the construction of iron ships
TRANSCRIPT
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port~.~ ~ar~ of t~e str~c~nreo
~W2:]~e+eo howeveP+ +++av [~,e +P..,+medL a~ E-m+...e'++ +[re ~the +~+<~++ ~++e,.p.mf+,~¢t~+er a+
¢+~ t !m +hip+bn[~de+~ ~inee i¢ i++ ~ow -~+~++ib!e ++,-+ obea~4rr: wh~+t we+.+ befb+-+~ hnposmib~e+ marne[y, mt~,ter[a] o4 + +'4t+tr+s+: ++r+~3 ,+ +{+me.+amio+ts+ P l m g e s r~ow
go oe.. t,b.e s}.P,[p .'.,+,f qr~+,dr'.:~p[e their ' Bmrrr.:er wise+, g~v[ng ~, be~¢m: ° ~r+
ea+~geme~t -e.g butts~ a n d ~.+.. red~m~l+'+~ u f ¢~+tenl~tgs, a r id ~[.toug}+~ ~he
k e r [ m i l l y ' ~ .the or~g[na+ prL+~e:+,ple d : sh ip ,-~o~+t++++i~t,~o~+ rema, m~o [m ..
~r+Jved ma ,ehb~ery h~s ++,dSe+l i+,~s qt+m't<~S~,,. +~+d +".'~aS g+¢e~+4ffy aide,'+ i~ hrir.,g.+
.++.ng t h e .':..reef s~[p ++f to++{++y +o [t+~ +mdv~+++..~ee+i +os[+i-'.>+t+ In review[~_~g the+ ir~r.:.,, sh ip ~s ,'..':~o'+ b~ii1:, we fin8 ]-er k.ee] n:~ m+~sf:
++~ a ] : t}00 + +o+- sh ip . T h e s e b++m+~ a r e ~+++-+~+Mt,y eem++ae.Sed by se,:++pb+,+
il++ ]eu~d+ +fie.,: du~es the +h+ok+.+c++,, .+++ +..:he ke++], ++ru~ ++re r+t~,+et+ee,+[ t,~>.
g e r b e r h,}, [ h r e e +,'+ +imr sm:++~]i r,v.~q+,~, H : h t h '~++mld b r e a k w e r e ...++be ],'ee[
+~sve~_+ -:~+~rt}adly s~spewle ({ a u d ~ts ,~,+++ight d[-~w~ed t++ t'+st, ¢[++e~m Th[~ i[~.et ;~t~~ws w~,ft~vorabLy {he v+~+~J+,t+.,: ++r ++ g(~[{,!][ bae ke.ql strr;,t'...gg i]n~ 1++
+~¢eo.,>d+~nce wit, h t,rw a n g h [%r~r~ed+ i:~,.y f'++ai~n~0 4rid k e e l 'Ye+< tt is
~++[~e][+~[++eHe[]., }f' eO~iF+{] ;. [iL+'t ~,f+ We- +,~c+{ +[~{e +++Ft!+l~+]"+'+. DIll+ (F~ i t ~+i?]l]+{J+
++a~+p]'h, iv is +[kv ~+ +~ou'b}e pb+te wit,++ ]t~ {>.art++ shi~St++d +m~y 9.If+
+a[ stre++g..th it ++++Pt>u]d! t ~Lk e r..reeedieF+ec +~-e.:' ..+.!he b+~or, as th+e b~t.ts ooi,dd
be el ][ft, ed at. i e a s t ei~'-e > o r ~+F,a~rt. +~nd +pp,r:rtui~%ig2~, aff:~rde,~ oil e~+~,n-.,
:~eodr.,g h w[tih., oe:~v.,'e ]keels,'m
W,: :~,ppr+.~+~i~,ve ,the +,+~.dkva+~t~ges :~ +++h{}:+ d.er}ves f r o m ~+ keeL+ >~+t die
m~:_+s mqpp+e+++ate th i s mu,:rn,+~+ge,+++.e~++ H:fiE+ ++ {+tti+ m a r e ~h..~,+:..' ff~xe sore+
+f ]p+~.dd>g or m>.s+HM w+t]i~omt +n~;+eeh+>n{o~m,} +p}F, bcs+iomo T h e r e :~t+e osho:..': ]+r...~ro"ee,,l de'.-~e~']pt~o:r~s c+f' }<eel ~+Aopted, b~ t th~.~ ,~.*~L~
dem++rib e d is tJ"e o~ e ~ ~+. ge~c'.::Z ++lpT>]{ i~.~++ <[.-o :;'., >+:[~:e~ oe :d ra ,g o f w+',, t e r pe ~m its.+
mh.o f r a m e < as pa.s~ send preser.:~" p~'a.e:e,~ee ~se thegn,, ure of ++ngte ~,"o+,';~ i:n +~eeor&-nee .,vb~., ~z( , c+iF sh[l[ b +,,,He ~-,u~ +~.mross the kee l :at ~{+,b+.
