the construction of the gsc2.2 catalog
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Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002. The construction of the GSC2.2 Catalog. Mario G. Lattanzi Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
The construction of the GSC2.2 Catalog
Mario G. Lattanzi
Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Basic Facts
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
After seven years of hard work, dedication, andunabated faith of more than 25 scientists in theUSA and Europe, the Space Telescope ScienceInstitute and the Osservatorio Astronomico di
Torino have released an all-sky magnitude-limitedsubset of the GSC-II Data Base.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
GSC2.2.01 exported from the COMPASS Data Base
Page = Federated Database
= Database
= Container
= Class/Basic Object
Region Database
SourceIndex
RegionCatalogContainers
(for each plate definedarea within region)
ReferenceCatalogSource (for each reference catalog)
Plate Database
(for each plate)
[ COMPASS Federated Database ]
(for each of 32768 regions)
PlateSource
RegionInfoContainer PlateInfoContainer
Approximately 1 Billion distinct objects found to date
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
The GSC-II Data Base (called COMPASS) lists998,402,801 unique entries, i.e., all of the objects found
down to the faintest objects measurable on thephotographic glass plates. Each object (entry) listedfeatures at least 3 magnitudes and several positionstaken at different epochs for a total amount of datanearing 4 Tera-bytes (i.e., 4000 billions of bytes). Atthese levels, the GSC-II is the largest map of the skyever built, a 500-fold increase in information over its
predecessor GSC-I…Quite a beginning for catalogastronomy in the new millenium!
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
The version of the GSC II released, named GSC2.2, containspositions, classifications, and magnitudes in two bandpasses for435,457,355 objects. The GC2.2 is used to support operations ofground-based (GEMINI and VLT) and space-borne (HST, XMM)telescopes, and is accessible to the scientific community and thegeneral public via the World Wide Web.
It is based on 1” resolution scans of the second generationphotographic sky survey plates from the Palomar and UK Schmidttelescopes in F and J bandpasses (the Digitized Sky Survey 2).The magnitude limits are 18.5 in the F-red band and 19.5 in theJ -blue band, the astrometric and photometric errors are ~ 0.3”and 0.2 mag, respectively.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Single-plate calibrations
•Astrometry: polynomial fits + residual maps (mask) to
TYCHO2 stars (onto the ICRS reference system) [>Smart]
•Photometry: fits to a (B)VR CCD sequences to 18-19 mag
(GSPC2) transformed to natural bandpasses (J and F)
[GSPC2>Bucciarelli]
•Classification: 30 ranked features + oblique decision trees
+ voting [>Smart]
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Single-plate photometric calibrations
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Intensity
Sky background
Intensity
DensitySaturation
Photographic
Density
Sky background
Stellar PSF
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Intensity
Sky background
Intensity
DensitySaturation
Photographic
Density
Integrated density above threshold
Sky background
GSC-II photometric parameter =
Integrated photographic density
above threshold (Dsky + 3 sky )
Stellar PSF
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Examples of saturated stellar PSF’s
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Tycho stars
GSPC2 stars
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
GSC2.2 Photographic photometry: bandpasses
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
GSC2.2 Photographic photometry: transformation to plate natural bands
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Photographic photometry
Photometric system of GSC-II
Band Survey Emulsion+Filter Lambda_eff FWHM (Angstrom)J385 POSS-II J DEC>0 IIIaJ+GG385 4660 1095F610 POSS-II F > 0 IIIaF+RG610 6540 580I9 POSS-II N > 0 IV-N+RG9 8060 1100J395 SERC J DEC<0 IIIaJ+GG395 4635 1080F590 SES F < 0 IIIaF+OG590 6450 720I715 UKST IR <0 IV-N+RG715 8020 1170
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
The Catalog
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Catalog extraction rules
•Only plates included in the GSC2.2 plate list considered (POSS II: 897 XJxxx + 897 XFxxx fields; 606 SERC-J, Sxxx, 216 SERC-EJ, Erxxx, and the red material, XSxxx and GRxxx, short exp., plates)
