the constitutional convention a.convention in philly to discuss ways to improve articles of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Constitutional Convention
A. Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation
1. Held at Independence Hall
Same building where Americans had officially declared independece
![Page 2: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Constitutional Convention
B. 55 delegates attend 1. All states except Rhode Island
represented
2. Ben Franklin oldest delegate
![Page 3: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Constitutional Convention
3. James Madison most important delegate
4. George Washington elected president of convention
![Page 4: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Constitutional Convention
5. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson cannot attend – serving as ambassadors overseas
![Page 5: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Constitutional Convention
6. No women, African Americans or American Indians
![Page 6: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Great Compromise
A. Several issues divide delegates at
convention
1. Small and large states have different concerns
![Page 7: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Great Compromise
2. States have different views on slavery
What states would have been for slavery?
![Page 8: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Great Compromise
3. Tariffs (taxes on imports/exports) divide northerners and
southerners
![Page 9: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Great CompromiseB. The Virginia Plan – new federal
constitution that gave sovereignty,or supreme power, to central government
1. Written by James Madison
2. Also known as the large-state plan
![Page 10: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Great Compromise
3. Plan divides government into 3 branches:
a. legislative – make laws
b. executive – enforce laws
c. judicial – court systems
![Page 11: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Great Compromise
![Page 12: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Great Compromise 4. Representatives chosen on basis of
state populations
a. Larger states = more reps than smaller states
5. Smaller states do not like Va. Plan
![Page 13: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Great Compromise
C. The New Jersey Plan – “Congress shall be supreme law of the
states”1. Written by James Patterson
2. Called the small-state plan
![Page 14: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Great Compromise
3. All states have an equal number of votes
a. Gives smaller states equal voice
![Page 15: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Great Compromise
4. Central government can tax citizens in all states
5. Government can regulate commerce (trade)
![Page 16: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Great Compromise
6. Larger states do not like NJ Plan
They think it gives smaller states too much of an influence
![Page 17: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
D. The delegates are unable to agree
The Great Compromise
![Page 18: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Great Compromise
E. The Great Compromise
1. Every state, regardless of size, has an equal vote in the upper house
(Senate)
a. This satisfies small states
![Page 19: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Great Compromise
2. Each state has number of reps based on its population in lower house (House of
Representatives)
a. This satisfies larger states
![Page 20: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Great Compromise
3. Great Compromise passes but still problems to settle
![Page 21: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Three-Fifths CompromiseA. Regions disagree over slaves
1. South wants slaves to be included in state populations
a. Means more representatives
![Page 22: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise2. North wants slaves to count for
taxes but not representation
![Page 23: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise“The admission of slaves into the Representation…
comes to this: that that the inhabitant of a state who goes to the coast of Africa and … tears away his fellow creatures from their dearest connections and damns them to the most cruel bondage (slavery), shall have more votes in a Government established for the protection of the rights of mankind.”
~Governor Morris
Was Governor Morris for or against slavery?
![Page 24: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise
B. Three-Fifths Compromise accepted1. each slave counts as three-fifths of a
person
3/5
![Page 25: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise
![Page 26: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Three-Fifths CompromiseC. Foreign slave trade is major issue
1. Some want federal government to end slave trade
![Page 27: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise
2. Southern states say they depend on slavery
a. Southern states threaten to leave Union if slavery
ended
“The people of these states will never be such fools as to give up so important an interest.”
![Page 28: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise3. Another Compromise
a. North will wait 20 years before trying to end slave trade
b. South will stop insisting laws be passed with 2/3 majority
vote
![Page 29: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise
“The morality or wisdom of slavery…are considerations belonging to the states themselves.”
~ Oliver Ellsworth
![Page 30: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Our Living Constitution
A. Strong national government wanted1. popular sovereignty – political authority belongs to the people
2. federalism – sharing of power between a central government and the states that make up a country
![Page 31: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Our Living Constitution3. States must obey authority of federal
government
a. federal govern can use military power to enforce
laws
![Page 32: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Our Living Constitution 4. States have powers over
functions not assigned by federal government
a. education
b. local govern
c. welfare of citizens
![Page 33: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A Delicate Balance
A. Federal govern. is made of 3 branches to balance power
1. legislative – proposing/passing laws
![Page 34: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A Delicate Balancea. Legislative branched divided into 2 houses
1. Senate (upper house)– 2 members/state
2. House of Representatives (the lower house)- number of reps depends on
population
![Page 35: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
A Delicate Balance2. Executive branch – makes sure
laws are carried out
a. Includes the President
![Page 36: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
A Delicate Balance3. Judicial branch – interpreting laws,
punishing criminals, and settling disputes between states
a. Made up of courts
![Page 37: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
A Delicate BalanceB. Checks and Balances – system prevents
any 1 branch of govern from becoming too powerful
![Page 38: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
A Delicate Balancea. Congress can propose law
b. President can reject law
c. Congress can override President with 2/3 majority vote
d. Judicial branch reviews laws passed by Congress and can declare unconstitutional
![Page 39: The Constitutional Convention A.Convention in Philly to discuss ways to improve Articles of Confederation 1. Held at Independence Hall Same building where](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc45503460f94ab6db5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A Delicate Balance
C. Constitution not a perfect document1. It did create strong govern
2. Protected ideas of republicanism
3. Signed September 1787