantity)hìmpxì: [hIm."p'I] PF n. minority, least, small

parthìmtxampe: [hIm."t'am.pE] PF inter. how muchhìmtxan: [hIm."t'an] PF n. amounthìmtxew: [hIm."t'Ew] PF n. minimumhìmtxewvay: [hIm."t'Ew.vaj] PF adv. minimallyhìno: [hI."no] PF adj. fine, detailed, precise, intri-

cate (of things)hìpey: ["hI.p·Ej] PF vin. hesitate, hold back for a

short timehìtxoa: [hI."t'o.a] PF intj. excuse mehoan: ["ho.an] PF n. comforthoet: ["ho.Et^] PF adj. vast, broad, expansivehol: [hol] PF adj. fewholpxay: [hol."p'aj] PF n. number

6

holpxaype: [hol."p'aj.pE] PF inter. how manyhona: ["ho.na] PF adj. endearing, adorable, cutehrrap: ["hr

".ap^] PF n. danger

hu–: [hu] PF adp. with (accompaniment)hufwa: [hu."fwa] PF conj. althoughhufwe: [hu."fwE] PF n. wind

hufwetsyìp: [hu."fwE.>tsjIp^] PF n. breeze, light

wind

hultstxem: [h·ul.">tst'·Em] PF vtr. hinder

hum: [h·um] PF vin. leave, depart

huru: ["hu.Ru] PF n. cooking pot

I

i’en: ["iP.En] JC n. stringed instrumentikut: ["i.kut^] PF n. large pestle (grinding tool);

meal-mashing poleil: [i·l] PF vin. bendinan: [·i."n·an] PF vtr. read (e.g. the forest), gain

knowledge from sensory input (stress movesto first syllable with infixation)

inanfya: [i."nan.fja] PF n. sense (means of per-ception)

ingyen: ["iN.jEn] PF n. feeling of mystery or in-comprehension

ingyenga’: ["iN.jE.NaP] PF adj. mysterious, puzz-ling, enigmatic

ingyentsim: ["iN.jEn.>tsim] PF n. mystery, riddle,enigma, conundrum

ingyentsyìp: ["iN.jEn.>tsjIp^] PF n. trick, sleightof hand, clever/special methodology

io–: ["i.o] PF adp. over, aboveioang: [i."o.aN] PF n. animal, beastioi: [i."o.i] PF n. adornment, or ceremonial apparel

(item of)ioi si: [i."o.i s·i] PF vin. adornionar: ["i.o.naR] PF n. banshee rider visorirayo: [i."Ra.jo] JC n., intj. thank you, thanksirayo si: [i."Ra.jo "s·i] PF vin. thank, give thanks

K

ka–: [ka] PF adp. across, covering thoroughlykakpam: [kak."pam] PF adj. deafkakrel: [kak."REl] PF adj. blindkalin: [ka."lin] PF adj. sweet to the tastekaltxì: [kal."t'I] PF intj. hellokaltxì si: [kal."t'I "s·i] PF vin. say hello, greetkam–: [kam] PF adp. agokame: ["k·a.m·E] PF vtr. see, see into, understand,

know (spiritual sense)kan: [k·an] PF vtrm., vtr. aim, to intend; aim, to

direct a weapon or other object at a targetkan’ìn: ["k·an.P·In] PF vtr. focus on, specialize in,

be particularly interested inkanfpìl: ["k·an.fp·Il] PF vin. concentrate, focus

one’s attentionkangay: [ka."Naj] PF adj. valid (cognate with

ngay true)kangay si: [ka."Naj s·i] PF vin. validate, confirmkanom: ["k·a.n·om] PF vtr. acquire, getkanu: ["ka.nu] PF adj. smart, intelligent ofp.kar: [k·aR] PF vtr. teachkaryu: ["kaR.ju] PF n. teacherkaryunay: [kaR.ju."naj] PF n. apprentice teacherkato: ["ka.to] PF n. rhythm

kavan: ["k·a.v·an] PF vtr. support (physically)kavuk: [ka."vuk^] PF n. treacherykavuk si: [ka."vuk^ "s·i] PF vin. betraykaw’it: [kaw."Pit^] PF adv. not at all, not a bit

(used with ke; see ke kaw’it not...at all in ph-rases)

kawkrr: ["kaw.kr"] PF adv. never

kawkxan: [kaw."k'an] PF adj. free, unblocked,unobstructed, clear

kawl: [kawl] PF adv. hard, diligentlykawng: [kawN] PF adj. bad, evilkawnglan: ["kawN.lan] PF adj. malicious, bad he-

artedkawngsar: ["kawN.s·aR] PF vtr. exploitkawnomum: [kaw."no.mum] PF adj. unknownkawtseng: ["kaw.

>tsEN] PF adv. nowhere

kawtu: ["kaw.tu] PF pn. no-onekay–: [kaj] PF adp. from now (in the future)kaym: [kajm] PF n. evening (before twilight), late

afternoonkä: [k·æ] PF vin. gokä’ärìp: [kæ."P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. pushkämakto: [kæ."m·ak.t·o] PF v. ride outkämunge: [kæ."m·u.N·E] PF vtr. take

7

käpxì: [kæ."p'I] PF n. rear (part or section)käsatseng: [kæ."sa.

>tsEN] PF adv. out there

käsrìn: [kæ."sR·In] PF vtr. lendkäteng: ["k·æ.tEN] PF vin. spend time with, hang

out withke: [kE] PF adv. notke’aw: [kE."Paw] PF adj. divided, torn apart,

strife-riddenke’u: ["kE.Pu] PF pn. nothingkea: ["kE.a] PF adj. no (before a noun)kefpomronga’: [kE.fpom."Ro.NaP] PF adj. unhe-

althful (mentally) nfp.kefpomtokxnga’: [kE.fpom."tok'.NaP] PF adj.

unhealthful (physically) nfp.keftxo: [kE."ft'o] PF adj., intj. unhappy, upset,

’How sad!’kefyak: [kE."fjak^] PF,Prr part. isn’t it?, right?kehe: ["kE.hE] PF part., intj. nokekem: ["kE.kEm] PF pn., adv. no action or acti-

vitykelemweypey: [kE.lEm."wEj.pEj] PF adj. impa-

tientkelfpomron: [kEl.fpom."Ron] PF adj. unhealthy

(mentally) ofp.kelfpomtokx: [kEl.fpom."tok'] PF adj. unhealt-

hy (physically) ofp.kelhoan: [kEl."ho.an] PF adj. uncomfortablekelkin: [kEl."kin] PF adj. unnecessarykelku: ["kEl.ku] PF n. home, housekelku si: ["kEl.ku "s·i] PF vin. live, dwellkelpxìmrun: [kEl."p'Im.Run] PF adj. rarekelsar: [kEl."saR] PF adj. useless, in vainkeltrrtrr: [kEl."tr

".tr"] PF adj. unusual

keltsun: [kEl.">tsun] PF adj. impossiblekem: [kEm] PF n. thing (action), deedkemlì’u: ["kEm.lI.Pu] PF n. verbkemlì’uvi: ["kEm.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. infixkempe: ["kEm.pE] PF inter. what (action) (c.w.

from kem action, deed)kem si: ["kEm "s·i] PF vin. dokemwiä: [kEm."wi.æ] PF adj. improper, unfair,

wrong, unjustifiedken’aw: [kEn."Paw] PF adv. not onlykeng: [kEN] PF adv. even, so much askenong: ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] PF vin. model,

represent, exemplify (ii)kenzen: [kEn."zEn] PF adv. not necessarilykerusey: ["kE.Ru.sEj] PF adj. dead

kesran: [kE."sRan] PF adj. so-so, mediocre (Thederivation of this word is not entirely clear.It may have originally been kesrankeke-he, literally, ’not yes, not no,’ in referenceto whether a certain action was performedwell or not, and over time it became shor-tened to just kesran, its use expanding toinclude anything only mediocre in quality.)

keteng: ["kE.tEN] PF adj. differentketrìp: ["kEt.RIp^] PF adj. unfortunate, inauspi-

ciousketsran: [kE.">tsRan] PF adj., conj. no matter, no

matter what, whateverketsuktiam: [kE.>tsuk."ti.am] PF adj. un-

countable, infiniteketsuktswa’: [kE.>tsuk.">tswaP] PF adj. unforget-

tableketuwong: ["kE.tu.woN] PF n. alienkew: [kEw] PF num. zerokewan: ["kE.wan] PF n. agekewong: ["kE.woN] PF adj. alienkey: [kEj] PF n. facekeyawr: [kE."jawR] PF adj. incorrect, wrong, not

rightkeye’ung: [kE."jE.PuN] PF n. insanitykeyn: [k·Ejn] PF vtr. put downkeyrel: ["kEj.REl] PF n. facial expressionkezemplltxe: [kE.zEm.pl

"."t'E] PF adv. of

course, needless to say (contraction ofke+zene+pivlltxe)

ki: [ki] PF conj. but rather, but insteadkifkey: [ki."fkEj] PF n. world (physical, solid)kilvan: [kil."van] PF n. riverkin: [k·in] PF vtr. needkinam: [ki."nam] PF n. legkinamtil: [ki."nam.til] PF n. kneekinä: ["ki.næ] PF num. sevenkintrr: ["kin.tr

"] PF n. week

kintrram: ["kin.tr".am] PF n. last week

kintrray: ["kin.tr".aj] PF n. next week

kip–: [kip^] PF adp. amongkive: ["ki.vE] PF adj. seventh (ordinal)kì’ong: [kI."PoN] PF adj. slowkìm: [k·Im] PF vtr. spin, to spin (something) Pol

rumit kolìm He spun the ballkìmar: [kI."maR] PF adj. in season (of foods, vege-

table or animal)kìng: [kIN] PF n. threadkìte’e: [kI.tE."PE] PF n. service

8

kìte’e si: [kI.tE."PE "s·i] PF vin. servekllfro’: [kl

"."fR·oP] PF svin. be responsible

kllkä: [kl"."k·æ] PF vin. go down, descend

kllkulat: [kl"."k·u.l·at^] PF vtr. dig up

kllkxem: [kl"."k'·Em] PF vin. stand

kllpa: ["kl".pa] PF n. bottom

kllpä: [kl"."p·æ] PF vin. land, reach the ground

kllpxìltu: [kl"."p'Il.tu] PF n. territory

kllrikx: [kl"."rik'] PF n. earthquake

kllte: ["kl".tE] PF n. ground

klltseng: ["kl".>tsEN] PF n. position

klltxay: [kl"."t'·aj] PF vin. lie on the ground

klltxeykay: [kl".t'Ej."k·aj] PF vtr. lay (something)

on the ground transitive form of klltxaykllvawm: ["kl

".vawm] PF adj. brown

kllwo: [kl"."w·o] PF vin. alight, land (process of)

kllyem: [kl"."j·Em] PF vtr. bury

kllza’u: [kl"."z·a.P·u] PF vin. come down, descend

ko: [ko] PF part. solicit agreementko’on: ["ko.Pon] PF n. ring, oval, closed shape

roughly circularkoak: ["ko.ak^] PF adj. old, aged (for living

things)koaktan: ["ko.ak.tan] PF n. old mankoakte: ["ko.ak.tE] PF n. old womankoaktu: ["ko.ak.tu] PF n. old personkolan: [ko."lan] PF intj. I mean, rather (self-

correcting)kom: [k·om] PF vim. dare

kop: [kop^] PF adv. too, also, additionallykop: [kop^] PF conj. and alsokoren: [ko."REn] PF n. rule, guidelinekosman: [ko."sman] PF adj. wonderful, terrific,

fantastickoum: ["ko.um] PF adj. rounded, curvedkrr: [kr

"] PF n. time

krra: ["kr".a] PF conj. when, at the time that

krrka–: ["kr".ka] PF adp. during

krrnekx: [kr"."n·Ek'] PF vin. take/consume time

(ii)krrpe: ["kr

".pE] PF inter. when (c.w. from krr ti-

me)ku’up: ["ku.Pup^] PF adj. heavy (physical weight)kulat: ["k·u.l·at^] PF vtr. reveal, bring forth, un-

cover (literally and metaphorically)kum: [kum] PF n. resultkuma: ["kum.a] PF conj. that (as a result) this

form precedes the result, I.E. ’Lu poe sevinnìftxan kuma yawne slolu oer’ (She was sobeautiful that I fell in love with her.); see also’akum’

kur: [k·uR] PF vin. hangkurakx: [k·u."R·ak'] PF vtr. drive outkurfyan: ["kuR.fjan] PF n. hamper or suspended

rackkurfyavi: ["kuR.fja.vi] PF n. hook (for hanging or

suspending an item)kuru: ["ku.Ru] PF n. neural queue

Kx

kxa: [k'a] PF n. mouthkxakx: [k'·ak'] PF vin. break, snap in twokxam: [k'am] PF n. middle, midpointkxamlä–: ["k'am.læ] PF adp. through (via the

middle of)kxamtrr: ["k'am.tr

"] PF n. mid-day, noon

kxamtrrmaw: ["k'am.tr".maw] PF n. the time im-

mediately after noon, early afternoonkxamtseng: ["k'am.

>tsEN] PF n. center, place in

the middlekxamtxomaw: ["k'am.t'o.maw] PF n. after mid-

nightkxamtxon: ["k'am.t'on] PF n. midnightkxamyì: ["k'am.jI] PF n. intermediate levelkxangangang: ["k'aN.aN.aN] PF intj. boom (ono-

matopoeic)kxange: ["k'·a.N·e] PF vin. yawn

kxanì: ["k'a.nI] PF adj. forbiddenkxap: [k'ap^] PF n. threatkxapnga’: ["k'ap.NaP] PF adj. threatening nfp.kxap si: [k'ap s·i] PF vin. threatenkxawm: [k'awm] PF adv. perhaps, maybekxayl: [k'ajl] PF adj. highkxaylyì: ["k'ajl.jI] PF n. high levelkxänäng: ["k'æ.næN] PF adj. smell of decaying

animal/flesh, rotting, putridkxeltek: ["k'·El.t·Ek] PF vtr. pick up, liftkxem: [k'·Em] PF vin. be verticalkxemyo: ["k'Em.jo] PF n. wall, vertical surfacekxener: ["k'E.nER] PF n. smokekxetse: ["k'E.>tsE] PF n. tailkxeyey: ["k'E.jEj] PF n. error, mistakekxitx: [k'it'] PF n. death

9

kxì: [k'I] PF intj. hello (casual) colloquial, shor-tened form of kaltxì

kxìm: [k'·Im] PF vtr. command, order, assign atask

kxìmyu: ["k'Im.ju] PF n. commander, one withauthority over another

kxll: [k'l"] PF n. charge, running attack

kxll si: ["k'l""s·i] PF vin. charge

kxor: [k'oR] PF n. a wall or bank of powerful wa-terfalls noted for its deafening roar and deadly

force (countable, but only rarely)

kxu: [k'u] PF n. harm

kxuke: ["k'u.kE] PF adj. safe

kxukx: [k'·uk'] PF vtr. swallow

kxum: [k'um] PF adj. viscous, gelatinous, thick

kxumpay: ["k'um.paJ] PF n. viscous liquid, gel

kxu si: [k'u s·i] PF vin. harm

kxutu: ["k'u.tu] PF n. enemy

L

lafyon: [la."fjon] PF adj. wise ofp.lahe: ["la.hE] PF adj. other, elselal: [lal] PF adj. old (opposite of mip) nfp.lam: [l·am] PF vin. seem, appearlamaytxa: [la.maj."t'a] PF n. floodlang: [l·aN] PF vtr. investigate, explorelapo: ["la.po] PF pn. other one person or thinglaro: ["la.Ro] PF adj. cleanlaro si: ["la.ro s·i] PF vin. clean, make free of dirtlatem: ["l·a.t·Em] PF vin. change (l«eyk»atem

vtr. change)latsi: [l·a.">ts·i] LA v. keep up with someonelaw: [law] PF adj. clear, certainlawk: [l·awk^] PF vtr. discourse on, talk about,

say something concerninglawnol: ["law.nol] PF n. great joylawr: [lawR] PF n. melodylaw si: ["law "s·i] PF vin. make clearlayompin: [la."jom.pin] PF n. blacklayon: [la."jon] PF adj. blacklätxayn: [l·æ."t'·ajn] PF vtr. defeat in battle, con-

querle’al: [lE."Pal] PF adj. wasteful nfp.le’aw: [lE."Paw] PF adj. onlyle’awtu: [lE."Paw.tu] PF adj. alone, on one’s own,

by one’s self; lonelyle’en: [lE."PEn] PF adj. speculative, intuitive nfp.lefkrr: [lE."fkr

"] PF adj. current

lefnelan: [lE."fnE.lan] PF adj. malelefnele: [lE."fnE.lE] PF adj. femalelefngap: [lE."fNap^] PF adj. metalliclefpom: [lE."fpom] PF adj. happy, peaceful, joy-

ous, pleasant nfp.lefpomron: [lE.fpom."Ron] PF adj. healthy (men-

tally) ofp.

lefpomtokx: [lE.fpom."tok'] PF adj. healthy(physically) ofp.