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pie, me e f gre~.r.~ ~<r,r~+.-.._~Gt~. ?2)~e weake~5~g had gone o~ by degvee~, ai~ ~he bar waa alpe~]cd[ ~,.~- bev.e)!ud m).:~di t}]e ire:~ fi:~qly gave g'a/y- A ,%peeime~ of b.e,~re[ied iro~..,~ t'~us ~ip~)h wa.~: here exMbi~ed by the spuaker d, .'[~ woa)d ge in;¢r+'stii~g i;u kim:r~,~; ))~ow marj, Framer+ i~ th~,~ pre~ea~ : t e a
ei~ips ~fl[oa~ ~.~-e~re im.<, cn~ t}~,.- pe4~i4 eI spi)i~ti~,g op,+,~r~ whet the work-
~aat, ter ef grie# go ,, t,r'w~ meeM~ic: s~, .~ee ma:wriad nbased ~n,'i a hardship re be er.~m[jel]ed ~.~ put ir{~a ir,~e, a s)-i~, ~hiet~ be krmws r,e be: cuine,'.], i f t)).~+! mal:eria) is ~'~:i givi~~g prop~,~r*ionai ~re~ggt~ %r
o~" eha:r~ge yo~arsdif i:r yea e . r ' r .A, i~',~:,
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b r e , - i Q ~ . ~,==r~,] fr~;>:~ le~! u~" II."~,.~ ; m , ' s i;',:r d( p t h .
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G ~ being floor a~rw] kee]~o~ D~. o+~< ~.~-~vi~g we[gh~ ~.ad h~vmg r~ ,eqt+~i]y ~p~ced ~h+_.+°e~ngemen~ cf :['++ste+;Angs, i~s+ead o f ~ e ]~s te r el;
' ~ s~em~gso T h e mhld.le }i'_...'~e kee/~o+t~ ~ se.me~.imes, f~ rmed as a be, x , a~ c ~ e r +Jmes w~r~ed :.mte,.veostoa.iD be~weev,, +he goora, w}~[eh gives a
~o+~e compae~ a r r a n g e men t+ T]~{s i:s:..'~ereos~al arra+~gemer...~ }s L+.-:Saa]]y + ~ p p l e m e ~ e d b y b e i u g e x t e n d e d a b'.we tL-e floors, e:-.~.her ]~ fi~e form
o f mL4d]e ~b:~e keelso~.~ a~s 3..esesibed+ or .eat off at, a leve l e~ + ].owe~
a~+g~e i r ons o~ +op of floors+ ArotL:.~er Ibrm of co,at, re keeaso~ L, tha4
k~,ow,~ ~s "+++ ee~V:e t h ro u g h p la te keel ~'~d keetso.+..~, wh+oh {s a: deep, eo~t, inuo~,~ pla..-+.+.++e~ havb~g t},+,{ goofs cg¢ a+ ce~ t r e us a~low it. {e, r [ ~ t~ ~}i{ :
fore and af+t+ T h e r e a.re do~b}e a ~ g i e ir+~+s a¢ bo~t.om rm.mh~g Gu+e
an{] Mt : aga{n simi]a,, + ones arc- fi<~ed oa~ +~. horizo~+ta] p.+.a~.e, e~r.~ ,.'.op ~{°
vhe meditm~ ~g horizo_uta] ph~;es., A .++~gL+.er ,uo~e.ec'~w+~ bev~+ee~
tha+t tl~e who!e ::+s e~}_e~en~Jy be+m:~d ~.og.evt+er+ T}+is s~;re~g~]~. D+~ how+, ever , +,,,A+ e:,++{ire}v V+v ,+'+*:~+; . . . . } we+ght:, :t++ +no<~++eo: ~s
++adimat mmPe++g+h ob~,n[+v,+d by +dL The o the r keel+or+8 :,.+a the she+++ +~+cL'.., am aid e iw:ere.os++.+.,~ kee~so+~,., , i; h,a]f flour+ ~u-+e eowp-ose4 of {~ la te ~'~ d ~+ +..'>
