; THE COUNCIL FORNORTHEAST mSTORICAL

ARCHAEOLOGY1984

Annual MeetingOctober 19, 20, & 21

State University of New York at BinghamtonBinghamton, New York

.. II. LA_

COUNCIL FOR NORTHEAST HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGYANNUAL MEETING 1984. at

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BINGHAMTON

Friday. October 19:

6:00 - 9:00 p.m.

7:00 - 9:00 p.m.

9:00 - 11:00 p.m.

Saturday, October 20:

8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.

8:30 - 9:00 a.m.

9:00 - 9:10 a.m.

9:10 a.m.

9:30 a.m.

9:50 a.m.

10:10 a.m.

10:30 a.m.

10:50 a.m.

Evening sessions only

Executive Board Meeting, SUNY campusScience 1 Rm 143

Registration and reception - Roberson Center30 Front St .• Binghamton New York.

Oral History Workshop - Roberson Center.MTChelle Morrison organizer.

All papers wi 11 be presented at the SUNYcampus University Union room 133.

Registration in University Union Rm. 101.Book room in UU 104.

Ann ualB usin essmee tin g. Un i ve r s i ty Un ionRm 133.

Introduction University Union Rm 133.

Preliminary Report on the Fieldwork at 60Wall Street. Edward Rutsch and LeonardBianchi (Historic Conservation and Inter­pre ta t; 0 n Inc.)

Deep Holes and High Finance on WallStreet: Archaeological Investigations ofthe Barclays Bank Site, Manhattan.Herbert Bertra. and Terry Klein {louisBerger and Associates}.

The Relationship of Archaeological Sitesto Historically documented Sites. RobertD. Kuhn (SUNY Albany).

COFFEE BREAK

Cul ture Contact, Change and Capital ism:Silver in the Fur Trade. M.J. Bec~er

(Westchester University).

A Survey of a Wreck Site at Hartis Cove,New Castle, N.H .. David C. Switzer(Plymouth State College).

HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF CAPITALISM

Randall H. McGuire (SUNY Binghamtonl­Introduction

Robert Paynter (U. Mass. Amherst) -Models of Technological Change in Historical Archaeology.

Kathleen BiddicK lNortre Dame) -A View From the 13th Century on the Origins of Capital ism.

Marley Brown (Colonial Williamsburg) -Capitalism and the Rise of Inequality in 18th Century VirginiaAn Archaeological Perspective from Colonial Williamsberg.

Russel Handsman (American Indian Archaeological Institute) ­Mercantilism, Early Capitalism, and the HistoricalArchaeology of Child Rearing.

Nan Rothschild (Banard College) -The Reflection of Urbanization in Faunal Remains.

William Rathje (Univ. of Arizona) -Super Consumers: Capitalists and Cancer.

Mark Leone (Univ. of ~aryland) ­Discussant

Daniel J. Walkowitz (New York University) ­Discussant

11:10 a.m.

11:30 a.m.

12:00

1:20 p.m.

1:40 p.m.

2:00 p.m.

2:20 p.m.

2:40 - 5:40 p.m.

6:00 p.m.

After the Loyalists: The Archaeology ofPre-Confederation Kinston. W.B. Stewart(Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation).

Industrial ization and Ideology in the 19thCentury: Tanning in New York State. AlanBeauregard (SUNY Binghamton).

LUNCH

The Wheelwright's Experience: Concentrationof Production and the Growth of Rural Re­pairing Services. James Gibb (SUNY Binghamton).

A Survey of Sites Connected with Boston'sMaterial Feminists. Suzanne Spencer-Wood(University of Massachusetts/Boston).

Ode to a Lunch Bowl: The Atlantic Lunch asan Interface between St. Mary's County,Maryland and Washington D.C. George C.Miller (Colonial Williamsburg Foundation).

COFFEE BREAK

Keynote Session

Local Flavors Party - beer, spiedies and hotchicken wings - Science 1 Rms. 143 + 144.Purchase tickets at registration or at thedoor.

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Sunday October 21:

8:30 - 11:40

9:00 - 11:00

9:00 a.m.

9:20 a.m.

9:40 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

10:20 a.m.

10:40 a.m.

1 t :00 a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

Registration University Union 101.

SymGosium - Early New Amsderdam: The Dutch WestIn la Slock Project. (Greenhouse Consultants Inc)

The Dutch West India Co. Block at Pearl Street:Logistics and Data Recovery. Joel W. Grossman.