lefrir: [le."fRiR] PF adj. layeredleftxozä: [lE."ft'o.zæ] PF adj. celebratorylehawmpam: [lE."hawm.pam] PF adj. noisylehawng: [lE."hawN] PF adj. excessivelehawngkrr: [lE."hawN.kr

"] PF adj. late

lehìpey: [lE."hI.pEj] PF adj. hesitant, in a state ofhesitation

lehoan: [lE."ho.an] PF adj. comfortablelehrrap: [lE."hr

".ap^] PF adj. dangerous

leioae: [lE.i.o."a.E] PF n. respectleioae si: [lE.i.o."a.E s·i] PF vin. to respectlek: [l·Ek^] PF vtr. heed, obeylekin: [lE."kin] PF adj. necessarylekoren: [lE.ko."REn] PF adj. lawlikelekye’ung: [lEk."jE.PuN] PF adj. insane, crazylelì’fya: [lE."lIP.fja] PF adj. concerning language,

regarding languagelemrey: [lEm."REj] PF adj. surviving (e.g. of enti-

ties from a group some of whom have died)lemweypey: [lEm."wEj.pEj] PF adj. patientlen: [l·En] PF vin. happen, occurleNa’vi: [lE."naP.vi] PF adj. having to do with the

Na’vi, the Peopleleno: [lE."no] PF adj. thorough, detail-orientated

(of a person)lenomum: [lE."no.mum] PF adj. curiouslenrra: [lE."nr

".a] PF adj. proud

lepay: [lE."paj] PF adj. waterylepwopx: [lEp."wop'] PF adj. cloudylepxìmrun: [lE."p'Im.Run] PF adj. common, often

foundler: [lER] PF adj. steady, smooth (for motion)lereyfya: [lE."REj.fja] PF adj. culturallerìk: [lE."RIk^] PF adj. leafy

10

lerìn: [lE."rIn] PF adj. wooden, of woodleronsrel: [lE."Ron.sREl] PF adj. imaginarylertu: ["lER.tu] PF n. colleaguelesar: [lE."saR] PF adj. usefullesar si: [lE."saR s·i] PF vin. be useful, be of use,

come in handyleskxir: [lE."sk'iR] PF adj. woundedlesngä’i: [lE."sNæ.Pi] PF adj. original, existing at

or from the start, first in a serieslesnonrra: [lE.sno."nr

".a] PF adj. full of self-pride

leso’ha: [lE."soP.ha] PF adj. enthusiastic, keenofp.

letam: [lE."tam] PF adj. sufficientletokx: [lE."tok'] PF adj. bodily, physicalletrr: [lE."tr

"] RL adj. daily

letrrtrr: [lE."tr".tr"] PF adj. ordinary

letsim: [lE.">tsim] PF adj. original, unique, not de-rived from another source

letskxe: [lE.">tsk'E] PF adj. stony, of stoneletsranten: [lE.">tsRan.tEn] PF adj. importantletsunslu: [lE.">tsun.slu] PF adj. possibleletswal: [le.">tswal] PF adj. powerful ofp.letwan: [lEt."wan] PF adj. dodgy, sneaky (of a

person)letxi: [lE."t'i] PF adj. hurried, frenziedletxiluke: [lE."t'i.lu.kE] PF adj. unhurriedlew: [lEw] PF n. cover, lidlewäte: [lE.wæ."tE] PF adj. disagreeable, argu-

mentative (of an agent)leweopx: [lE.wE."op'] PF adj. wave-likelew si: ["lEw "s·i] PF vin. coverley: [l·Ej] PF vin. be of value, have some positive

value, be worth somethingleyapay: [lE."ja.paj] PF adj. foggy, mistyleye’krr: [lE."jEP.kr

"] PF adj. early

leyewla: [lE."jEw.la] PF adj. disappointingleym: [l·Ejm] PF vin. call, cry out, exclaimleymfe’: [l·Ejm."fEP] PF vin. complainleymkem: [l·Ejm."kEm] PF vin. protestleyn: [l·Ejn] PF vtr. repeat, do againleyr: [lEjr] PF adj. frozenleyr si: ["lEjr s·i] PF vin. freeze (something)lezeswa: [lE."zE.swa] PF adj. grassyli: [li] PF adv. alreadylie: ["li.E] PF n. experiencelie si: ["li.E s·i] PF vin. experiencelini: ["li.ni] PF n. young of an animal, bird, fish,

insect

lisre+: ["li.sRE] PF adp. by, before, up to but notafter

liswa: [li."swa] PF n. nourishmentliswa si: [li."swa s·i] PF vin. nourish, provide

nourishmentlitx: [lit'] PF adj. sharp (as a blade)lì’fya: ["lIP.fja] PF n. languagelì’fyaolo’: ["lIP.fja.o."loP] PF n. language group,

language userslì’fyavi: ["lIP.fja.vi] PF n. expression, bit of lan-

guagelì’kong: ["lIP.koN] PF n. syllablelì’u: ["lI.Pu] PF n. wordlì’ukìng: ["lI.Pu.kIN] PF n. sentencelì’ukìngvi: ["lI.Pu.kIN.vi] PF n. phraselì’upam: ["lI.Pu.pam] PF n. accent, pronuncia-

tionlì’upe: ["lI.Pu.pE] PF inter. what (word,

utterance)lì’upuk: ["lI.Pu.puk^] PF n. dictionarylì’uvan: ["lI.Pu.van] PF n. pun, word-playlì’uvi: ["lI.Pu.vi] PF n. affixlìm: [l·Im] PF svin. be farlìng: [l·IN] PF vin. float in the air, hoverlo’a: ["lo.Pa] PF n. totem, amuletloho: ["l·o.h·o] PF vin. be surprising (experiencer

in dative)loi: ["lo.i] PF n. egglok: [l·ok^] PF vtr. approachlok–: [l·ok^] PF adp. close tolom: [lom] PF adj. missing, missed (as an absent

person who is longed for)lomtu: ["lom.tu] PF n. missed personlonu: [l·o."n·u] PF vtr. release, let golopx: [l·op'] PF vin. paniclor: [loR] PF adj. beautiful, pleasant to the sensesloran: ["lo.Ran] PF n. elegance, gracelrrtok: ["lr

".tok^] PF n. smile

lrrtok si: ["lr".tok^ "s·i] PF vin. smile

lu: [l·u] PF vin., svin. be, am, is, are (predica-tive copula, existential verb) (signifies pos-session with dative of possessor)

luke–: ["lu.kE] PF adp. withoutlukpen: [luk."pEn] PF adj. without clothing, na-

kedlumpe: ["lum.pE] PF inter. whylun: [lun] PF n. reasonlupra: ["lup.Ra] PF n. style

11

M

ma: [ma] PF part. O (vocative marker)makto: ["m·ak.t·o] PF vtr. ridemal: [mal] PF adj. trustworthy, trust-inspiringmam: [mam] PF vtr. wrapmasat: ["ma.sat] PF n. breastplate (armor)mauti: ["ma.u.ti] PF n. fruitmaw–: [maw] PF adp. after (time)mawey: [ma."wEj] CM adj. calmmaweypey: [ma."wEj.p·Ej] PF svin. be patient

(ii)maweypeyyu: [ma."wEj.pEj.ju] PF n. One who

is patientmawfwa: ["maw.fwa] PF conj. aftermawkrr: ["maw.kr

"] PF adv. after, afterwards, la-

termawkrra: [maw."kr

".a] PF conj. after (temporal)

(c.w. from krr time and maw after)mawl: [mawl] PF n. halfmay’: [m·ajP] PF vtrm. taste, try, sample, evalu-

ate, check out, test-drivemäkxu: [m·æ."k'u] PF vtr. interrupt, throw out

of harmonious balanceme’em: [mE."PEm] PF adj. harmoniousmefo: ["mE.fo] PF pn. they, those twomek: [mEk^] PF adj. empty, or metaphorically:

having no valuemekre: ["mEk.RE] PF n. suppliesmektseng: ["mEk.

>tsEN] PF n. gap, breach

melo: ["mE.lo] PF adv. twicemenari: [mE."na.Ri] PF n. eyes (two)meoauniaea: [�mE.o.a.u.ni.a."E.a] PF n. harmo-

ny, living at one with naturemerki: ["mER.ki] PF n. ground rack (for smoking

meats)mesrram: [mE.sr

"."am] PF n., adv. the day before

yesterday, two days agomesrray: [mE.sr

"."aj] PF n., adv. the day after to-

morrow, two days from nowmeuia: [mE."u.i.a] PF n. honormeuianga’: [mE."u.i.a.NaP] PF adj. honorable,

honorablymeuia si: [mE."u.i.a s·i] PF vin. honormeyam: [m·E."y·am] PF vtr. hug, embrace, hold

in one’s armsmeyp: [mEjp^] PF adj. weakmeyptu: ["mEjp.tu] PF n. weaklingmi: [mi] PF adv. yet, still, as before

miklor: [mIk."loR] PF adj. pleasant sounding,beautiful sounding

miktsang: ["mik.>tsaN] PF n. earring

mikvä’: [mIk."væP] PF adj. bad-soundingmikyun: ["mik.jun] JC n. earmip: [mip^] PF adj. newmì+: [mI] PF adp. in, onmìfa: ["mI.fa] or [mI."fa] PF n., adv. insidemìftxele: [mI."ft'E.lE] PF adv. in this regard, re-

lated to this mattermìkam–: [mI."kam] PF adp. betweenmìn: [m·In] PF vin. turn, rotate on an axis Mìn

ne ftärpa Turn to the leftmìnyu: ["mIn.ju] PF n. turnermìso: [mI."so] PF adv. away (position)mll’an: [m·l

"."P·an] PF vtr. accept

mllte: [m·l"."t·E] PF vin. agree

mo: [mo] PF n. space, hollow, enclosed open areamo’ara: [mo."Pa.Ra] PF n. gathering placemo a fngä’: ["mo a "fNæP] PF n. restroom (on

Earth)moe: ["mo.E] PF pn. we two, us two (exclusive)mok: [m·ok^] PF vtr. suggestmokri: ["mok.Ri] PF n. voicemomek: ["mo.mEk^] PF adj. hollow, not solidmong: [m·oN] PF vtr. depend on, rely on, trust for

protectionmowan: [mo."wan] PF adj. pleasing, enjoyable

(physically, sexually)mowar: [mo."waR] PF n. advice, bit or piece of ad-

vicemowar si: [mo."waR s·i] PF vin. advisemowarsiyu: [mo."waR.si.ju] PF n. advisormrr: [mr

"] PF num. five

mrrtrr: ["mr".tr"] PF n. five day work week

mrrve: ["mr".vE] PF adj. fifth (ordinal)

muiä: [mu."i.æ] PF adj. proper, fair, right, justifi-ed

mun’i: [m·un."P·i] PF v. cutmune: ["mu.nE] PF num. twomunge: ["m·u.N·E] PF vtr. take, bringmungwrr–: [muN."wr

"] PF adp. except

munsna: ["mun.sna] PF n. pairmuntrr: ["mun.tr

"] PF n. weekend

muntrram: ["mun.tr".am] PF n. last weekend

muntrray: ["mun.tr".aj] PF n. next weekend

muntxa: [mun."t'a] PF adj. mated, married

12

muntxa si: [mun."t'a "s·i] PF vin. mate (with so-meone), marry

muntxatan: [mun."t'a.tan] PF n. husband, malespouse

muntxate: [mun."t'a.tE] PF n. wife, femalespouse

muntxatu: [mun."t'a.tu] PF n. spousemuve: ["mu.vE] PF adj. second (ordinal)muwìntxu: [mu.w·In."t'·u] PF vtr. introduce,

present

N

na–: [na] PF adp. like, asna’rìng: ["naP.RIN] PF n. forestnaer: [na."ER] PF n. drink, something able to be

drunknafì’u: [na.fI."Pu] PF adj. suchnafpawng: [na."fpawN] PF adv. grievingly, with

griefnam’ake: [nam."Pa.kE] PF adv. confidentlynang: [naN] PF part. surprise, exclamation, en-

couragement (mirative)nari: ["na.Ri] PF n. eyenari si: ["na.Ri s·i] PF vin. watch out, be carefulnarlor: [naR."loR] PF adj. beautiful visuallynarvä’: [naR."væP] PF adj. ugly, unsightlynatkenong: [nat."kE.noN] PF conj. for example,

as an examplenawang: ["n·a.w·aN] PF vin. merge, become one

withnawfwe: [naw."fwE] PF adj. fluent (for speech)

Contraction of na hufwenawm: [nawm] PF adj. great, noblenawmtu: ["nawm.tu] PF n. great personnawri: ["naw.Ri] PF adj. talentednayn: [najn] PF n. the symbol 9 (not the value

nine)näk: [n·æk^] PF vtr. drinknän: [n·æn] PF vin. decreasene–: [nE] PF adp. to, towards (direction)ne’ìm: [nE."PIm] PF adv. back (direction)nefä: [nE."fæ] PF adv. up (direction)nekll: [nE."kl

"] PF adv. down (direction)

nekx: [n·Ek'] PF vtr. burn, consumenemfa–: ["nEm.fa] PF adp. into, insidenemrey: [nEm."REj] PF adv., intj. in a fashion as

if one’s life were at stakeneni: ["nE.ni] PF n. sandneto: [nE."to] PF adv. away (direction)netrìp: ["nEt.RIp^] PF adv. luckily, happilynew: [n·Ew] PF vtrm. want

newomum: [n·Ew."o.mum] PF svin. be curious,want to know

neympin: ["nEjm.pin] PF n. light colorneyn: [nEjn] PF adj. light colors, shades of whiteniä: [n·i.·"æ] PF vtr. grabnik: [nik^] PF adj. convenient, usable without

much expenditure of effortnikre: ["nik.RE] PF n. hairnikroi: [nik."Ro.i] PF n. hair adornmentniktsyey: ["nik.>tsjEj] PF n. food wrap (food items

wrapped in edible leaves or vines)nim: [nim] PF adj. timid, shyninan: ["ni.nan] PF adv. by readingningyen: ["niN.jEn] PF adv. mysteriously, in a

puzzling fashionnip: [n·ip^] PF vin. become stuck, get caught in

somethingnitram: [nit."Ram] PF adj. happy (of people)nivi: ["ni.vi] PF n. sleeping hammock (general

term)nì–: [nI] adverbial PFnì’al: [nI."Pal] PF adv. wastefullynì’aw: [nI."Paw] PF adv. onlynì’awtu: [nI."Paw.tu] PF adv. alone (as one per-

son)nì’awve: [nI."Paw.vE] PF adv. firstnì’en: [nI."PEn] PF adv. making an informed

guess, acting on intuitionnì’eng: [nI."PEN] PF adv. equally, on the same le-

velnì’eoio: [nI."PE.o.i.o] PF adv. ceremoniouslynì’eveng: [nI."PE.vEN] PF adv. like a child, imma-

turelynì’eyng: [nI."PEjN] PF adv. back, in response, in

answernì’i’a: [nI."PiP.a] PF adv. finally, at long lastnì’it: [nI."Pit^] PF adv. a bit, a small amount (ab-

stract)nì’o’: [nI."PoP] PF adv. in a manner which is en-

joyable, enjoyably

13

nì’ul: [nI."Pul] PF adv. morenì’ul’ul: [nI."Pul.Pul] PF adv. increasingly, more

and morenìawnomum: [nI.aw."no.mum] PF adv. as

you know, as is known (casual speech[naw."no.mum])

nìayoeng: [nI.aj."wEN] PF adv. like us, as we do(casual speech [naj."wEN])

nìfe’: [nI."fEP] PF adv. badlynìfkeytongay: [nI.fkEj.to."Naj] PF adv. actually,

as a matter of factnìfkrr: [nI."fkr

"] PF adv. lately, currently

nìflä: [nI."flæ] PF adv. successfullynìflrr: [nI."flr

"] PF adv. gently, tenderly

nìfmokx: [nI."fmok'] PF adv. jealously, en-viously

nìfnu: [nI."fnu] PF adv. silentlynìfpxamo: [nI."fp'a.mo] PF adv. horribly, terrib-

ly, awfullynìfrakrr: [nI."fRa.kr

"] PF adv. as always

nìfrir: [nI."fRiR] PF adv. in layersnìftär: [nI."ftæR] PF adv. to the leftnìftue: [nI."ftu.E] PF adv. easilynìftxan: [nI."ft'an] PF adv. so, to such an extentnìftxavang: [nI."ft'a.vaN] PF adv. passionately,

with all heartnìfwefwi: [nI."fwE.fwi] PF adv. by whistling, in

a whistling mannernìfya’o: [nI."fja.Po] PF adv. in a mannernìfyeyntu: [nI."fjEjn.tu] PF adv. like an adult,

maturelynìhawmpam: [nI."hawm.pam] PF adv. noisilynìhawng: [nI."hawN] PF adv. too, excessivelynìhay: [nI."haj] Prr adv. nextnìhek: [nI."hEk^] PF adv. strangely, oddly (sen-

tence, not manner, adverbial)nìhìpey: [nI."hI.pEj] PF adv. hesitantlynìhoan: [nI."ho.an] PF adv. comfortablynìhoet: [nI."ho.Et^] PF adv. widely, pervasivelynìhol: [nI."hol] PF adv. few, not manynìhona: [nI."ho.na] PF adv. endearingly, sweetlynìk’ärìp: [nIk."Pæ.RIp^] PF adv. steadily lit.:

