the contact process & making sulphuric acid h 2 so 4
TRANSCRIPT
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The Contact Process &
Making Sulphuric acidH2SO
4
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
![Page 3: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
![Page 4: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
• more sulphuric acid made than any other compound
![Page 5: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
• more sulphuric acid made than any other compound
• fertilisers, paints and pigments, detergents, car batteries, laboratory acid
![Page 6: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
![Page 7: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
H2O Air Sulphur
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulphur
Step 1: Formation of SO2
either S + O2 SO2
or 2ZnS + 3O2 2SO2 + 2ZnO
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulphur
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3 ΔH = -197 kJ
mol – 1
exothermic
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulphur
Step 3: Formation of Oleum
SO3 + conc H2SO4 H2S2O7
[the direct combination of SO3 with water is too exothermic and forms a fine mist of acid]
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulphur
Step 4: Dilution of Oleum
H2O + H2S2O7 2H2SO4
the oleum is diluted to give the desired concentration of sulphuric acid
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulphur
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermicLet’s look at this equilibrium more closely….
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
Factors:• CatalystCatalyst
• TemperatureTemperature
• PressurePressure
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
• TemperatureTemperature
• PressurePressure
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
• Temperature Temperature 450450ooCC
• PressurePressure
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
• Temperature Temperature 450450ooCC
• Pressure Pressure 1-2 atmospheres1-2 atmospheres
***These are compromise conditions***
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
***These are compromise conditions***
• The catalyst works best as the temperature increases• Provides an alternative path with a lower Eact
• Speeds up time taken to achieve equilibrium• Several catalyst beds used to achieve high yield
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Temperature Temperature 450450ooCC
***These are compromise conditions***
• The yield of SO3 increases as T is decreasedHowever •Catalyst does not work if T is too low• Rate of attainment of equilibrium is slow if T is too low
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Sulphuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Pressure Pressure 1-2 atmospheres1-2 atmospheres
***These are compromise conditions***
• The yield of SO3 increases as P is increased• High pressure is costly £££
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Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
![Page 21: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
Dehydrating agent
Viscous liquid
![Page 22: The Contact Process & Making Sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8917/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sulphuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
Dehydrating agent
Viscous liquidViscous liquid
Conc H2SO4 will dehydrate hydrated copper sulphateand carbohydrates (e.g. sugar)