the constitution
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The Constitution
Chapter 2
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Here’s What We’ll Cover…
•Structure of the Constitution•Main principles of government• Judicial Review (Marbury Case)•Amending the Constitution•You get to change the Constitution!
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Outline the Constitution
To get started…
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Structure of the Constitution• Preamble• Articles• 1: Congress• 2: Executive• 3: Judicial• 4: Relationship among
the states (same rights in each state)• 5: Supremacy clause
• Amendments
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Basic Constitutional Principles• Social Contract & Popular Sovereignty• Limited Government• Representative Government• Written Constitution• Separation of Powers• Checks & Balances• Federalism• Judicial Review
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Separation of Powers & Checks & Balances• Pessimism of writers: men
are NOT angels• These are RESTRAINTS of
power• Best check: elections• Separation prevents each
branches from getting TOO powerful• Disperse the power!• What if one branch
ENCROACHES on the other?• A: Checks and balances!• Each branch has SOME
authority over the others
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That’s the good, what’s the bad?
•Political parties (can unify, can divide)•Partisanship•Divided Government (Congress usually watches the President very carefully)
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Judicial Review• We give this special consideration because it gives the
Judicial Branch the FINAL WORD on the Constitution• Judges = Guardians of the Constitution (THEY give it
meaning)—can they be wrong?• Laws passed by Congress or state laws that involve the US
Constitution are subject to REVIEW by the Supreme Court (must bring a case)
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The Amendment Process
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109th Congress Proposed Amendments
• To ensure reproductive rights of women
• To force the Congress and President to agree to a balanced budget, with overspending allowed only in the case of a three-fifths vote of Congress
• To ensure that all children who are citizens have a right to a "free and adequate education"
• To specifically permit prayer at school meetings and ceremonies
• To allow non-natural born citizens to become President if they have been a citizen for 20 years
• To specifically allow Congress to regulate the amount of personal funds a candidate to public office can expend in a campaign
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More Proposed Amendments• The "Every Vote Counts" Amendment -
providing for direct election of the President and Vice President, abolishing the Electoral College• To clarify eminent domain, specifically that no
takings can be transferred to a private person except for transportation projects• To allow the President to reduce any
Congressional appropriation, or to disapprove of same (akin to a line-item veto)