’without letting it move’nìk’ong: [nIk."PoN] PF adv. slowlynìkanu: [nI."ka.nu] PF adv. intelligently, in a

smart waynìkeftxo: [nI.kE."ft'o] PF adv. unfortunately,

sadlynìkelkin: [nI.kEl."kin] PF adv. unnecessarily

nìkemweypey: [nI.kEm."wEj.pEj] PF adv. impa-tiently

nìklonu: [nIk.lo."nu] PF adv. firmly, steadfastly,faithfully lit.: ’without releasing it’

nìkmar: [nIk."maR] PF adv. in the right season,opportunely

nìksman: [nIk."sman] PF adv. wonderfullynìksran: [nIk."sRan] PF adv. in a mediocre man-

nernìktungzup: [nIk.tuN."zup^] PF adv. carefully,

firmly lit.: ’without letting it fall’nìkx: [nIk'] PF n. gravelnìkxap: [nI."k'ap^] PF adv. threateninglynìkxem: [nI."k'Em] PF adv. verticallynìlam: [nI."lam] PF adv. apparentlynìlaw: [nI."law] PF adv. clearlynìler: [nI."lER] PF adv. steadilynìli: [nI."li] PF adv. in advancenìlkeftang: [nIl.kE."ftaN] PF adv. continuously,

incessantly, without stoppingnìloho: [nI."lo.ho] PF adv. surprisinglynìltsan: [nIl.">tsan] PF adv. wellnìlun: [nI."lun] PF adv. of course, logically,

following common sensenìmal: [nI."mal] PF adv. trustingly, without he-

sitationnìmeyp: [nI."mEjp^] PF adv. weakly, looselynìmun: [nI."mun] PF adv. againnìmwey: [nIm."wEj] PF adv. calmly, peacefullynìmweypey: [nIm."wEj.pEj] PF adv. patientlynìn: [n·In] PF vtr. look atnìNa’vi: [nI."naP.vi] PF adv. like the Na’vi,

Na’vi-lynìnäk: [nI."næk^] PF adv. by drinking, in a liquid

waynìnän: [nI."næn] PF adv. lessnìnänän: [nI."næn.æn] PF adv. decreasingly, less

and lessnìnew: [nI."nEw] PF adv. voluntarily, willingly,

by desirenìngay: [nI."Naj] PF adv. trulynìngong: [nI."NoN] PF adv. lethargically, lazilynìno: [nI."no] PF adv. in detail, expansively, tho-

roughlynìnrra: [nI."nr

".a] PF adv. proudly, with pride

nìnu: [nI."nu] PF adv. failingly, falteringly, invain, fruitlessly, not achieving the desired or ex-pected end

14

nìolo’: [nI.o."loP] PF adv. (together) as membersof a clan

nìprrte’: [nI."pr".tEP] PF adv. pleasurably, gladly,

with pleasurenìpxay: [nI."p'aj] PF adv. many, manilynìpxi: [nI."p'i] PF adv. especially, pointedly, un-

ambiguouslynìpxim: [nI."p'im] PF adv. erectly, rightlynìran: [nI."Ran] PF adv. basically, fundamentally,

in essencenìrangal: [nI."Ra.Nal] PF adv. wish (contrary to

fact, with perfective or imperfective subjuncti-ve)

nìrìkxi: [nI.RI."k'i] PF adv. shakily, tremblinglynìronsrel: [nI."Ron.sREl] PF adv. in imagination,

by imaginationnìsìlpey: [nI.sIl."pej] PF adv. hopefullynìskien: [nI."ski.En] PF adv. to the rightnìslele: [nI."slE.lE] PF adv. by swimmingnìsngä’i: [nI."sNæ.Pi] PF adv. originally, at firstnìsngum: [nI."sNum] PF adv. worryingly, fretful-

lynìso’ha: [nI."soP.ha] PF adv. enthusiasticallynìsoaia: [nI.so."a.i.a] PF adv. (together) as mem-

bers of a familynìsteng: [nI."stEN] PF adv. similarlynìsti: [nI."sti] PF adv. angrilynìsung: [nI."suN] PF adv. besides, additionally,

furthermorenìswey: [nI."swEj] PF adv. optimally, bestnìsyayvi: [nI."sjaj.vi] PF adv. by chance or coin-

cidencenìsyen: [nI."sjEn] PF adv. lastlynìsyep: [nI."sjEp^] PF adv. tightly, in an iron grip

lit.: ’like a trap’nìt’iluke: [nIt."Pi.lu.kE] PF adv. never-endingly,

forevernìtam: [nI."tam] PF adv. enoughnìteng: [nI."tEN] PF adv. too, also, as well, likewi-

senìtengfya: [nI."tEN.fja] PF adv. as, same way as

(similar action)nìtkan: [nIt."kan] PF adv. purposefully, delibera-

telynìtkanluke: [nIt."kan.lu.ke] PF adv. accidental-

ly, unintentionallynìtrrtrr: [nI."tr

".tr"] PF adv. on a daily basis, regu-

larly

nìtsim: [nI.">tsim] PF adv. originally, in an origi-nal way, with originality

nìtsìsyì: [nI.">tsI.sjI] PF adv. by whispering, in awhisper

nìtsleng: [nI.">tslEN] PF adv. falselynìtson: [nI.">tson] PF adv. dutifully, as an obliga-

tionnìtsyìl: [nI.">tsjIl] PF adv. by climbingnìtut: [nI."tut^] PF adv. continuallynìtxan: [nI."t'an] PF adv. much (abstract), verynìtxankeltrrtrr: [nI."t'an.kEl.tr

".tr"] PF adv. ex-

traordinarilynìtxay: [nI."t'aj] PF adv. horizontallynìtxi: [nI."t'i] PF adv. hurriedly, in a frenzied waynìtxiluke: [nI."t'i.lu.kE] PF adv. unhurriedly, lei-

surelynìtxukx: [nI."t'uk'] PF adv. deeplynìvingkap: [nI."viN.kap^] PF adv. by the way, in-

cidentallynìwan: [nI."wan] PF adv. secretly, in hiding, by

hidingnìwawe: [nI.wa."wE] PF adv. meaningfully, sig-

nificantlynìwä: [nI."wæ] PF adv. on the contrary, conver-

selynìwäte: [nI.wæ."tE] PF adv. disagreeably, be-

grudginglynìwin: [nI."win] PF adv. fast, quicklynìwok: [nI."wok^] PF adv. loudlynìwotx: [nI."wot'] PF adv. all (of), in toto, com-

pletelynìyawr: [nI."jawR] PF adv. correctly, rightlynìyewla: [nI."jEw.la] PF adv. in a disappointing

fashion, in a way failing to meet expectationsnìyey: [nI."jEj] PF adv. directly, straight to the

pointnìyeyfya: [nI."jEj.fja] PF adv. straight ahead, in

a straight linenìyll: [nI."jl

"] PF adv. communally, in a communal

mannernìyo’: [nI."joP^] PF adv. perfectly, flawlesslynìyol: [nI."jol] PF adv. briefly, shortly (of time)nìyrr: [nI."jr

"] PF adv. naturally, without tampe-

ring with or changing the naturenìzawnong: [nI."zaw.noN] PF adv. safelynìzen: [nI."zEn] PF adv. necessarilynokx: [n·ok'] PF vtr. give birth tonong: [n·oN] PF vtr. follow, proceed after

15

nongspe’: [n·oN."sp·EP] PF vtr. pursue with anintent to capture

nopx: [n·op'] PF vtr. put away, storenrr: [n·r

"] PF vin. glow, be luminous

nrra: ["nr".a] PF n. pride, feeling of pride

nuä+: ["nu.æ] PF adp. beyondnui: ["n·u.·i] PF vin. fail, falter, go astray, not ob-

tain expected or desired resultnulkrr: [nul."kr

"] PF adv. longer (time)

nulnew: [nul."n·Ew] PF vtrm. prefer (ii)

nume: ["n·u.m·E] PF vin. learnnumeyu: ["nu.mE.ju] PF n. studentnumtseng: ["num.

>tsEN] PF n. school

numtsengvi: ["num.>tsEN.vi] PF n. classroom, di-

vision of a schoolnumultxa: [nu.mul."t'a] PF n. class (for instruc-

tion)numultxatu: [nu.mul."t'a.tu] PF n. classmate,

member of a classnutx: [nut'] PF adj. thick

Ng

nga: [Na] PF pn. younga’: [NaP] PF vtr. containngam: [Nam] PF n. echongampam: ["Nam.pam] PF n. rhymengampam si: ["Nam.pam s·i] PF vin. rhymengatsyìp: ["Na.>tsjIp^] PF pn. little you, you littlengawng: [NawN] PF n. wormngay: [Naj] PF adj. truengaytxoa: [Naj."t'o.a] PF intj. sorry, my apologies

(acknowledgment of guilt and regret)ngä’än: [N·æ."P·æn] PF vin. suffer mentally or

emotionally, be miserablengäng: [NæN] PF n. stomachngäzìk: ["Næ.zIk^] PF adj. difficult, hardngenga: [NE."Na] PF pn. you (honorific form)ngep: [NEp^] PF n. navelnget: [NEt^] PF adj. smell of decaying wood and

leaves, dank (non-animal decay)

ngeyn: [NEjn] PF adj. tiredngian: [Ni."an] PF,SW adv. howeverngim: [Nim] PF adj. long (physical length)ngimpup: [Nim."pup^] PF n. lengthngip: [Nip^] PF n. space, open or borderless areangoa: ["No.a] PF n. mudngong: [NoN] PF adj. lethargic, lacking sufficient

energy, lazyngop: [N·op^] PF vtr. createngopyu: ["Nop.ju] PF n. creatorngrr: [Nr

"] PF n. root

ngrrpongu: ["Nr".po.Nu] PF n. grassroots move-

mentngul: [Nul] PF adj. grey, drabngulpin: ["Nul.pin] PF n. greynguway: ["Nu.waj] PF n. howl, viperwolf cry

O

oare: [o."a.RE] PF n. moonoe: ["o.E] PF pn. I, meoeng: ["wEN] PF pn. we two, us two (dual inclu-

sive), you and Ioetsyìp: ["wE.

>tsjIp^] PF pn. little me, little I

oeyk: [o."Ejk^] PF n. causeoeyktìng: [o."Ejk.t·IN] PF vtr. explain (why) (ii)ohakx: [o."hak'] PF adj. hungryohe: ["o.hE] PF pn. I (deferential or ceremonial

form)oìsss: [o."Isss] LA intj. angry snarl, ’watch it!’

oìsss si: [o."Isss s·i] PF vin. hissokup: ["o.kup^] PF n. milkolo’: [o."loP] PF n. clanolo’eyktan: [o.lo."PEjk.tan] JC n. clan leaderomum: [·o."m·um] PF vtr. know (stress moves

to first syllable with infixation)onlor: [on."loR] PF adj. good-smellingontsang: ["on.>tsaN] PF n. nose ringontu: ["on.tu] JC n. noseonvä’: [on."væP] PF adj. bad-smelling

16

P

pa’o: ["pa.Po] PF n. sidepak: [pak^] PF part. disparagementpalon: ["p·a.l·on] PF vin. burnpam: [pam] PF n. soundpamrel: [pam."REl] PF n. writingpamrelfya: [pam."REl.fja] PF n. spellingpamrel si: [pam."REl "s·i] PF vin. writepamrelsiyu: [pam."rEl.si.ju] PF n. writerpamrelvi: [pam."REl.vi] PF n. letter (phonetic

symbol)pamrelvul: [pam."rel.vul] n. pen, pencil, lit. åri-

ting stick."pamrelvul lerìn: [pam."rel.vul le."RIn] PF n.

pencil, lit. åooden writing stick."pamtseo: ["pam.

>tsE.o] PF n. music

pamtseongopyu: [pam.>tsE.o."Nop.ju] PF n. mu-

sic creator, composer eg. James Hornerpamtseo si: ["pam.

>tsE.o "s·i] PF vin. play music

(with fa for instrument played)pamtseotu: ["pam.

>tsE.o.tu] PF n. musician

pamuvan: ["pam.u.van] PF n. sound playpan: [pan] PF n. third, one thirdparul: [pa."Rul] PF n. miracleparulnga’: [pa."Rul.NaP] PF adj. miraculous nfp.parultsyìp: [pa."Rul.>tsjIp^] PF n. term of affection

for childrenpaskalin: [pa.ska."lin] PF n. sweet berry (term of

endearment)pasuk: ["pa.suk^] PF n. berrypate: ["p·a.t·E] ZS v. get to a place, arrivepaw: [p·aw] PF vin. grow; germinate and develop

(of a plant)pawk: [pawk^] PF n. horn, wind instrumentpawm: [p·awm] PF v. askpay: [paj] PF n. water, liquidpayfya: ["paj.fja] PF n. streampayìva: ["paj.I.va] PF n. drop of waterpaynga’: ["paj.NaP] PF adj. moist, humid, damppayoang: [paj."o.aN] PF n. fishpaysena: ["paj.sE.na] PF n. water containerpaysmung: ["paJ.smuN] PF n. water carrierpaytxew: [paj."t'Ew] PF n. shoreline, water’s

edgepähem: ["p·æ.h·Em] PF vin. arrivepängkxo: [p·æN."k'·o] PF vin. chat, converse,

have a conversation

pängkxoyu: [pæN."k'o.ju] PF n. chatter, conver-ser

pängkxoyu lekoren: [pæN."k'o.ju lE.ko."REn]PF n. lawyer

pänu: ["pæ.nu] PF n. promisepänutìng: ["pæ.nu.t·IN] PF vtr. promise (a thing

to someone) (ii)–pe+: [pE] PF affix inter. markerpe’un: ["p·E.P·un] PF vtr. decidepefnel: [pE."fnEl] PF inter. which kindpefya: [pE."fja] PF inter. howpefyinep’ang: [pE.fjin.Ep."PaN] PF inter. how

complex? variant of fyinep’angpepehem: [pE."hEm] PF inter. what (action) (c.w.

from kem action, deed)pehrr: [pE."hr

"] PF inter. when (c.w. from krr ti-

me)pekxinum: [pE."k'in.um] PF inter. how tight,

loose?pelì’u: [pE."lI.Pu] PF inter. what (word,

utterance)pelun: [pE."lun] PF inter. whypeng: [p·EN] PF vtr. tellpenghrr: [p·EN."hr

"] PF vin. warn

peseng: [pE."sEN] PF inter. wherepeslosnep: [pE.slo."snEp^] PF inter. what width,

how wide? variant of slosneppepesomwew: [pE.som."wEw] PF inter. what tem-

perature?pesu: [pE."su] PF inter. whopeu: [pE."u] PF inter. what (thing)pewn: [pEwn] PF n. neckpey: [p·Ej] PF vin. wait, wait forpiak: [pi."ak^] PF adj. open, clear (for cloudless

skies)piak si: [pi."ak^ s·i] PF vin. openpil: [pil] PF n. facial stripepinvul: ["pin.vul] PF n. crayon short for ’opin-

vultsyìppizayu: ["pi.za.ju] PF n. ancestorpìmtxan: [pIm."t'an] PF inter. how muchpìsaw: [pI."saw] PF adj. clumsy, accident-pronepìwopx: [pI."wop'] PF n. cloudpìwopxtsyìp: [pI."wop'.

>tsjIp] PF n. nebula lit.:

’little cloud’pllhrr: [p·l

"."hr

"] PF vin. warn

pllngay: [p·l"."Naj] PF vin. admit

17

plltxe: [p·l"."t'·E] PF v. speak

plltxeyu: [pl"."t'E.ju] PF n. speaker

po: [po] PF pn. he, shepoan: [po."an] PF pn. he (no plural form: use

(ay)fo)poe: [po."E] PF pn. she (no plural form: use

(ay)fo)polpxay: [pol."p'aj] PF inter. how manypom: [p·om] PF vtr. kisspongu: ["po.Nu] PF n. a group or party of people

ofp.prrku: ["pr

".ku] PF n. womb

prrkxentrrkrr: [pr".k'En.tr

".kr

"] Skxawng n. day ti-

me smoking pleasure, vibrating tongue (Na’vi

idiom) (c.w. from prrte’ pleasurable, kxenersmoke, trr day and krr time)

prrnen: ["pr".nEn] PF n. infant, baby

prrnesyul: ["pr".nE.sjul] PF n. bud

prrsmung: ["pr".smuN] PF n. baby carrier

prrte’: ["pr".tEP] PF adj. pleasurable (of an activi-

ty)prrwll: ["pr

".wl

"] Prr n. moss

pukap: ["pu.kap^] PF num. sixpum: [pum] PF pn. one (place-holder pronoun

referring to a previously mentioned nounor pronoun)

pup: [pup^] PF adj. short (physical length)puve: ["pu.vE] PF adj. sixth (ordinal)

Px

pxan: [p'an] PF adj. worthypxasìk: ["p'a.sIk^] PF intj. screw that!, no way!