•Objects brighter than: J<19.5 OR F<18.5
•Objects classed as defect on only one plate discarded
•Astrometry: export the position of that entry of a given object closest to the entry’s plate center (tolerance set to 0.25 deg). Brake ties by selecting entry with the most recent epoch
•Photometry: for each bandpass, take the value of the entry closest to the plate center
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
A view of the GSC2.2.01
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
GSC 2.2.01 Global counts
Hemisphere No. of stars No. of objectsNorth (0 ) 75,300,243 175,255,067South (<0 ) 104,085,736 280,596,171Total 179,385,978 455,851,238
Galactic coordinates No. of objects No. of starsLow Latitudes (b<20 ) 356,425,331 118,556,811High latitudes (b20 ) 99,425,907 60,829,167Total 455,851,238 179,385,978
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
The GSC2 Export Catalog: specifications
•Positions: <0.”5 absolute (average across one plate); better than 0.”2 relative (over a 0.5 deg field); 0.”15 rms deviation from ICRS (average over all plates)
•Magnitudes: precision to better than 0.2 mag for stars between 12 and 18
mag; accuracy <0.15 mag
•Classification: 95% accuracy within 2 mag from plate limit
•Completeness: V=18 minimum
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Global Error Analysis
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric errors
External Comparisons to:
•UCAC1
Sky coverage: Southern hemisphere (-90 deg/-15 deg)
Mag limit = 16.0, precision: better than 0.1 arcsec per coordinate)
•2MASS
Approaching all-sky coverage. Mag limit close to that of GSC2.2; position to 0.2 arcsec (per coordinate)
Internal comparisons: on average relative error well within the 0.2 arcsec requirement.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Method:
• Statistical tests on the residuals (also called catalog-to-catalog differences)>>>
d=(GSC2.2.01 - external catalog).
Ex.: a realization of the statistic d could be declination differences >> {di = DECi,gsc2 - DECi,ext.cat. }
• The hypothesis put to test is that the residuals follow (within the chosen confidence level) the expected distribution: if the values from the two catalogs are Gaussian distributed >> d is also Gaussian distributed.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
TWO TESTS: Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Sample mean and variance are computed before the application of the tests. Outliers are eliminated from the sample to avoid biased
values.
Chi-square: need to group data to form histogram >> depends on number of bins.
Chi-sq statistic
,0
202
i
i
ii
np
npn
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
where ni is the number of differences in bin i-th, and
2
2
2
2
0 ,}2
exp{2
1x
d
xd
i
i
i
dss
p
the integral is evaluated using the error function.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
K-S Test: do not need to group data (> reliable even with small samples)
K-S statistic
,)()(max xFxSD nn
where
x xerf
dss
XF2
)(5.0}
2exp{
2
1)(
2
2
Xx
xxxnr
xx
xS
n
rrn
)(
)1()(
)1(
1
/
0
)( and
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Confidence levels set to 95% for both tests: from the distributions of the Chi-square and K-S statistics we calculate the quantiles (the values) for which the probabilities of the two statistics to be above those values are 0.05.
Finally, if the values of 2 and Dn calculated from the samples are smaller than the quantiles the tests are satisfied with the 95% confidence level.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric Error (external): UCAC1
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric Error (external): UCAC1, Chi2 and K-S tests(Large sample, no mag and no plate-based selection)
Both tests fail!….But,…..
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric Error (external): UCAC1 , Chi2 and K-S tests(Selected sample, mag range 16-16.5, no plate-based selection)
K-S tests passed, and Chi2 also well behaved!!
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric Error (external): 2MASS
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric Error (external): 2MASS , Chi2 and K-S tests(Large sample, no mag and no plate-based selection)
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Astrometric Error (external): Conclusions
Overall, the residuals appear well behaved, although simple statistical tests fail.
