the correlational method review ap psychology ch. 1 thinking critically
TRANSCRIPT
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The Correlational MethodReview
AP Psychology
Ch. 1 Thinking Critically
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Defining a Correlation
• Two variables which vary together in some orderly fashion
• Relationship can be described as:–Positive–Negative–Zero
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Positive Correlation
• When two variables are positively correlated, you will see one variable increase as the other increases.
• Positive does not mean good!
• See Scatter Diagram (page B-8)
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Negative Correlation
• When there is a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the other will decrease
• Negative does not mean bad! • Example of negative scatter plot
on B-8
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Zero Correlation
• No relationship exists between the two measures or variables
• See graph in B-8
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Coefficient of Correlation
• Can be expressed as a number:
• Close to zero-relationship is weak
• +1.00 perfect positive
• -1.00 perfect negative
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Correlation Vs. Causation
• Just because a relationship exists between two variables, this does NOT indicate cause and effect
• Always look for a third variable!
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Examples of Correlations Label as positive or negative…
• Children who view violent TV programs will exhibit more violent behaviors
• Individuals who exercise will achieve a loss of weight.
• Workers who are given a coffee break will increase their productivity.
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Examples of Correlations
• Children who receive the flu vaccine are less likely to suffer from the flu.
• Children who listen to rock or rap music are more likely to get into trouble.
• Patients given Advil find relieve from migraine headaches.