(vulgar)pxasul: ["p'a.sul] PF adj. fresh, appealing as foodpxaw–: [p'aw] PF adp. aroundpxawngip: ["p'aw.Nip^] PF n. environmentpxawpa: ["p'aw.pa] PF n. perimeter, circumfe-

rence, borderpxawpxun: ["p'aw.p'un] PF n. armbandpxay: [p'aj] PF adj. many (used with singular

or plural noun forms)pxayopin: ["p'aj.o.pin] PF adj. colorful, multico-

lored, variegatedpxek: [p'·Ek^] PF vtr. kick, shovepxel–: [p'El] PF adp. like, aspxelo: ["p'E.lo] PF adv. thrice, three timespxen: [p'En] PF n. functional clothing (item of)pxesrram: [p'E.sr

"."am] PF n., adv. three days ago

pxesrray: [p'E.sr"."aj] PF n., adv. three days from

now

pxey: [p'Ej] PF num. threepxeyve: ["p'Ej.vE] PF adj. third (ordinal)pxi: [p'i] PF adj. sharp (as a point)pxim: [p'im] PF adj. erect, uprightpximaw–: [p'i."maw] PF adp. right afterpxiset: [p'i."sEt^] PF adv. right nowpxisre+: [p'i."sRE] PF adp. right beforepxiswawam: [p'i.swaw."am] PF adv. just a mo-

ment agopxiswaway: [p'i.swaw."aj] PF adv. in just a se-

cond from nowpxiye’rìn: [p'i."jEP.RIn] PF adv. immediately (not

as soon as pxiswaway)pxìm: [p'Im] PF adv. oftenpxìmun’i: [p'I.m·un.P"·i] PF vtr. divide, cut into

partspxor: [p'·oR] PF vin. explodepxorpam: ["p'oR.pam] PF n. ejective consonantpxun: [p'un] PF n. armpxuntil: ["p'un.til] PF n. elbow

R

ral: [Ral] PF n. meaning

ralnga’: ["Ral.NaP] PF adj. meaningful, instructi-ve, something from which a lesson can be lear-ned

ralpeng: [Ral."p·EN] PF vtr. interpret (ii)

ram: [Ram] PF n. mountain

ramtsyìp: ["Ram.>tsjIp^] PF n. hill

ramunong: [Ra."mu.noN] PF n. well

ran: [Ran] PF n. intrinsic character or nature, es-sence, constititution; basic nature of somethingresulting from the totality of its properties; of-ten best translated as personality

rangal: ["R·a.N·al] PF vin. wishraspu’: [Ra."spuP] PF n. leggings (used in war)raw–: [Raw] PF adp. down torawke: ["Raw.kE] PF intj. alarm cry, call to defen-

se

18

rawm: [Rawm] PF n. lightning (general term)rawmpxom: ["Rawm.p'om] PF n. thunder and

lightningrawn: [R·awn] PF vtr. replace, substituterawng: [rawN] PF n. entrance, doorwayrä’ä: [Ræ."Pæ] PF part. do not (for negative impe-

ratives, commands only)räptum: [ræp."tum] PF adj. coarse, vulgar, soci-

ally unacceptablere’o: ["RE.Po] PF n. headrel: [REl] PF n. image, picturerel arusikx: ["rEl a.ru."sikx] PF n. movie, film,

videoreltseo: ["REl.>tsE.o] PF n. visual artreltseotu: ["REl.>tsE.o.tu] PF n. artist (visual)relvul: ["REl.vul] PF n. pen, pencil, lit. åriting

stick."(short form of pamrelvul)rem: [rEm] PF n. fuelreng: [REN] PF adj. shallow (physically) nfp.rengop: ["rE.N·op^] PF vtr. design (finer detail)renten: ["REn.tEn] PF n. goggles, (made from in-

sect wings, carved from wood, etc)renu: ["RE.nu] PF n. patternrenulke: ["RE.nul.kE] PF adj. irregular, randomrewon: ["RE.won] PF n. morningrey: [R·Ej] PF vin. liverey’eng: [REj."PEN] PF n. the Balance of Lifereyfya: ["REj.fja] PF n. way of living, culturereykol: [REj."kol] PF vtr. play music, make to sing

(poetic)reym: [REjm] PF n. dry landreypay: ["REj.paj] PF n. bloodreypaytun: ["REj.paj.tun] PF adj. red (“blood

tun")rikx: [R·ik'] PF vin. move, shift positionrim: [Rim] PF adj. yellow

rimpin: ["Rim.pin] PF n. yellowrina’: [Ri."naP] PF n. seedripx: [R·ip'] PF vtr. piercerì’ìr: ["RI.PIR] PF n. reflectionrì’ìr si: ["RIP.IR s·i] PF vin. reflect, imitaterìk: [RIk^] PF n. leafrìkean: ["RI.kE.an] PF adj. leaf greenrìkxi: [r·I."k'·i] PF vin. tremble, shake, shiverrìn: [RIn] PF n. woodro+: [Ro] PF adp. at (locative)ro’a: ["R·o.P·a] PF vin. be impressive, inspire awe

or respectrofa–: ["Ro.fa] PF adp. beside, alongsiderol: [R·ol] PF v. singrolun: [Ro."lun] PF intj. Eureka! I’ve found it!rong: [RoN] PF n. tunnelronguway: [R·o."Nu.waj] PF vin. howlronguwayyu: [Ro."Nu.waj.ju] PF n. howlerronsem: ["Ron.sEm] PF n. mindronsrel: ["Ron.sREl] PF n. something imaginedronsrelngop: ["Ron.sREl.N·op^] PF vtr. imagi-

ne, envision (c.w. of ronsem mind, relpicture, ngop create, casual pronunciation["Ron.sREw.Nop^] )

ropx: [Rop'] PF n. hole (going clear through anobject)

rou: ["R·o.·u] PF vin. be, or get drunk (exampleuse: rou fa pxir)

rum: [Rum] PF n. ballrun: [R·un] PF vtr. find, discoverrurur: [Ru."RuR] PF n. water that is aeriated whi-

le flowing among the rocks of a very graduallysloping stream (countable)

rusey: [Ru."sEj] PF adj., n. alive, living, livingthing

rutxe: [Ru."t'E] PF intj. please

S

sa: [s·a] PF vin. rise to a challengesa’ewrang: [sa."PEw.RaN] PF n. mother loom, gi-

ant loomsa’nok: ["saP.nok^] PF n. mother (from

sa’atenuk C)sa’nu: ["saP.nu] PF n. mum, mommy (affectiona-

te form of sa’nok mother)sa’nutsyìp: ["saP.nu.>tsjIp^] PF n. little mommy

(used for young girls)sa’sem: ["saP.sEm] PF n. parent or set of parents

saa: ["sa:] LA intj. threatening crysaho: [sa."ho] PF n. prayersalew: [s·a."l·Ew] PF v. proceed, gosalewfya: [sa."lEw.fja] PF n. direction, coursesan: [san] PF adv. saying, quotesang: [saN] PF adj. warmsar: [s·aR] PF vtr. usesat: [sat^] PF pn. that (lenited form of tsat)satu’li: [sa."tuP.li] PF n. heritage (Note: Also

name of canteen at Disney’s Pandora)

19

sau: [sa."u] LA intj. exclamation upon exertion,urgh

saylahe: [saj."la.hE] PF adv. ’et cetera’ (contrac-tion)

sayrìp: ["saj.RIp^] PF adj. handsome, good lookingofp. (male)

sä’anla: [sæ."Pan.la] PF n. yearningsä’eoio: [sæ."PE.o.i.o] PF n. ceremony, ritual, ritesä’eoio si: [sæ."PE.o.i.o s·i] PF vin. take part in a

ceremony, perform a ritualsä’ipu: [sæ."Pi.pu] PF n. something humoroussä’o: ["sæ.Po] PF n. tool, utensilsäfe’ul: [sæ."fE.Pul] PF n. worsening (specific in-

stance)säflä: [sæ."flæ] PF n. success (an instance of suc-

ceeding)säfmi: [sæ."fmi] PF n. attemptsäfngo’: [sæ."fNoP] PF n. requirement, demandsäfpìl: [sæ."fpIl] PF n. ideasäftxulì’u: [sæ.ft'u."lI.Pu] PF n. speech, orationsäfyep: [sæ."fjEp^] PF n. handlesähena: [sæ."hE.na] PF n. container, vessel, car-

riersäkanom: [sæ."ka.nom] PF n. something acqui-

red, an acquisition, a possessionsäkxange: [sæ."k'a.NE] PF n. yawnsälang: [sæ."laN] PF n. an exploration or investi-

gationsälatem: [sæ."la.tEm] PF n. change (instance of),

edit, modificationsälätxayn: [sæ.læ."t'ajn] PF n. defeat, an instan-

ce of defeatsäleymfe’: [sæ.lEjm."fEP] PF n. complaintsäleymkem: [sæ.lEjm."kEm] PF n. protest, in-

stance of protestingsämok: [sæ."mok^] PF n. a suggestionsämunge: [sæ."mu.NE] PF n. transportation tool

or device Note: In compounds, the ä and edrop, yielding –smung

sämyam: [sæm."yam] PF n. hug, embracesängä’än: [sæ.Næ."Pæn] PF n. bout of suffering;

episode of depressionsängop: [sæ."Nop^] PF n. creationsänrr: [sæ."nr

"] PF n. glow, an instance of glowing;

light source, lampsänui: [sæ."nu.i] PF n. failure (particular instance

of failure)sänume: [sæ."nu.mE] PF n. teaching, instructionsänumvi: [sæ."num.vi] PF n. lesson

säomum: [sæ."o.mum] PF n. (piece of) informa-tion

säpenghrr: [sæ.pEN."hr"] PF n. warning

säpllhrr: [sæ.pl"."hr

"] PF n. warning

säplltxe: [sæ.pl"."t'E] PF n. statement

säplltxevi: [sæ.pl"."t'E.vi] PF n. comment

säpom: [sæ."pom] PF n. kisssärawn: [sæ."Rawn] PF n. replacement, substitu-

te, something that replaces something elsesärengop: [sæ."rE.Nop^] PF n. design (a particu-

lar instance of designing)säro’a: [sæ."Ro.Pa] PF n. feat, accomplishment,

great deedsäro’a si: [sæ."Ro.Pa s·i] PF vin. do great deedssäseyto: [sæ.sEj."to] PF n. butchering toolsäsìlpey: [sæ.sIl."pEj] PF n. hope (particular in-

stance)säspxin: [sæ."sp'in] PF n. disease, sickness, ill-

nesssäspxintsyìp: [sæ."sp'in.

>tsjIp^] PF n. minor ail-

mentsäsrätx: [sæ."sRæt'] PF n. annoyancesäsrìn: [sæ."sRIn] PF n. lent or borrowed thingsästarsìm: [sæ."staR.sIm] PF n. collection (put to-

gether intentionally by a person)säsulìn: [sæ."su.lIn] PF n. hobby, pleasure-

yielding activitysäsyep: [sæ."sjEp^] PF n. trapsätare: [sæ."ta.RE] PF n. connection, relationshipsätaron: [sæ."ta.Ron] PF n. huntsätsan’ul: [sæ."

>tsan.Pul] PF n. improvement

(specific instance)sätsìsyì: [sæ."

>tsI.sjI] PF n. whisper

sätswayon: [sæ.">tswaj.on] PF n. flight (an in-

stance of flying)sätsyìl: [sæ."

>tsjIl] PF n. climbing event, a climb

sävll: [sæ."vl"] PF n. sign, indication, signal

säwäsul: [sæ."wæ.sul] PF n. a competitionsäwäsultsyìp: [sæ."wæ.sul.

>tsjIp^] PF n. a con-

testsäwäte: [sæ.wæ."tE] PF n. point of contention,

source of argument, thing disputedsäwìngay: [sæ.wI."Naj] PF n. proof (particular

instance)säwìntxu: [sæ.wIn."t'u] PF n. a showing, an ex-

hibitionsäyäkx: [sæ."Jæk'] PF n. snubsäzärìp: [sæ."zæ.RIp^] RL,PF n. face lead, rein

20

se’ayl: [sE."Pajl] PF n. an individual tall, thin wa-terfall that pours down a sheer high cliff, or offof a floating mountain (countable)

sekrr: ["sE.kr"] PF n. present

semkä: [sEm."kæ] PF n. bridgesempu: ["sEm.pu] PF n. daddy (affectionate

form of sempul father)sempul: ["sEm.pul] PF n. fatherset: [sEt^] PF adv. nowsevin: [sE."vin] PF adj. pretty ofp. (female)sey: [sEj] PF n. cup or bowl minimally modified

from naturally occuring resourcesseykxel: [sEj."k'El] PF adj. strong (emotionally,

spiritually, not physical), confidentseyn: [sEjn] PF n. chair, stool, bench; any tool or

device to facilitate sittingseyri: ["sEj.Ri] JC n. lipseysonìltsan: [sEj.so.nIl.">tsan] PF intj. well do-

ne! (derived from hasey soli nìltsan accom-plished well)

seyto: [s·Ej."to] PF vtr. butcher (in the sense ofseparating or processing the carcass of a deadanimal)

si: [s·i] auxiliary verb, postpositional non-bound verb do, make PF

sim: [s·im] PF svin. be nearsì: [sI] PF conj. and (connects two things, can

be attached as –sì: for clauses use ulte and)sìk: [sIk^] PF adv. unquotesìlpey: [sIl."p·Ej] PF vin. hope (with tsnì for thing

hoped, unless in independent clause) (ii)sìlronsem: [sIl."Ron.sEm] PF adj. clever, smart

(thing)sìltsan: [sIl.">tsan] PF adj. good (of its kind), well

donesìn–: [sIn] PF adp. on, ontoska’a: [sk·a."P·a] PF vtr. destroyskepek: ["skE.pEk^] PF adj. formalskiempa: ["ski.Em.pa] PF n. right sideskien: ["ski.En] PF adj. right (not left)sko+: [sko] PF adp. something as, in the capacity

of, or in the role of, something elseskxakep: ["sk'a.kEp^] PF adj., adv. probable, pro-

bablyskxawng: [sk'awN] PF n. moron, idiotskxir: [sk'iR] PF n. woundskxir si: ["sk'iR "s·i] PF vin. woundskxirtsyìp: ["sk'iR.>tsjIp^] PF n. cut, bruise, minor

wound

skxom: [sk'om] PF n. chance, opportunitysla’tsu: ["sl·aP.>ts·u] PF vtr. describeslan: [sl·an] PF vtr. support (emotional, social or

personal support) ofp.slantire: [slan.ti."RE] PF n. inspirationslantire si: [slan.ti."RE s·i] PF vin. inspireslayk: [sl·aJk^] PF vtr. brush, combslä: [slæ] PF conj. butsläkop: ["slæ.kop^] PF adv. but alsoslär: [slæR] PF n. caveslele: ["sl·E.l·E] PF vin. swimsleyku: [slEj."k·u] PF vtr. producesloa: ["slo.a] PF adj. widesloan: [sl·o."·an] PF vtr. pourslosnep: [slo."snEp^] PF n. widthslosneppe: [slo."snE.pE] PF inter. what width,

how wide? variant of peslosnepslu: [sl·u] PF vin. become (noun predicate with

ne in ambiguous constructions)slukx: [sluk'] PF n. horn of an animalsmar: [smaR] PF n. prey, hunted thingsmon: [sm·on] PF vin. be familiar, be known

(with dative)sna’o: ["sna.Po] PF n. set, group, pile, clump,

stand nfp.snafpìlfya: [sna."fpIl.fja] PF n. philosophy lit.: ’a

group of mindsets’snanumultxa: [sna.nu.mul."t'a] PF n. course (as

a collection of classes)snapamrelvi: [sna.pam."REl.vi] PF n. alphabetsnatanhì: [sna.tan."hI] PF n. constellation lit.: ’a

clump of stars’snatanhìtsyìp: [sna.tan."hI.>tsjIp] PF n. star

clustersnatxärem: [sna."t'æ.REm] PF n. skeleton lit.:

’set of bones’snayì: [sna."jI] PF n. staircase, series of step-like

levelssnaytu: ["snaj.tu] PF n. losersnaytx: [sn·ajt'] PF vtr. losesnäm: [sn·æm] PF vin. rot, decay, degrade over

timesnep: [snEp^] PF adj. narrowsnew: [sn·Ew] PF vtr. constrict, tightensnewsye: ["snEw.sjE] PF adj. weird, spookysneyä: ["snE.jæ] PF pn. his own, her own, its ownsngap: [sN·ap^] PF vtr. stingsngä’i: ["sN·æ.P·i] PF vim. begin, start

21

sngä’ikrr: ["sNæ.Pi.kr"] PF n. beginning, starting

timesngä’itseng: ["sNæ.PI.

>tsEN] PF n. beginning,

starting position, initial locationsngä’iyu: ["sNæ.Pi.ju] PF n. beginnersngel: [sNEl] PF n. garbage, trash, rubbishsngeltseng: ["sNEl.>tsEN] PF n. rubbish place, gar-

bage dumpsngum: [sNum] PF n. worrysngum si: [sNum s·i] PF vin. worrysngumtsim: ["sNum.