As expected, this indicates the presence of magnitude and plate-based effects. Indeed, the same tests are consistently passed when limited to small magnitude bins or residuals from the same plate. This, in turn, is further proof that the single plate calibrations do obey gaussian statistics.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Photometric Errors
•Internal Tests: J, F plate-to-plate, J-F=const
• Semi-internal tests: J, F GSC2 vs. GSCPC2
• External tests: against photometric catalogs (M67, DMS, EIS,
etc.)
• Comparisons against starcounts from Galaxy models
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Photometric Errors: internal test
Residuals: JXJ443 - JXJ444 vs. J (red crosses)
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Internal photometric errors: plate-to-plate comparison statistics
RMS(m)=0.27 / 2 mag from the analysis of stellar objects from 67 GSC-II (CRA) plates by Pannunzio, Morbidelli et al. (2001, OATo Rept. 57/01). This is an upper limit for GSC 2.2 because it is based on all stars down to the plate limits.
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Photometric Errors - Semi-Internal Test: GSC2.2 vs. GSPC2
n.ro (red)objects
F(mag)
RMS[F](mag)
n.ro (blue)objects
J(mag)
RMS[J](mag)
Stars 8298 +0.002 0.089 7080 -0.035 0.099
Multiple-stars 451 -0.013 0.123 423 -0.023 0.166
Non-stars 1877 -0.262 0.275 1360 -0.403 0.394
All objects 9788 -0.018 0.114 8050 -0.020 0.123
n.ro (red)objects
F(mag)
RMS[F](mag)
n.ro (blue)objects
J(mag)
RMS[J](mag)
Stars 12874 +0.042 0.109 11869 +0.035 0.125
Multiple-stars 3495 +0.046 0.167 3323 +0.063 0.191
Non-stars 19926 -0.071 0.199 14119 -0.083 0.218
All objects 32365 -0.020 0.168 25692 -0.019 0.181
GSCP2 vs. GSC2.2: >0°, b>30° (low crowding)
GSCP2 vs. GSC2.2: >0°, -15 ° <b<+15° (galactic plane)(Spagna)
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Photometric Errors - Semi-Internal Test: GSC2.2 vs. GSPC2
GSCP2 vs. GSC2.2 (>0° b>30° ) - Stellar objects only
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Photometry. External Test: M67 (l=216°, b=+32°)
CCD data (0.5° x 0.5°) from Montgomery et al. (1993, AJ, 106, 181)
All objects
J = -0.07 RMS=0.11
F = -0.01 RMS=0.13
Stars only
J = -0.06 RMS=0.10
F = 0.00 RMS=0.10
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
External Test: GSC2.2 vs. DMS
CCD data (0.83 sq-deg in six fields) from DMS (Deep Multicolor Survey; Osmer et al, 1998, ApJS, 119, 189)
Stellar objects
All objects
J = -0.06 RMS=0.10
F = +0.01 RMS=0.17
Stars only
J = -0.05 RMS=0.09
F = 0.02 RMS=0.15
(Spagna)
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Classification Errors
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Classification Errors
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Classification Errors
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Classification Errors
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Classification Errors
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Catalog Completeness (1/4)
All stars, J mag
Jcompl = 17.3
Toward the galactic center (l,b~0.5 deg)
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Catalog Completeness
galactic center (l,b~0.5 deg)
All stars, F mag
Fcompl = 15.8
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Catalog Completeness
galactic center (l,b~0.5 deg)
All obj.s, J mag
Jcompl = 18.4
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Catalog Completeness
galactic center (l,b~0.5 deg)
All obj.s, F mag
Fcompl = 18.0
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Comparison to SDSS
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
Contributions for this presentation from:
B. Bucciarelli
R. Drimmel
R. Smart
A. Spagna
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002
THE END
Seminars on formation and evolution of the Galaxy Feb 12, 2002