glee+ ruw:nr+,g. [~>re aL+>'] :-'.:fL L o w e r a+++.+.t uppe+ lfiJg<e keeiso:~,,+ a ~+ {+ L ~ 'O +e ~+ + +' e ~
~{.,'p o[ rio,n +, r e d +~,Le+:, e×~.'.nd [ore a+~d ~tf~. [ wish {++ 4is~i~Jeg]v ,~e,i:~ '...:ha{
+e ubtai~ ~u~ g[:..'.'ad{~a! sO~'m~.,~N+h .~De ..++:+'e~e:0,¢h :++:.'o,~.~; eeq+++ti~'ed, ,.)w}+ag :to: ieng~l'+, be:b~g g r e a t e r gh~e+t brvad:t.h ~m.~l det~t}++ t.~e p+'e+m~ s+?e~tee+~ 0[ ~;h+p .:
buihii:r}g +++ +:o f irst w+,ake> c++u .+.~h+v+ ~+.,.++++-e+:+:<hth a++ gue+:i~m e!F' ea+.A~ rr+ter+e
:l.;..m+(l O+qe++%~J.i'L}~ m,~ 8t+OL+OII ,'+° e++(:2+ {.',+i +<Pie++([+ iiQt+k+t+g }l:+'... +l.+ ti+e a;i+ii++.a
~h~o ~>,~re r ghI a t lb~;se ,+e'+,~<-: e.:+u{ Ib~,blc io r e c e i v e ~ ~:~tt'-6~}I there+ .A_I.,
vet s}'e is we~.'.k<,~+ed. ~.uveeal u'~+ts of' V:r~atevha, l, ~ t.im sIu+q~e o~ ke¢isons,
i 'a ++ 1000 +o+J-u ship, DuiiI+ e++ [[i:~' w;u++ve:r+e aye+era el' framiP~g+ +he:
~eegi<ma,i area o{ she.'."~ p[~,...:~....'~g +u: ~n4d~<}~,ip s;-,cd++~ eqtaals 640: sr++aar,e:
im&e~+ wh}e}:, is :re&~eed aJc..+n:ti: on.eG~ra:e&,r h~ way of bulkh~,+a, ds, b y
g, Ul+Chit~g .+,he D a m e a.]~ ro t ; rod l:e m.a~i.ke } u+.tkhe+,.,.l +..++.~,~ee~igh{; ; :il'...i~+ :re.
di~et, i:m. eq,~a}s 1C0 s<fe~a,.+'e hu.+du.+>;. Ne~w+ ~o keep ++ap the m":-,gi.~,ai
8$).+SiIgJ]Jl+ +~e O11g~U+ +-~.'- m a k e u+++ ;e,e d[efieh+ncy of ]gO +qi+,+a+'e {+nohss which is F..,amoI.~ed a w a y , a,n:+~. ~4so gi~,.-~ :L+.~ e x e r t s ~o st+.:+e,+~ge:it~e~ +,he, .,ahlp ]o~gi~+uid.[+..+~+]: a.,~ she is weakest: !~+~i ih+~o¢ 4['eeclio~t~+ WI~at is ++.b.~
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ba.~]e :~:dd'.: v{gm. ~ L',,a~ !['os ~;]~em '~o ] ' H u g ~dscm~ a, ohae...,nge ]s dlf~cff l%
[c,~ ~he regls~>es . , scrp,m~}~; like., .,'~ve ,".;,deal ~xmnd ~,nd~ rotund ~h,~ }}r[¢bd::~
ship,. Sh,, 'm:..,:..st h~,...v{~ n c[w,r~.,c~.~-r, ~ce,,}rdingi3;" m,¢~s'i~ be !b'.:~J]~ ~m ~o~][e ;
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[}[ V[~I:}: [eJ] a], S]{]e[ ~ ~ g{}][ ' ]~ } ] a~I [e , , '{'~ ~ [ ] Oil [ [:] .>~ :'[ f '[ [-"[ ]~ ',[ ~ [j[ i [ e [~:}][ }[ g '{ > C{}]][ '['~ [~ [~I[: [} e[ ]J[I *[] S
wlgh the s ide° ,:..'.s iJhe s~>b-ger p]~,tv {~,~ "{~w,c {rod, 'b) s h y e r ~tga{:,C~' h3~' ~, cor~i~n~n,us g ~ e i eon v n m ~ d ~]~e ~gnH~Pecn{e :: n ~ u e h ~ g g e i n d o n ]:~a~ c,f lug,u,
g}mi. the b c a r ~ s az 'e ~.~i .:.m~-oe.~t'iv <~!:~n~{e~!ie,d. t,t} Chc s h [ e , ;>ei ])y gJ[i, ed*::
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