>tsim] PF n. worrisome mat-

ter, source of worrysngunga’: ["sNu.NaP] PF adj. worrisome,

troublingsno: [sno] PF pn. his self, her self, its self (reflex-

ive, genitive form sneyä)snokfyan: ["snok.fjan] PF n. personal belongings

racksnolup: ["sno.lup^] PF n. personal style or aesthe-

tic, presencesnomo: ["sno.mo] PF n. private space that one can

retreat tosnonivi: ["sno.ni.vi] PF n. single-person ham-

mocksnonrra: [sno."nr

".a] PF n. self-pride (negative

connotation)snotipx: [sno."tip'] PF n. self-controlSnrrtsyìp: ["snr

".>tsjIp^] PF n. Alpha Centauri C

aka Proxima Centauri (Colloquial)snumìna: ["snu.mI.na] CP adj. dim ofp. (refers

to a ’dim’ person)so’ha: ["s·oP.h·a] PF vtr. be enthusiastic about,

show enthusiasm for, be excited about (Note:Being enthusiastic is always transitive inNa’vi -PF)

so’yu: ["so.ju] PF n. colloquial form of txan-so’hayu (fan, enthusiast)

soaia: [so."a.i.a] PF n. family (irregular genitiveform soaiä)

sok: [sok^] PF adj. recentsom: [som] PF adj. hotsomwew: [som."wEw] PF n. temperaturesomwewpe: [som."wEw.pE] PF inter. what tem-

perature? (more common)sop: [s·op^] PF vin. travelsopyu: ["sop.ju] PF n. travellersosul: [so."sul] PF adj. pleasant smell of nearby

running water, rain, moist vegetationspaw: [sp·aw] PF vtr. believe

spä: [sp·æ] PF v. jumpspäpeng: [spæ."p·EN] PF vin. restore oneself (me-

taphorically)spe’e: [sp·E."P·E] PF vtr. capturespe’etu: [spE."PE.tu] PF n. captivespeng: [sp·EN] PF vtr. restorespono: ["spo.no] PF n. islandspule: ["sp·u.l·E] PF vtr. propelspulmokri: [spul."mok.Ri] PF n. telephonespulyaney: [spul.ja."nEj] PF n. canoe paddlespuwin: ["spu.win] PF adj. old, former nfp.spxam: [sp'am] PF n. mushroom, fungusspxin: [sp'in] PF adj. sicksrak(e): ["sRak(E)] PF part. inter. marker for yes

or no questionssran: [sRan] PF part., intj. yes (colloquial)srane: ["sRa.nE] PF part., intj. yessrankehe: [sRan."kE.hE] PF part., intj. more or

less, somewhat, yes and no, kind ofsraw: [sRaw] PF adj. painfulsrä: [sRæ] PF n. cloth; a piece of cloth woven on a

loomsrätx: [sR·æt'] PF vtr. annoy, bothersre+: [sRE] PF adp. before (time)sre’: [sREP] PF n. toothsrefey: [sRE."f·Ej] PF vtr., vin. expectsrefpìl: [sRE."fp·Il] PF vtr. assumesrefwa: ["sRE.fwa] PF conj. beforesrekamtrr: [sRE."kam.tr

"] PF n. the time before

noonsrekamtxon: [sRE."kam.t'on] PF n. before mid-

nightsrekrr: [sRE."kr

"] PF adv. before, already, ahead of

timesrer: [sR·ER] PF vin. appear, materialize, come into

viewsrese’a: [sRE.s·E."P·a] PF vtr. prophetize, prophe-

size, prophesy, predictsresrr’ong: [sRE.sr

"."PoN] PF n. before dawn

sreton’ong: [sRE.ton."PoN] PF n. dusk, eveningbefore sunset

srew: [sR·Ew] PF vin. dancesrey: [sREj] PF n. versionsrìn: [sR·In] PF vtr. transfer from one to another

(rarely used without prefix)srok: [sRok^] PF n. bead (decorative)sru’: [sR·uP] PF vtr. crush, tramplesrung: [sRuN] PF n. help, assistancesrunga’: ["sRu.NaP] PF adj. helpful nfp.

22

srung si: ["sRuN "s·i] PF vin. helpsrungsiyu: ["sRuN.si.ju] PF n. assistant, helpersrungtsyìp: ["sRuN.>tsjIp^] PF n. helpful hint, tipstarlì’u: ["staR.lI.Pu] PF n. adpositionstarsìm: ["st·aR.s·Im] PF vtr. gather, collectstawm: [st·awm] PF vtr. hearstawmtswo: ["stawm.

>tswo] PF n. (sense of) hea-

ringstä’nì: ["st·æP.n·I] PF vtr. catchsteftxaw: [st·E."ft'·aw] PF vtr. examine, checksteng: [stEN] PF adj. similarsteyki: [stEj."k·i] PF vtr. anger, make someone an-

grysti: [st·i] PF vin. anger (intransitive), be angrystiwi: ["sti.wi] PF n. mischiefstiwinga’: ["sti.wi.NaP] PF adj. mischievousstiwi si: ["sti.wi s·i] PF vin. be naughty, do mis-

chiefstiwisiyu: ["sti.wi.si.Ju] PF n. mischief-makersto: [st·o] PF vtrm. refuse (to do something)stum: [stum] PF adv. almoststxeli: ["st'E.li] PF n. giftstxenu: ["st'E.nu] PF n. offerstxenutìng: ["st'E.nu.t·IN] PF vtr. offerstxong: [st'oN] PF adj. strange, unfamiliar, unk-

nownsulìn: ["s·u.l·In] PF svin. be busy (positive sense),

be engrossed in something one finds especiallypleasant and energizing

sum: [sum] PF n. shell (from the ocean)sumsey: ["sum.sEj] PF n. drinking vessel made of

shellsung: [s·uN] PF vtr. addsunkesun: ["sun.kE.sun] PF adv. like it or notsunu: ["s·u.n·u] PF vin. be pleasing or likeable,

bring enjoymentsur: [suR] PF n. taste, flavorsusyang: [su."sjaN] PF adj. fragile, delicatesutx: [s·ut'] PF vtr. track, followswaw: [swaw] PF n. momentswawtsyìp: ["swaw.

>tsjIp^] PF n. little moment,

secondswaynivi: ["swaj.ni.vi] PF n. family hammock

Note: soaia contracts to swayswek: [swEk^] PF n. bar, rod, poleswey: [swEj] PF adj. best

sweylu: ["swEj.l·u] PF v. shouldswirä: [swi."Ræ] PF n. creatureswizaw: [swi."zaw] PF n. arrowswizawsena: [swi."zaw.sE.na] PF n. quiver (at-

tached to ikran’s saddle)swoa: ["swo.a] PF n. intoxicating beverage, or

“spirits”swoasey: ["swo.a.sEj] PF n. kava bowl (construc-

ted from seed pods, used for drinking intoxica-ting beverages), hand-sized

swoasey ayll: ["swo.a.sEj a."jl"] PF n. large social

kava bowlswok: [swok^] PF adj. sacredswotu: ["swo.tu] PF n. sacred placesyam: [sj·am] PF vtr. to smell (intentionally)syanan: ["sja.nan] PF n. a single drop or series of

smaller waterfalls occurring sequentially alonga stream or series of pools (countable)

syaw: [sj·aw] PF vin. callsyawn: [sjawn] PF n. blessingsyay: [sjaj] PF n. fatesyayvi: ["sjaj.vi] PF n. luck, chancesyä’ä: ["sjæ.Pæ] PF adj. bittersye’otxang: ["sjE.Po.t'aN] PF n. wind instrumentsyeha: ["sjE.ha] PF n. breathsyeha si: ["sjE.ha s·i] PF vin. breathesyen: [sjEn] PF adj. last, finalsyep: [sj·Ep^] PF vtr. trapsyeprel: [sjEp."REl] PF n. camerasyewe: ["sJE.wE] PF n. fat (substance in meat)syewenga’: ["sJE.wE.NaP] PF adj. fattysyo: [sjo] PF adj. light (physical weight),

lightweightsyokup: [sJo."kup^] PF n. weight (physical)syon: [sjon] PF n. feature, trait, attribute, charac-

teristic, point, aspect, facet, propertysyonlì’u: ["sjon.lI.Pu] PF n. adjectivesyor: [sj·oR] PF vin. relax, chill outsyulang: ["sju.laN] PF n. flowersyura: [sju."Ra] PF n. energy (physical or spiritu-

al)syuratan: [sju."Ra.tan] JC,PF n. bioluminescencesyusmung: ["sju.smuN] PF n. food traysyuve: ["sju.vE] PF n. food (collective noun, can-

not be pluralised)syuvekel: ["sju.vE.kEl] PF n. famine

23

T

ta–: [ta] PF adp. from (locative), from (temporalsense with other time words)

ta’em: [ta."PEm] PF adv. from aboveta’leng: ["taP.lEN] PF n. skinta’lengean: ["taP.lE.NE.an] PF adj. skin bluetafkip–: [ta."fkip^] PF adp. from up amongtafral: [ta."fRal] PF adv. therefore, because of thattakip–: [ta."kip^] PF adp. from amongtakrra: [ta."kr

".a] PF conj. since (temporal) (c.w.

from krr time and ta from)taksyokx: [t·ak."sjok'] PF vin. clap handstakuk: ["t·a.k·uk^] PF vtr. strike, beat, slaptalun–: [ta."lun] PF adp. because of, due totalun(a): [ta."lun(a)] PF conj. because, from the

reasontam: [t·am] PF vin., intj. that will suffice, that

will do, OKtam tam: ["tam "tam] M intj. calm, be content,

there theretangek: ["ta.NEk^] PF n. trunk (of a tree)tanhì: [tan."hI] PF n. star, bioluminescent freckletanleng: ["tan.lEN] PF n. bark (of a tree)tare: ["t·a.R·E] PF vtr. connect, relate to, have a re-

lationship withtarnioang: ["taR.ni.o.ang] PF n. predator animaltaron: ["t·a.R·on] JC,PF vtr. hunttaronyu: ["ta.Ron.ju] JC,PF n. huntertaronyutsyìp: ["ta.Ron.ju.>tsjIp^] PF n. little hun-

tertatep: ["t·a.t·Ep^] PF vtr. lose track, lose aware-

ness of somethingtatlam: [tat."lam] PF adv. apparentlytaw: [taw] PF n. skytaweyk(a): [ta."wEjk(a)] PF conj. because, based

on the causetawng: [t·awN] PF vin. duck, diveTawsnrrtsyìp: [taw."snr

".>tsjIp^] PF n. Alpha

Centauri C aka Proxima Centauritawsyuratan: [taw.sju."Ra.tan] PF,LN n. auroratawtxew: ["taw.t'Ew] PF n. horizon, skylinetäftxu: [t·æ."ft'·u] PF vtr. weavetäftxuyu: [tæ."ft'u.ju] PF n. weavertätxaw: [t·æ."t'·aw] PF vin. returnte: [tE] JC part. used in full namestekre: ["tEk.RE] PF n. skulltel: [t·El] PF vtr. receivetelem: [tE."lEm] PF n. cord

tem: [t·Em] PF vin. shoottemrey: [tEm."REj] PF n. survivalteng: [tEN] PF adj. same, equaltengfya: ["tEN.fja] PF conj. as, same way as (situ-

ational similarity)tengkrr: [tEN."kr

"] PF conj. while, same time as

teri–: [tE."Ri] PF adp. about, concerningterkup: ["t·ER.k·up^] PF vin. dieteswotìng: [tE."swo.t·IN] vtr. grant (ii)tete: ["tE.tE] PF adj. dull (as a blade)tewng: [tEwN] PF n. loinclothtewti: ["tEw.ti] PF intj. wow, expression of surpri-

se and pleasureteya: [tE."ja] PF adj. fullteya si: [tE."ja "s·i] PF vin. fill (with dative of

thing filled)teynga: ["tEjN.a] PF n. that answer (contraction

of tì’eyng a)teyngla: ["tEjN.la] PF n. that answer (agentive)

(contraction of tì’eyng–ìl a)teyngta: ["tEjN.ta] PF n. that answer (patientive)

(contraction of tì’eyng–it a)teyr: [tEjR] PF adj. whiteteyrpin: ["tEjR.pin] PF n. whitetiam: ["t·i.·am] PF vtr. counttil: [til] PF n. joint, hingetilì’u: ["ti.lI.Pu] PF n. conjunctiontinan: ["ti.nan] PF n. readingtirea: [ti."RE.a] PF n. spirittireafya’o: [ti."RE.a.�fja.Po] PF n. spirit pathtireaioang: [ti."RE.a.i.�o.aN] PF n. spirit animaltireapängkxo: [ti."RE.a.p·æN.�k'·o] PF v. commu-

netiretu: [ti."RE.tu] PF n. shamantì’al: [tI.".Pal] PF n. wastefulnesstì’awm: [tI."Pawm] PF n. campingtì’awm si: [tI."Pawm "s·i] PF vin. camptì’awpo: [tI."Paw.po] PF n. individuality (negati-

ve connotation), selfishnesstì’efu: [tI."PE.fu] PF n. feelingtì’em: [tI."PEm] PF n. the art of cookingtì’eylan: [tI."PEj.lan] PF n. friendshiptì’eyng: [tI."PEjN] PF n. answer, responsetì’i’a: [tI."PiP.a] PF n. ending, conclusiontì’i’avay: [tI."PiP.a.vaj] PF adv. until the endtì’iluke: [tIP."i.lu.kE] PF adj. endless, never-

ending (in a temporal sense)

24

tì’ipu: [tI."Pi.pu] PF n. humortì’o’: [tI."PoP] PF n. fun, excitementtì’ong: [tI."PoN] PF n. blooming, unfoldingtì’ongokx: [tI."Po.Nok'^] PF n. birthtì’ul: [tI."Pul] PF n. increasetìaho: [tI.a."ho] PF n. prayer (in general, abstract

idea)tìeyktan: [tI."Ejk.tan] JC,PF n. leadershiptìfe’ul: [tI."fE.Pul] PF n. worsening (in the gene-

ral or abstract sense)tìfkeytok: [tI."fkEj.tok^] PF n. state, condition,

situationtìflä: [tI."flæ] PF n. success (in general)tìflänga’: [tI."flæ.Na] PF adj. successfultìflrr: [tI."flr

"] PF n. gentleness, tenderness

tìfmetok: [tI."fmE.tok^] PF n. testtìfmi: [tI."fmi] PF n. attempttìfnu: [tI."fnu] PF n. quiet, silencetìfnunga’: [tI."fnu.NaP] PF adj. quiet nfp.tìfpxamo: [tI."fp'a.mo] PF n. horrortìftang: [tI."ftaN] PF n. stopping, the glottal stoptìftang si: [tI."ftaN s·i] PF vin. stop (someone or

something)tìftia: [tI.fti".a] PF n. studytìftia kifkeyä: [tI.fti".a ki."fkE.jæ] PF n. science,

the study of the physical worldtìftiatu: [tI.fti".a.tu] PF n. researchertìftiatu kifkeyä: [tI.fti".a.tu ki."fkEj.æ] PF n.

scientisttìftxavang: [tI."ft'a.vaN] PF n. passiontìftxey: [tI."ft'Ej] PF n. choicetìftxulì’u: [tI.ft'u."lI.Pu] PF n. speech-making,

public speakingtìfyawìntxu: [tI.fja.wIn."t'u] PF n. guidancetìfyeyn: [tI."fjEjn] PF n. ripeness, maturity, full

fruitiontìhan: [tI."han] PF n. losstìhawl: [tI."hawl] PF n. preparations, plantìhawnu: [tI."haw.nu] PF n. protectiontìhawnu si: [tI."haw.nu "s·i] PF vin. protecttìhipx: [tI."hip'] PF n. controltìhìpey: [ti."hI.pEj] PF n. hesitationtìhona: [tI."ho.na] PF n. cuteness, adorablenesstìk’ìn: [tIk."PIn] PF n. free time, the absence of bu-

sinesstìkakpam: [tI.kak."pam] PF n. deafnesstìkakrel: [tI.kak."REl] PF n. blindnesstìkan: [tI."kan] PF n. aim, goal, purpose, targettìkangkem: [tI."kaN.kEm] PF n. work

tìkangkem si: [tI."kaN.kEm "s·i] PF vin. worktìkangkemvi: [tI."kaN.kEm.vi] PF n. project, pie-

ce of worktìkanu: [tI."ka.nu] PF n. intelligencetìkawng: [tI."kawN] PF n. eviltìkeftxo: [tI.kE."ft'o] PF n. sadnesstìkeftxonga’: [tI.kE."ft'o.NaP] PF adj. sad nfp.tìkelu: [tI."kE.lu] PF n. lacktìkemwiä: [tI.kEm."wi.æ] PF n. unfairness, in-

justicetìkenong: [tI."kE.noN] PF n. exampletìketeng: [tI."kE.tEN] PF n. differencetìkin: [tI."kin] PF n. needtìktseri: [tIk.">tsE.Ri] PF n. unawareness, lack of

noticetìkusar: [tI.ku."saR] PF n. teaching (the act)tìkxey: [tI."k'Ej] PF n. incorrectness, mistakenesstìkxey si: [tI."k'Ej "s·i] PF vin. mess up, foul, do

wrongtìkxìm: [tI."k'Im] PF n. commanding, ordering,

assigning taskstìkxìm si: [tI."k'Im s·i] PF vin. be above someone

in a heirarchy, be someone’s superiortìkxuke: [tI."k'u.kE] PF n. safetytìlam: [tI."lam] PF n. appearancetìlang: [tI."laN] PF n. explorationtìlatem: [tI."la.tEm] PF n. change (abstract con-

cept)tìlen: [tI."lEn] Prr n. event, happeningtìleym: [tI."lEjm] PF n. calltìleymfe’: [tI.lEjm."fEP] PF n. complainingtìleymkem: [tI.lEjm."kEm] PF n. protesting, pro-

test (abstract concept)tìloho: [tI."lo.ho] PF n. surprisetìlor: [tI."loR] PF n. beautytìm: [tIm] PF adj. lowtìmal: [tI."mal] PF n. trustworthinesstìme’em: [tI."mE.PEm] PF n. harmony (general

sense)tìmeyp: [tI."mEjp] PF n. weaknesstìmll’an: [tI.ml

"."Pan] PF n. acceptance

tìmok: [tI."mok^] PF n. abstract idea of a sugges-tion

tìmungwrr: [tI.muN."wr"] PF n. exception

tìmungwrr si: [tI.muN."wr"s·i] PF vin. make an

exceptiontìmuntxa: [tI.mun."t'a] PF n. mating, marriagetìmweypey: [tIm."wEj.pEj] PF n. patiencetìmwiä: [tIm."wi.æ] PF n. fairness, justice

25

tìmyì: ["tIm.jI] PF n. low leveltìn: [tIn] PF n. activity that keeps one busytìnawri: [tI."naw.Ri] PF n. talenttìnew: [tI."nEw] PF n. desiretìng: [t·IN] PF vtr. givetìngay: [tI."Naj] PF n. truthtìngäzìk: [tI."Næ.zIk^] PF n. difficulty, problemtìng ftxì: [t·IN ft'I] PF vin. tastetìng lawr: [t·IN lawR] PF vin. sing wordlessly, gi-

ve out a tune or melodytìng mikyun: ["t·IN "mik.jun] PF vin. listentìng nari: ["t·IN "na.Ri] PF vin. looktìngong: [tI."NoN] PF n. lethargy, lazinesstìng ontu: [t·IN "on.tu] JC,PF vin. smelltìngop: [tI."Nop^] PF n. abstract idea of a creationtìng syawn: [t·IN sjawn] PF vin. blesstìng tseng: ["t·IN "

>tsEN] PF vin. back down, give

groundtìng zekwä: ["t·IN "zEk.wæ] PF vin. touch (inten-

tionally)tìno: [tI."no] PF n. thoroughness, attention to de-

tailtìnomum: [tI."no.mum] PF n. curiositytìnui: [tI."nu.i] PF n. failure (abstract concept)tìnvi: ["tIn.vi] PF n. task, errand, step (in an in-

struction)tìnvi si: ["tIn.vi s·i] PF vin. perform a task, run

an errandtìoeyktìng: [tI."o.Ejk.tIN] PF n. explanation

(Pronounced [tI."wEjk.tIN] in casual speech)tìohakx: [tI.o."hak'] PF n. hungertìomum: [tI."o.mum] PF n. knowledgetìpaw: [tI."paw] PF n. growthtìpawm: [tI."pawm] PF n. questiontìpähem: [tI."pæ.hEm] PF n. arrivaltìpängkxo: [tI.pæN."k'o] PF n. conversation, di-

scussiontìpängkxotsyìp: [tI.pæN."k'o.

>tsjIp^] PF n. little

conversationtìpe’un: [tI."pE.Pun] PF n. decisiontìprrte’: [tI."pr

".tEP] PF n. pleasure

tìpsaw: [tIp."saw] PF n. clumsinesstìralpeng: [tI.Ral."pEN] PF n. translation, inter-

pretationtìran: [t·I."R·an] PF vin. walktìranpam: [tI."Ran.pam] PF n. footstep (sound)tìrawn: [tI."Rawn] PF n. replacement, the act of

replacing

tìrengop: [tI."rE.Nop^] PF n. design (the act or artof designing

tìrey: [tI."REj] PF n. lifetìrol: [tI."Rol] PF n. song (vocal)tìronsrel: [tI."Ron.sREl] PF n. imaginationtìska’a: [tI.ska."Pa] PF n. destructiontìsla’tsu: [tI."slaP.>tsu] PF n. descriptiontìslan: [tI."slan] PF n. support (emotional, social

or personal support) ofp.tìsnaytx: [tI."snajt'] PF n. losstìso’ha: [tI."soP.ha] PF n. enthusiasm, having a

good attitudetìsom: [tI."som] PF n. heattìsop: [tI."sop^] PF n. journeytìspe’e: [tI.spE."PE] PF n. capturetìspxin: [tI."sp'in] PF n. the state of being ill, sick-

nesstìsraw: [tI."sRaw] PF n. paintìsraw seyki: [tI."sRaw sEj."k·i] PF vtr. hurt (so-

meone or something)tìsraw si: [tI."sRaw "s·i] PF vin. hurt, be painfultìsrese’a: [tI."sRE.sE.Pa] PF n. prophecytìsteftxaw: [tI.stE."ft'aw] PF n. examinationtìsti: [tI."sti] PF n. angertìsung: [tI."suN] LN n. addition, post scripttìsyor: [tI."sjor] PF n. relaxationtìsyortsyìp: [tI."sjoR.>tsjIp^] PF n. break, small

rest or relaxationtìtaron: [tI."ta.Ron] PF n. huntingtìterkup: [tI."tER.kup^] PF n. death (in abstract

sense)“Death is inevitable."tìtsan’ul: [tI.">tsan.Pul] PF n. improvement (in

the general or abstract sense)tìtseri: [tI.">tsE.Ri] PF n. awareness, noticetìtslam: [tI.">tslam] PF n. understanding, intelli-

gencetìtstew: [tI.">tstEw] PF n. courage, braverytìtstewnga’: [tI.">tstEw.NaP] PF adj. courageous,

brave nfp. (e.g. a brave deed)tìtstunwi: [tI.">tstun.wi] PF n. kindnesstìtstunwinga’: [tI."stun.wi.NaP] PF adj. kind

nfp.tìtsunslu: [tI.">tsun.slu] PF n. possibilitytìtsyär: [tI.">tsjæR] PF n. rejectiontìtsyul: [tI.">tsjul] PF n. beginning, starttìtusaron: [tI.tu."sa.Ron] PF n. huntingtìtxanew: [tI."t'a.nEw] PF n. greedtìtxantslusam: [tI."t'an.>tslu.sam] PF n. wisdom

(seldom used)

26

tìtxap: [tI."t'ap^] PF n. pressure (physical)tìtxen: [tI."t'En] PF n. awakeness, the state of wa-

kingtìtxen si: [tI."t'En s·i] PF vin. to wake, to waken,

wake uptìtxula: [tI."t'u.la] PF n. construction, construc-

ted thingtìtxur: [tI."t'uR] PF n. strength, powertìtxurnga’: [tI."t'uR. NaP] PF adj. powerful nfp.tìvawm: [tI."vawm] PF n. darknesstìväng: [tI."væN] PF n. thirsttìve’kì: [tI.vEP."kI] PF n. hatredtìwan: [tI."wan] PF n. obfuscation, cover uptìwäsul: [tI."wæ.sul] PF n. competitiontìwäte: [tI.wæ."tE] PF n. dispute, argumenttìwew: [tI."wEw] PF n. coldness, coldtìwìngay: [tI.wI."Naj] PF n. proof, proving (ab-

stract)tìwusem: [tI.wu."sEm] PF n. fightingtìyawn: [tI."jawn] PF n. lovetìyawr: [tI."jawR] PF n. correctnesstìyäkx: [tI."Jæk'] PF n. lack of notice, snubbingtìyo’: [tI."joP^] PF n. perfectiontìyora’: [tI.jo"RaP] PF n. victory, a wintìyusom: [tI.ju."som] PF n. eating (the act)to: [to] PF part. comparative marker than (be-

haves like an adp.)tok: [t·ok^] PF vtr. be at, occupy a spacetokx: [tok'] PF n. bodytolel: [to."lEl] PF intj. Eureka! I found it! I un-

derstand! (synonym: tslolam)toltem: [t·ol."t·Em] PF vtr. shoottompa: ["tom.pa] PF n. raintompakel: ["tom.pa.kel] PF n. droughttompameyp: [tom.pa."mEjp^] PF n. drizzletomperwì: ["tom.pER.wI] PF n. sleettompìva: ["tom.pI.va] PF n. raindroptong: [t·oN] PF vtr. put out, quenchtor: [toR] PF adj. last, ultimate, terminal

toruk makto: ["to.Ruk^ "mak.to] JC n. toruk riderto tìtseri: [to tI."

>tsE.Ri] PF ph. than is apparent,

than you are aware oftrr: [tr

"] PF n. day

trr’awve: [tr"."Paw.vE] PF n. Sunday

trr’ong: [tr"."PoN] PF n. dawn, sunrise

trr’ongmaw: [tr"."PoN.maw] PF n. dawn after

sunrisetrram: [tr

"."am] PF adv. yesterday

trray: [tr"."aj] PF adv. tomorrow

trrkive: [tr"."ki.vE] PF n. Saturday

trrmrrve: [tr"."mr

".vE] PF n. Thursday

trrmuve: [tr"."mu.vE] PF n. Monday

trrpeve: [tr"."pE.vE] PF inter. which day (derived

from trr day and –pe interrogative markerand –ve ordinal number marker)

trrpuve: [tr"."pu.vE] PF n. Friday

trrpxeyve: [tr"."p'Ej.vE] PF n. Tuesday

trrtsìve: [tr".">tsI.vE] PF n. Wednesday

trrtxon: [tr".t'on] PF n. the day and night cycle of

Pandoratukru: [tuk."Ru] PF n. speartul: [t·ul] PF vin. runtumpin: ["tum.pin] PF n. red, orangetun: [tun] PF adj. red, orangetung: [t·uN] PF vtr. allowtungzup: [t·uN."z·up^] PF vtr. droptup: [tup^] PF conj. instead of, rather thantupe: ["tu.pE] PF inter. whotut: [tut^] PF part. continuation markertuté: [tu."tE] PF n. female (person)tutan: [tu."tan] PF n. male (person)tute: ["tu.tE] PF n. persontuteo: ["tu.tE.o] PF pn. somebody, someonetutsena: ["tut.sE.na] PF n. stretchertuvom: [tu."vom] PF adj. greatest of all, excee-

dingly greattuvon: ["t·u.v·on] PF v. lean

Ts

tsa’u: [">tsa.Pu] PF dem. that (thing)

tsafya: [>tsa."fja] PF adv. that way, like that

tsa-hey: [">tsa."hEj] ZS intj. expression of warningor frustration, ’crap!’, ’ah, hell!’

tsaheyl si: [>tsa."hEjl "s·i] PF vin. bond with,establish a neural connection

tsaheylu: [>tsa."hEj.lu] JC,PF n. bond (neural con-nection)

tsakem: [">tsa.kEm] or [>tsa."kEm] PF dem. that

(action)

tsakrr: [>tsa."kr"] PF adv. then, at that time, that

time

27

tsakrrvay: [>tsa."kr".vaj] PF adv. until then, in the

meantimetsal: [>tsal] PF pn. that, it (transitive subject)tsalsungay: [>tsal.su."Naj] PF adv. nevertheless,

even sotsam: [>tsam] PF n. wartsamopin: [">tsa.mo.pin] PF n. warpainttsampongu: [">tsam.po.Nu] PF n. war partytsamsä’o: [">tsam.sæ.Po] PF n. weapon of wartsamsiyu: [">tsam.si.ju] PF n. warriortsan’ul: [">tsan.P·ul] PF vin. improve, get bettertsang: [>tsaN] PF n. a piercingtsankum: [">tsan.kum] PF n. advantage, benefit,

upside, gaintsankumnga’: [">tsan.kum.NaP] PF adj. advanta-

geoustsap’alute: [>tsap."Pa.lu.tE] PF n. apologytsap’alute si: [>tsap."Pa.lu.tE "s·i] PF vin. apolo-

gise (apologize)tsapo: [">tsa.po] PF pn. that one (for people only)tsaria: [">tsa.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. thattsat: [>tsat^] PF pn. that, it (as object)tsata: [">tsa.ta] PF pn., sbd. thattsatseng: [>tsa.">tsEN] or ["

>tsa.

>tsEN] PF dem., n.

there, that placetsatu: [">tsa.tu] PF dem. that persontsaw: [>tsaw] PF dem., pn. that, it (as intransitive

subject)tsawa: [">tsa.wa] PF pn., sbd. thatTsawke: [">tsaw.kE] PF n. sun; Alpha Centauri ATsawkenay: [>tsaw.kE."naj] PF n. Alpha Centau-

ri Btsawl: [>tsawl] PF adj. big (in size), tall ofp.tsawlhì’: [>tsawl."hIP] PF n. sizetsawl slu: [">tsawl "sl·u] PF vin. growtsawlultxa: [>tsawl.ul."t'a] PF n. large gathering,

conferencetsawn: [>ts·awn] PF vtr. gather growing food from

the forest; pick; harvest (in agriculture)tsawsngem: [>tsaw."sNEm] PF adj. musculartsä’: [>ts·æP] PF v. squirttse: [>tsE] PF part. well (conversation starter)tse’a: [>ts·E."P·a] PF vtr. see (physical sense)tse’atswo: [>tsE."Pa.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) sight,

visiontseltsul: [">tsEl.>tsul] PF n. whitewater rapids

(countable, but only rarely)tsenga: [">tsE.Na] PF conj. where, place wheretseng(e): [">tsEN(E)] PF n. place

tsengo: [">tsE.No] PF pn. somewheretsengpe: [">tsEN.pE] PF inter. wheretseo: [">tsE.o] PF n. arttseotu: [">tsE.o.tu] PF n. artist (generic term)tseri: [">ts·E.R·i] PF vtr. note, noticetsewtx: [>tsEwt'] PF adj. dirtytsim: [>tsim] PF n. sourcetsin: [>tsin] PF n. nail, clawtsìk: [>tsIk] PF adv. suddenly, without warningtsìlpey: [>tsIl."pEj] PF n. hope (abstract concept)tsìltsan: [>tsIl.">tsan] PF n. good (abstract concept),

goodnesstsìng: [>tsIN] PF num. fourtsìsyì: [">ts·I.sy·I] PF vin. whispertsìve: [">tsI.vE] PF adj. fourth (ordinal)tskalep: [">tska.lEp^] PF n. crossbowtskawr: [>tsk·awR] PF vin. limptsko: [>tsko] PF n. bow (weapon)tsko swizaw: [">tsko swi."zaw] PF n. bow and ar-

rowtskxaytsyìp: [">tsk'aj.>tsjIp^] PF n. hailtskxe: [>tsk'E] PF n. rock, stonetskxekeng: [">tsk'E.kEN] PF n. training, exercisetskxekeng si: [">tsk'E.kEN "s·i] PF vin. exercise,

traintskxepay: [">tsk'E.paj] PF n. icetskxevi: [">tsk'E.vi] PF n. pebble, small stone po-

lished smooth by natural forcestslam: [>tsl·am] PF vtr. understandtsleng: [>tslEN] PF adj. falsetslolam: [>tslo."lam] PF intj. get it, I understandtsmi: [>tsmi] PF n. nectartsmisnrr: [">tsmi.snr

"] PF n. bladder lantern, nec-

tar lanterntsmìm: [>tsmIm] PF n. track, trace (of animal or

person)tsmuk: [>tsmuk^] PF n. siblingtsmukan: [">tsmu.kan] PF n. brothertsmuke: [">tsmu.kE] PF n. sistertsmuktu: [">tsmuk.tu] PF n. siblingtsngal: [>tsNal] PF n. cuptsngan: [>tsNan] PF n. meattsngawpay: [">tsNaw.paj] PF n. tearstsngawpayvi: [">tsNaw.paj.vi] PF n. teardroptsngawvìk: [">tsN·aw.v·Ik^] PF vin. cry, weeptsngem: [>tsNEm] PF n. muscletsnì: [>tsnI] PF sbd. that (function word) (with

subjunctive verb in dependant clause)

28

tson: [>tson] PF n. obligation, duty, imposed requi-rement

tsong: [>tsoN] PF n. valleytsongropx: [">tsoN.Rop'] PF n. hole, cavity, exca-

vation with a bottom (visible or presumed)tsongtsyìp: [">tsoN.>tsjIp] PF n. dimpletsonta: [">tson.ta] PF conj. to (with kxìm)

(contraction of tsonit a)tsopì: [">tso.pI] PF n. lungtspang: [>tsp·aN] PF vtr. killtsranten: [">tsR·an.t·En] PF vin. matter, be of im-

portancetsray: [>tsRaj] PF n. villagetsre’i: [">tsR·E.P·i] PF vtr. throwtsrul: [>tsRul] PF n. nest; protected area serving as

the home of Pandoran faunatstal: [>tstal] PF n. knifetstalsena: [">tstal.sE.na] PF n. knife sheathtstew: [>tstEw] PF adj. brave ofp.tstu: [>tstu] PF adj. closed, shut, overcast (for

cloudy skies)tstunwi: [">tstun.wi] PF adj. kind, thoughtful,

consideratetstu si: [">tstu "s·i] PF vin. closetstxo: [>tst'o] PF n. nametstxolì’u: [">tst'o.lI.Pu] PF n. nountstxolì’ukìngvi: [>tst'o."lIP.u.k��N.vi] PF n. noun

phrase (phrase whose pivotal or central word isa noun)

tsu’o: [">tsu.Po] PF n. abilitytsuksìm: [">tsuk.sIm] PF n. chintsuktswa’: [>tsuk.">tswaP] PF adj. forgettabletsukx: [>ts·uk'] PF vtr. stabtsukyom: [>tsuk."jom] PF adj. edible

tsulfä: [>tsul."fæ] PF n. masterytsulfä si: [>tsul."fæ "s·i] PF vin. mastertsulfätu: [>tsul."fæ.tu] PF n. master of an art,

craft, or skill, experttsulfätunay: [>tsul.fæ.tu."naj] PF n. near-mastertsun: [>ts·un] PF vim. can, be abletsunslu: [">ts·un.sl·u] PF vin. may, be possibletsurokx: [>ts·u."R·ok'] PF vin. resttswa’: [>tsw·aP] PF vtr. forgettswal: [>tswal] PF n. powertswalnga’: [">tswal.NaP] PF adj. powerful nfp.tswayon: [">tsw·aj.·on] PF vin. flytswesya: [">tswE.sja] PF n. currenttswesya si: [">tswE.sja s·i] PF vin. flowtswin: [>tswin] PF n. queue, braidtswintsyìp: [">tswin.

>tsjIp^] PF n. little queue

tswìk: [>tsw·Ik^] PF vtr. sucktswìk kxenerit: [>tsw·Ik^"k'E.nE.Rit] PF,D vin.

smoke (lit. to suck smoke)tsyafe: [">tsja.fE] PF adj. mild, moderate, comfor-

tabletsyal: [>tsjal] PF n. wingtsyär: [>tsj·æR] PF vtr. rejecttsyey: [>tsjEj] PF n. snack, light mealtsyeym: [>tsjEjm] PF n. treasure; something rare

and of great valuetsyeytsyìp: [">tsjEj.>tsjIp^] PF n. tiny bitetsyìl: [>tsj·Il] PF vtr. climb, scale (pulling entire

body up)tsyo: [>tsjo] PF n. flourtsyokx: [>tsjok'] PF n. handtsyosyu: [">tsjo.sju] PF n. food made from flourtsyul: [>tsj·ul] PF vtr. begin, start

Tx

txa’: [t'aP] PF adj. hardtxal: [t'al] PF n. back (of the body)txampay: [t'am."paj] PF n. sea, oceantxampxì: [t'am."p'I] PF n. majority, most, large

parttxan: [t'an] PF adj. muchtxanatan: ["t'a.na.tan] PF adj. bright, vividtxanew: ["t'a.nEw] PF adj. greedytxanfwerwì: [t'an."fwER.wI] PF n. blizzardtxankeltrrtrr: ["t'an.kEl.tr

".tr"] PF adj. extraordi-

narytxankrr: [t'aN."kr

"] PF adv. for a long time

txanlal: ["t'an.lal] PF adj. ancient, very oldtxanlokxe: [t'an.lo."k'E] PF n. clan or tribal do-

main, countrytxanro’a: [t'an."R·o.P·a] PF vin. be famoustxansngum: [t'an."sNum] PF n. desperation; fee-

ling of great worrytxansngum si: [t'an."sNum s·i] PF vin. feel de-

speratetxanso’hayu: [t'an."soP.ha.ju] PF n. fan, ent-

husiasttxantompa: [t'an."tom.pa] PF n. rainstorm, hea-

vy rain

29

txantsan: ["t'an.>tsan] PF adj. excellenttxantsawl: ["t'an.>tsawl] PF adj. giant, hugetxantslusam: ["t'an.>tslu.sam] PF adj. wisetxantstew: ["t'an.>tstEw] PF n. herotxantur: ["t'an.tuR] PF adj. powerful ofp.txantxew: [t'an."t'Ew] PF n. maximumtxantxewvay: [t'an."t'Ew.vaj] PF adv. maximal-

lytxanwawe: [t'an.wa."wE] PF adj. personally me-

aningful, significanttxanwetseng: [t'an."wE.

>tsEN] PF n. personally

significant or beloved place, heimat (ger.)txap: [t'·ap^] PF vtr. press, press on, apply (phy-

sical) pressure totxasom: ["t'a.som] PF adj. very hottxasunu: [t'a."su.nu] PF vin. love greatly, enjoy

tremendously nfp.txatx: [t'at'] PF n. bubbletxavä’: [t'a."væP] PF adj. disgustingtxawew: ["t'a.wEw] PF adj. very coldtxay: [t'·aj] PF vin. be horizontal, lie flattxayo: ["t'a.jo] PF n. field, open terrain, plaintxärem: ["t'æ.REm] PF n. bonetxe’lan: [t'EP."lan] PF n. hearttxe’lankong: [t'EP."lan.koN] PF n. heartbeattxekxumpay: [t'E."k'um.paJ] PF n. magma, lavatxele: ["t'E.lE] PF n. matter (subject)txen: [t'En] PF adj. awaketxep: [t'Ep^] PF n. firetxepìva: ["t'E.pI.va] PF n. ash, cindertxepram: [t'Ep."Ram] PF n. volcanotxeptseng: ["t'Ep.>tsEN] PF n. place where a fire is

burning or has burnedtxeptsyìp: ["t'Ep.>tsjIp^] PF n. dear or cute little

firetxeptun: ["t'Ep.tun] PF adj. orange (“fire tun")txepvi: ["t'Ep.vi] PF n. sparktxew: [t'Ew] PF n. edge, brink, limit, border, end

txewk: [t'Ewk^] PF n. club (weapon)txewluke: ["t'Ew.lu.kE] PF adj. endless, bound-

less, without limittxewm: [t'Ewm] PF adj. scary, frighteningtxewnga’: ["t'Ew.NaP] PF adj. having a limit, not

without bounds, finitetxey: [t'·Ej] PF v. halttxi: [t'i] PF n. hurry, hurriedness, frenzytxin: [t'in] PF adj. main, primarytxintìn: ["t'in.tIn] PF n. occupation, primary role

in societytxintseng: ["t'in.>tseN] PF n. base of operationstxìm: [t'Im] PF n. butt, rear end, asstxìng: [t'·IN] PF vtr. leave, abandontxo: [t'o] PF conj. iftxoa: ["t'o.a] PF n. forgivenesstxokefyaw: ["t'o.kE.fjaw] conj. if not, or else, ot-

herwisetxon: [t'on] PF n. nighttxon’ong: [t'on."PoN] PF,Prr n. night-fall, sunset,

dusk, gloamingtxon’ongmaw: [t'on."PoN.maw] PF n. twilight,

the time before dark, after sunsettxonam: [t'o."nam] PF adv. last nighttxonay: [t'o."naj] PF adv. tomorrow nighttxonkrr: ["t'on.kr

"] PF adv. at night

txopu: ["t'o.pu] PF n. feartxopu si: ["t'o.pu "s·i] PF vin. be afraidtxopu sleyku: ["t'o.pu slEj."k·u] PF vtr. frightentxukx: [t'uk'] PF adj. deep (physically)txula: ["t'·u.l·a] PF vtr. build, constructtxum: [t'um] PF n. poisontxumnga’: ["t'um.NaP] PF adj. poisonoustxur: [t'uR] PF adj. strong (physically)txurtel: ["t'uR.tel] PF n. ropetxurtu: ["t'uR.tu] PF n. strongman/woman,

brawny person

U

ue’: [·u·"EP] PF vtr., vin. vomit, vomit up

uk: [uk^] PF n. shadow

ukxo: [u."k'o] PF adj. dry

ulte: ["ul.tE] PF conj. and (clausal conjunction)

ultxa: [ul."t'a] PF n. meeting

ultxarun: [ul."t'a.R·un] PF vtr. encounter, meetby chance (ii)

ultxa si: [ul."t'a "s·i] PF vin. meet with someoneintentionally (use hu with)

ultxatu: [ul."t'a.tu] PF n. meeting participantum: [um] PF adj. looseunil: ["u.nil] JC n. dreamunil si: ["u.nil s·i] PF vin. dreamuniltìrantokx: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'] JC,PF n. ava-

tar, dreamwalker body

30

uniltìrantokxolo’: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'.o.loP] PF

n. clan, or group of avatarsuniltìranyu: [u.nil.tI."Ran.ju] PF n. dreamwalkeruniltsa: ["u.nIl.>ts·a] PF vtr. dream of, dream

aboutunyor: [un."joR] PF adj. sweetly aromatic (a flo-

wery or aromatic woody sort of smell; may alsorefer to some spices used in Na’vi cooking)

uo–: ["u.o] PF adp. behinduolì’uvi: ["u.o.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. suffix

uran: ["u.Ran] PF n. boatutral: ["ut.Ral] PF n. treeutraltsyìp: ["ut.Ral.>tsjIp^] PF n. bushutu: ["u.tu] PF n. forest canopyutumauti: ["u.tu.ma.u.ti] PF n. banana fruit (lit.

canopy fruit)uvan: [u."van] PF n. gameuvan letokx: [u."van lE."tok'] PF n. physical or

athletic game, sportuvan si: [u."van "s·i] PF vin. play (a game)

V

var: [v·aR] PF vim. to persist in a state, to conti-nue to perform an action

vawm: [vawm] PF adj. darkvawmpin: ["vawm.pin] PF n. dark colorvawt: [vawt^] PF adj. solid, not hollowvay–: [vaj] PF adp. up tovaykrr: [vaj."kr

"] PF conj. until

vä’: [væP] PF adj. unpleasant to the senses, noiso-me

väng: [væN] PF adj. thirstyväpam: ["væ.pam] PF n. noise. ugly or unplea-

sant sound, screechve’kì: [v·EP."k·I] PF vtr. hateve’o: ["vE.Po] PF n. order (as opposed to disorder

or chaos), organizationvefya: ["vE.fja] PF n. system, process, procedure,

approachvelek: ["v·E.l·Ek^] PF vin. give up, surrender, con-

cede defeatvelke: ["vEl.ke] PF adj. chaotic, messy, disorgani-

zed, in shamblesvenga’: ["vE.NaP] PF adj. organized, “on top of

things”venu: ["vE.nu] PF n. footvenzek: ["vEn.zEk^] PF n. toevewng: [v·EwN] PF vtr. look after, take care of, be

responsible forvey: [vEj] PF n. food made from animal origin,

fleshvezeyko: [vE.zEj."ko] PF vtr. put in order, orga-

nizevezo: [vE."z·o] PF vin. be in order, be organizedvin: [v·in] PF vtr. request, ask for

vingkap: ["v·iN.k·ap^] PF vtr. occur to one, popinto one’s mind

virä: [v·i."R·æ] PF v. spread, proliferatevitra: [vit."Ra] PF n. soulvll: [v·l

"] PF vin., vtr. indicate, point at

vol: [vol] PF num. eightvolve: ["vol.vE] PF adj. eighth (ordinal)vonvä’: [von."væP] PF n. butthole, asshole, dick-

head (vulgar) (lit. stinksoul)vospxey: [vo."sp'Ej] PF n. Marchvospxì: [vo."sp'I] PF n. monthvospxì’aw: [vo.sp'I."Paw] PF n. Januaryvospxìam: [vo.sp'I."am] PF n. last monthvospxìay: [vo.sp'I."aj] PF n. next monthvospxìkin: [vo.sp'I."kin] PF n. Julyvospxìmrr: [vo.sp'I."mr

"] PF n. May

vospxìmun: [vo.sp'I."mun] PF n. Februaryvospxìpuk: [vo.sp'I."puk^] PF n. Junevospxìtsìng: [vo.sp'I.">tsIN] PF n. Aprilvospxìvol: [vo.sp'I."vol] PF n. Augustvospxìvolaw: [vo.sp'I.vo."law] PF n. Septembervospxìvomun: [vo.sp'I.vo."mun] PF n. Octobervospxìvopey: [vo.sp'I.vo."pEj] PF n. Novembervospxìvosìng: [vo.sp'I.vo."sIN] PF n. Decembervrrìn: ["v·r

".·In] PF svin. be busy (negative sen-

se): be tired out and overwhelmed by an activitythat’s keeping one busy

vrrtep: ["vr".tEp^] PF n. demon

vul: [vul] PF n. branch (of a tree)vultsyìp: ["vul.>tsjIp^] PF n. stickvur: [vuR] PF n. storyvurvi: ["vuR.vi] PF n. summary, synopsisvurway: ["vuR.waj] PF n. story poem, narrative

poem

31

W

walak: ["wa.lak^] PF adj. energetic, activewalew: [w·a."l·Ew] PF vin. get over, accept some

fact, reconcile oneself, move onwan: [w·an] PF vtr. hidewawe: [wa."wE] PF n. meaning, importance, sig-

nificanceway: [waj] PF n. song (ancient, ceremonial)way a plltxe: [waj a pl

".t'E] PF ph. spoken poem

(as a melodic recital)way a rol: [waj a Rol] PF ph. sung poemwayä aylì’u: [waj.æ ajlI.Pu] PF ph. words of a

poem or lyrics of a songway si: ["waj "s·i] PF vin. singwaytelem: ["waj.tE.lEm] PF n. song cordwä+: [wæ] PF adp. against (as in: fight against)wäsul: ["wæ.s·ul] PF vin. competewäte: [wæ."t·E] PF vtr. argue, disputewätu: ["wæ.tu] PF n. opponentwätx: [w·æt'] PF vtr. be bad atwe’ay: ["wE.Paj] PF adj. sourwem: [w·Em] PF vin. fightwempongu: ["wEm.po.Nu] PF n. squad, military

clan, battle party

weopx: [wE."op'] PF n. wave (of water)wew: [wEw] PF adj. coldweyn: [w·Ejn] PF vtr. draw, illustratewin: [win] PF adj. fastwin säpi: ["win sæ."p·i] PF vin. hurrywin si: ["win "s·i] PF vin. rush something, make

something fastwip: [wip^] PF adj. saltywiya: ["wi.ja] ZS intj. expression of warning or

frustration, ’damn!’wìngay: [w·I."Naj] PF vtr. provewìntxu: [w·In."t'·u] PF vtr. showwo: [w·o] PF vtr. reach forwok: [wok^] PF adj. loudwokau: [wok."a.u] JC,PF n. pendulum drumwotx: [wot'] PF n. totality, wholewrrpa: ["wr

".pa] PF n., adv. outside

wrrza’u: [wr"."z·a.Pu] PF vin. come out, emerge

wum: [wum] PF adv. approximately, roughlywur: [wuR] PF adj. cool, chillywutso: ["wu.

>tso] PF n. dinner, served meal

Y

ya: [ja] PF n. airyafkeyk: ["ja.fkEjk^] PF n. weatheryak: [jak^] PF n. fork, branch, point of divergenceyak si: [j·ak^ s·i] PF vin. diverge, change direc-

tion, go astrayyaney: [ja."nEj] PF n. canoeyapay: ["ja.paj] PF n. mist, fog, steamyawne: ["jaw.nE] PF adj. belovedyawnetu: ["jaw.nE.tu] PF n. loved oneyawntu: ["jawn.tu] PF n. loved oneyawntutsyìp: ["jawn.tu.

>tsjIp] PF n. darling, litt-

le loved oneyawnyewla: [jawn."jEw.la] PF n. broken heart,

broken heartednessyawo: [ja."w·o] PF vin. take off, launchyayayr: [ja."jajR] PF n. confusionyayayrnga’: [ja."jajR.NaP] PF adj. confusingyayayrtsim: [ja."jajR.>tsim] PF n. something con-

fusing, source of confusionyaymak: ["jaj.mak^] PF adj. foolish, ignorantyayo: ["ja.jo] PF n. bird

yayotsrul: ["ja.jo.>tsRul] PF n. bird’s nestyäkx: [J·æk'] PF vtr. not notice, ignore, snubyän: [j·æn] PF vtr. fasten, tie downye: [jE] PF adj. satisfied, content, satiated, fullye’krr: ["jEP.kr

"] PF adv. early

ye’rìn: ["jEP.RIn] PF adv. soonyehakx: ["jE.hak'] PF adj. satisfied from hunger,

fullyem: [j·Em] PF vtr. put, placeyemfpay: [jEm."fpaj] PF n. dipping, immersion

(into liquid)yemfpay si: [jEm."fpaj "s·i] PF vin. dip into

liquidyemstokx: ["j·Em.stok'] PF vtr. put on (clot-

hing), donyengwal: [jEN."wal] PF n. sorrowyeväng: ["jE.væN] PF adj. satisfied from thirst by

drink, feeling quenched, slakedyewla: ["jEw.la] PF n. disappointment, emotional

let-down, failed expectationyey: [jEj] PF adj. straight

32

yeyfya: ["jEj.fja] PF n. straight lineyì: [jI] PF n. shelf, ledge, level, step, rung (Can al-

so be used metaphorically to refer to the le-vel of anything scalable - anything that canhave levels or degrees, highs and lows, wa-ter level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.)

yìm: [j·Im] PF vtr. bindyll: [jl

"] PF adj. communal

ylltxep: ["jl".t'Ep^] PF n. communal fire or fire pit

yo: [jo] PF n. surfaceyo’: [j·oP^] PF svin. be perfect, flawlessyo’ko: ["joP.ko] PF n. circleyo’kofya: ["joP.ko.fja] PF n. cycleyoa–: ["jo.a] PF adp. in exchange foryol: [jol] PF adj. short (of time)yom: [j·om] PF vtr. eat

yomtìng: ["jom.t·IN] PF vin. feed (with dative ob-ject) (ii)

yomvey: [j·om."vEj] PF vin. dine on flesh, be ca-niverous (ii)

yomyo: ["jom.jo] PF n. plate, (for food)yomyo lerìk: ["jom.yo lE."rIk^] PF n. leaf plateyomzeswa: [j·om."zE.swa] PF vin. graze (ii)yora’: [j·o."R·aP] PF vtr. winyora’tu: [jo."RaP.tu] PF n. winneryrr: [jr

"] PF adj. wild, natural (something in its

original, unmodified, untampered-with naturalstate)

yrrap: ["jr".ap^] PF n. storm

yuey: ["ju.Ej] PF adj. beautiful (inner beauty)ofp.

yune: ["j·u.n·E] PF vtr. listen to (intentionally)yur: [j·uR] PF vtr. wash

Z

za’ärìp: [za."P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. pullza’u: ["z·a.P·u] PF vin. comezam: [zam] PF num. sixty fourzamunge: [za."m·u.N·E] PF vtr. bringzapxì: [za."p'I] PF n. front (part or section)zare’: [za."REP] PF n. forehead, browzasrìn: [za."sR·In] PF vtr. borrowzawng: [z·awN] PF vin. screamzawprrte’: [z·aw."pr

".tEP] PF vin. be enjoyable

zawr: [zawr] PF n. animal callzäfi: ["zæ.fi] PF adj. modified, interfered with, no

longer in a natural statezekwä: ["zEk.wæ] PF n. fingerzel: [zEl] PF adv. then (counterfactual use)zene: ["z·E.n·E] PF vim. mustzenke: ["z·EN.kE] PF vim. must not (ii)zerok: ["z·E.R·ok^] PF vtr. rememberzeswa: ["zE.swa] PF n. grasszeswavi: ["zE.swa.vi] PF n. blade of grasszet: [z·Et^] PF vtr. treat (emotionally), display an

attitude towardszey: [zEj] PF adj. special, distinctzeyko: [zEj."k·o] PF vtr. heal, fixzeykoyu: [zEj."ko.ju] PF n. healerzir: [ziR] PF n. touch, feel, texturezìm: [z·Im] PF vtr. feel (not intentionally)

zìma’uyu: [zI."ma.Pu.ju] PF n. newcomer, some-one who has just arrived on the scene

zìmtswo: ["zIm.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) touch

zìsìkrr: ["zI.sI.kr"] PF n. season

zìsìt: ["zI.sIt^] PF n. yearzìsìtay: ["zI.sIt.aj] PF n. next yearzìsìtsaltrr: [zI.sIt."sal.tr

"] PF n. (yearly) anniver-

saryzìskrrmipaw: [zI.skr

"."mi.paw] PF n. spring

zìskrrsom: [zI.skr"."som] PF n. summer

zìskrrtsawn: [zI.skr".">tsawn] PF n. autumn, fall

zìskrrwew: [zI.skr"."wEw] PF n. winter

zìtsaltrr: [zI.">tsal.tr"] PF n. colloquial form of

zìsìtsaltrr (yearly anniversary)zo: [z·o] PF svin. be well, be intact, be as it should

be, work correctly or as nature intendedzong: [z·oN] PF vtr. save, defendzongtseng: ["zoN.>tsEN] PF n. safe place, refugezoplo: [zop."lo] PF n. offence, insultzoslu: ["zo.sl·u] PF vin. heal, become well, get fix-

ed (ii)zum: [zum] PF n. object, thing (physical or tan-

gible)zun: [zun] PF conj. if (counterfactual use)zung: [z·uN] PF vin. crouchzup: [z·up^] PF vin. fallzusawkrr: [zu."saw.kr

"] PF n. future

33

ä

äie: [æ."i.E] PF n. vision (spiritual)äo–: ["æ.o] PF adp. under, belowätxäle: [æ."t'æ.lE] PF n. request

ätxäle si: [æ."t'æ.lE "s·i] PF vin. request (withtsnì clause for object)

ì

ìì: [I:] PF intj. um, erìlä+: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] PF adp. by, via, following,

according to

ìley: [I."lEj] LA intj. war cryìlva: ["Il.va] PF n. flake, drop, chipìpxa: [I."p'a] RL,PF n. fern

34

A The Number System

The following are charts of Na’vi numbers, which are adjectives that modify nouns in theirsingular form, like ’awa tute. Note that it is not a decimal, but an octal system. Underliningindicates where the stress ought to fall. The numbers 8 and 9 are included for terrestrial numberreference, such as in phone numbers. They do not signify the value of 8 or 9.

Note that when using numbers in conversational Na’vi, Dr. Frommer has introduced agrammatical rule, called “the Koren Holpxayä”, or “the Number Principle”, which states thatin referring to the same entity, express number only once per clause. For example, the sentence “Youtwo are teachers.” in Na’vi would be “Menga lu karyu.” and the sentence “They are teachers.”would be “Fo lu karyu.”.

Na’vi Numbers: 0 – 390 1 2 3 4

0 kew vol mevol pxevol tsìvol1 ’aw volaw mevolaw pxevolaw tsìvolaw2 mune vomun mevomun pxevomun tsìvomun3 pxey vopey mevopey pxevopey tsìvopey4 tsìng vosìng mevosìng pxevosìng tsìvosìng5 mrr vomrr mevomrr pxevomrr tsìvomrr6 pukap vofu mevofu pxevofu tsìvofu7 kinä vohin mevohin pxevohin tsìvohin

Na’vi Numbers: 40 – 635 6 7

0 mrrvol puvol kivol1 mrrvolaw puvolaw kivolaw2 mrrvomun puvomun kivomun3 mrrvopey puvopey kivopey4 mrrvosìng puvosìng kivosìng5 mrrvomrr puvomrr kivomrr6 mrrvofu puvofu kivofu7 mrrvohin puvohin kivohin

Ordinal NumbersNumber + -ve

0 – 8 volve1 ’awve 9 volawve2 muve 10 vomuve3 pxeyve 11 vopeyve4 tsìve 12 vosìve5 mrrve 13 vomrrve6 puve 14 vofuve7 kive 15 vohive

More Na’vi Numbers:x1 combining x8 x64 x512 x4096

1 ’aw -aw vol zam vozam zazam2 mune -mun mevol mezam mevozam mezazam3 pxey -pey pxevol pxezam pxevozam pxezazam4 tsìng -sìng tsìvol tsìzam tsìvozam tsìzazam5 mrr -mrr mrrvol mrrzam mrrvozam mrrzazam6 pukap -fu puvol puzam puvozam puzazam7 kinä -hin kivol kizam kivozam kizazam

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Example Numberzamtsìvosìng zam + tsìvo + sìng 64 + 4∗8 + 4 100

Non-Na’vi Numbers8 ’eyt 9 nayn

B Time

Here is a list of the Pandoran times of the day, as well as names made for the terrestrial week.Stress is again shown with underlining.

Trrtxontrr’ong dawn

trr’ongmaw after dawnrewon morning

srekamtrr before noonkxamtrr noon

kxamtrrmaw after noonha’ngir early afternoonkaym late afternoon

sreton’ong before nightfalltxon’ong nightfall

txon’ongmaw after nightfalltxon night

srekamtxon before midnightkxamtxon midnight

kxamtxomaw after midnighttxon night

sresrr’ong before dawntrr’ong dawn

Days of the Terrestrial WeekSunday trr’awveMonday trrmuveTuesday trrpxeyve

Wednesday trrtsìveThursday trrmrrve

Friday trrpuveSaturday trrkive

C Na’vi Loan Words

’Ìnglìsì: ["PIN.lI.sI] PF n. English language (loa-ned from Eng. English)

’Rrta: ["Pr".ta] PF,Prr prop.n. Earth (loaned

from Eng. Earth)Europa: [E.u."Ro.pa] PF prop.n. Europe (loaned

from Greek Europe)ewro: ["Ew.Ro] PF n. euro (loaned from Eng. eu-

ro)hametsì: [ha.mE.

>tsI] PF n. leavened bread (loa-

ned from Hebrew chametz)Jakesully: [ZEjk'su:l

"i] M n. moron, toruk mak-

toyu (loaned from Eng. Jake Sully) (not nor-mally allowable under Na’vi phonotacticrules)

Kelnì: ["kEl.nI] PF prop.n. Köln, Cologne

kunsìp: ["kun.sIp^] PF n. gunship (loaned fromEng. gunship)

lì’upuk: ["lI.Pu.puk^] PF n. dictionary (loanedfrom Na’vi / Eng. word book)

LosÄntsyelesì: [lo."sæn.>tsjE.lE.sI] PF prop.n.

Los Angeles (loaned from Eng. Los Angeles)matsa: [ma.

>tsa] PF n. matsa, crackers (loaned

from Hebrew matsa)nìFranse: [nI."fRan.sE] PF adv. French (loaned

from French Français)nìToitsye: [nI."to.i.tsjE] PF adv. German (loa-

ned from German Deutsche)nìTsyungwen: [nI.">tsjuN.wEn] PF adv. Zhong-

wen (loaned from Mandarin ChineseZhongwen)

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Nìyu Yorkì: [ni.�ju "jor.kI] PF prop.n. New YorkPari: [pa.Ri] PF prop.n. Paris (loaned from

French Paris)paynäpll: ["paj.næ.pl

"] PF n. pineapple (loaned

from Eng. pineapple)päsketpol: [pæ.skEt.pol] PF n. basketball (loa-

ned from Eng. basketball)pätsì: ["pæ.

>tsI] PF n. badge (loaned from Eng.

badge)pensìl: ["pen.sIl] PF n. pencil (loaned from Eng.

pencil)pìlok: [pI."lok^] PF n. blog (loaned from Eng.

blog)postì: ["po.stI] PF n. (forum/blog) post (loaned

from Eng. post)Poston: ["po.ston] PF prop.n. Bostonpuk: [puk^] PF n. book (loaned from Eng. book)puktsyìp: ["puk.>tsjIp^] PF n. pamphlet, booklet

(derived from puk book)pxir: [p'iR] PF n. beer (loaned from German bi-

er)skxaypxe: ["sk'aj.p'E] PF n. Skype (loaned from

English Skype)Sweriye: [swERijE] PF prop.n. Sweden (loaned

from Swedish Sverige)tawsìp: ["taw.sIp^] PF n. sky-ship (loaned from

Eng. ship)

tìreyn: [tI."REjn] PF n. train (loaned from Eng.train)

Toitslan: ["to.i.>tslan] PF prop.n. Germany (loa-ned from German Deutschland)

Toitsye: ["to.i.>tsjE] PF adj. German (language)(loaned from German Deutsch)

toktor: ["tok.toR] PF n. doctor (loaned fromEng. doctor)

tsyänel: [">tsjæ.nEl] PF n. TV channel (loanedfrom Eng. channel)

tsyìräfì: [>tsjI.Ræ.fI] PF n. giraffe (loaned fromEng. giraffe)

tsyoklìt: [">tsjok.lIt^] PF n. chocolate (loanedfrom Eng. chocolate)

txolar: ["t'o.lar] PF n. dollar (loaned from Eng.dollar)

wep: [wEp^] LN n. web (as in world wide web,www) (loaned from Eng. web)

weptseng: ["wEp.>tsEN] LN n. website (loaned

from Eng. / Na’vi web place)wou: ["w·o.·u] PF svin. be amazing, fascinating

(slang) (loaned from Eng. whoa)Yeysu: [jEj.su] PF prop.n. Jesus (loaned from

Italian Jesu)Yuesey: [ju.E.sEj] PF prop.n. U.S.A. (loaned

from Eng. U.S.A.)

+

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D Flora and Fauna

Fauna

’angtsìk: ["PaN.>tsIk^] PF n. hammerheadeltungawng: ["El.tu.NawN] PF n. brainworm

(c.w. from eltu brain and ngawng worm)fkio: ["fki.o] PF n. tetrapteronfpxafaw: ["fp'a.faw] PF n. medusafwampop: ["fwam.pop^] PF n. tapirusfwäkì: ["fwæ.kI] PF n. mantisikran: ["ik.Ran] JC n. bansheeikranay: [ik.Ra."naj] JC,PF n. forest bansheeilu: ["i.lu] PF,D n. large plesiosaur-like sea crea-

ture (from Disney’s Pandora Guide to theFlora and Fauna of the Valley of Mo’ara)

kali’weya: [ka.liP.wE.ja] ASG n. species of poiso-nous arachnid

kenten: ["kEn.tEn] PF n. fan lizardlanay’ka: [la."najP.ka] PF,ASG n. slingermawup: ["ma.wup^] PF,CdS n. turtapedenantang: ["nan.taN] JC,PF n. viperwolf Canifer-

ratus costatus, striped armored wolf

nantangtsyìp: ["nan.taN.>tsJIp^] JC,PF n. dog(earth animal); lit. little nantang (derivedfrom nantang viperwolf )

pa’li: ["paP.li] PF n. direhorsepalulukan: [�pa.lu."lu.kan] JC n. thanator (col-

loquial [pa."lu.kan])palulukantsyìp: [�pa.lu."lu.kan.>tsjIp^] JC,PF n.

cat (earth animal); lit. little palulukan (deri-ved from palulukan thanator) (colloquial[pa."lu.kan.>tsjIp^])

riti: ["Ri.ti] JC n. stingbatsyaksyuk: [sjak."sjuk^] PF n. prolemuristalioang: ["tal.�i.o.aN] JC n. sturmbeest (derived

from ioang animal)teylu: ["tEj.lu] JC n. beetle larvatoruk: ["to.Ruk^] JC n. great leonopteryx, last sha-

dowtspìng: [>tspIN] PF,CdS n. austrapedeyerik: ["jE.Rik^] PF n. hexapedezize’: [zi."zEP] PF n. hellfire wasp

E The Changelog

Following is a brief record of the most recent revisions...

• 14.0 - Added 40 new words from naviteri.org, June 6, 2019 and several minor fixes (up-date by Tirea Aean)

• 13.9 - Many small fixes; Added all new vocabulary from language-updates forum, navi-teri.org August 31, 2018 and October 30, 2018

• 13.8 - Added vocabulary from naviteri.org, July 31, 2018, lesar si from 2012, fixed tons ofIPA (thanks Wllìm!)

• 13.71 - Added uolì’uvi from forever ago (thanks Tirea!)

• 13.7 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, March 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018

• 13.63 - Added kxì from naviteri.org, February 28, 20187

• 13.62 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, December 31, 2017

• 13.61 - Added Kate Winslet’s character Ronal to the proper nouns section

• 13.6 - Added new vocabulary from the October naviteri.org posts, new character names,linguistic terms

• 13.51 - Added Swota Wayä to proper nouns, from Disney

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• 13.5 - Added new vocabulary used in Disney’s Pandora - The World of Avatar

• 13.421 - Corrected inconsistencies in the source field.

• 13.42 - Minor typo corrections and fixed IPA for LosÄntsyelesì. Also added tìng ontuand tìng ftxi since they didn’t make it into the dictionary the first time, for some bizarrereason.

• 13.41 - Added mo’ara from Disney’s Pandora - The World of Avatar

• 13.4 - Added new Avatar lead character name and clan, Tomowari and Metkayina

• 13.332 - Disambiguated the definition of takuk. Also changed fmetok to vtr. Getting moreprecise all the time!

• 13.331 - Disambiguated the definition of pongu.

• 13.33 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, February 28, 2017.

• 13.32 - Moved Na’vi clan names to Proper Nouns block.

• 13.31 - Fixed silly typos for pllhrr and säpllhrr. Thanks elf!

• 13.301 - Typo/format corrections for several words. No visible changes to the .pdf

• 13.3 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2017.

• 13.294 - Corrected stress for nìolo’

• 13.293 - Corrected infix IPA for ue’

• 13.292 - zong changed to vtr. Thanks, Plumps!

• 13.291 - Various minor corrections suggested by Plumps and eejmensenikbenhet.

• 13.29 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, June 30, 2016. Some important new words inthis one.

• 13.284 - Corrected accent for lefpomtxok and kelfpomtokx Plumps. Wou!

• 13.283 - Corrected IPA for säplltxe and säplltxevi. Plumps again. ;)

• 13.282 - Added derivatives of nguway

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