The Stratigraphic Reconstruction of the DutchWe s tIn di a Com pa ny Bloc k J N. Y•C. Will f am I.Roberts

Artifact Conservation and Preseration. MelbaMyers.

17th and Early 18th Century Ceramics From theDutch West India Co. Block Project. NancyStehling and Melba Myers.

17th and Early 18th Century Glass From theDutch West India Co. Block, N.V.C. JosephDia.ond.

Caveat Emptor: Let the Buyer Beware!! DianeDall al.

COFFEE BREAK

11:20 - 12:20

11:20 a.m.

11 :40 a.m.

12:00 p.m.

12:20 p.m.

Symposium - Definition of Horizontal Structurein Historical Archaeology (University of Mass.Amherst) .

Introduction. Robert Paynter.

Tabacco Valley: Changing Land Use and ItsImplications for the Evaluation and Manage­ment of eul tural R.esources. Ell en R. Savu1 f s.

The Microlandscape of the E.H. Will iams Site.Rf ta Rei nke.

The Application of Multiple Geophysical Methodson New Engl"and Historical Sites: An Update.Richard D. Gumaer, Robert W. Paynter. DavidWeston and Robert Del Gizzi.

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CNEHA CONFERENCE - 1984

A B S T R ACT S

BEAUREGARD, ALAN D.46 Grand AvenueBinghamton, NY 13905

"Industrialization and Ideology in the NineteenthCentury: Training in New York State"

The nineteenth century in the United States wasmarked by a drive to mechanize virtually all forms oflabor; this drive towards mechanization was supportedby an ideology of progress which presented improvementsand innovations as necessary and inevitable.

The history of tanning in the nineteenth centuryis a particularly provocative arena for observing thedynamics of the nineteenth century ideology of innova­tion, since it is by and large a history of the con­ception and dissemination of techniques and processeswhich, considered in terms of their finished product,were poor substitutes for the manual labor they weredesigned to replace. The mechanized 'improvements'were found to produce inferior leather, or at the veryleast, leather which violated folk notions about thecolor and texture of quality leather.

Industrial census data, trade journals, farmpublications, archaeological and archival data will beused to make inferences about the material and laborrequirements of tanning, the importance of communica­tion networks and information flow, changes in theleather market during the century, and regionalvariation in the implementation of manu fa turingprocesses and marketing techniques in New York State.

BECKER, M. J.Westchester UniversityAnthropology DepartmentWest Chester, PA 19383

"Culture Contact, Change, and Capitalism:Silver in the Fur Trade"

Native Americans rapidly accepted the use ofmetals, cloth, and gunpowder from European traders. By1650, after about 100 years of contact in the North­east, stone tools and traditional weapons had been

BECKER (Cont I d. )

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completely superceded by introduced technology.Despite these substitutions in material culture. nativetraditions in other aspects of their individual systemsremained intact. Silver ornaments did not appear amongany native peoples until after 1700, and then onlyamong specific foraging cultures beginning to beinfluenced in their social structure by contact withthe colonial settlers and capitalists spreadingthroughout the region. This replacement of nativeornaments by European/colonial silverwork reflectschanges taking place in their social structure.

BERTRAM, HERBERT & TERRY KLEINLouis Berger & Associates, Inc.100 Halsted StreetEast Orange, NJ 07019

"Deep Holes and High Finance on Wall Street:Archaeological Investigations of the Barclays BankSite, Manhattan"

The construction of a major banking center atWall, Water, and Pearl Streets has provided anopportunity to study life along New York City's 18thcentury waterfront. The location of this new bankingcenter was the site of businesses and homes of merchantand druggists. Archaeological study of this site hasproduced artifacts and remains of buildings once usedby these intrepreneurs. Artifacts recovered duringexcavation included large quantitities of ceramics,glass, clothing items, jewelry, and food remains.Study of these artifacts and building remains willcontribute to our understanding of life in the 18thcentury city, and how it changed as a result ofhistorical events and processes. This archaeologicalstudy was financed by the London and Leeds Corporationfor Barclays Bank International.

BIDDICK, KATHLEENDepartment of HistoryUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, Indiana 46556

"A View from the 13th Century on the Origins ofCapitalism"

Development in Northwestern Europe has been placedon a new time line by Dark Age archaeologists. By

BIDDIeR (Cont I d. )

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&

arguing that state organization and integrated marketsystems developed in areas such as England by the ninthcentury, they have positioned the period from 800 A.D.as crucial to the formation of the modern world system.Their story for England is an especially optimisticone. Through a policy of carefully nurturing aninternal marketing system and minimizing long distanceexchange, England emerged as the wealthiest, most vitalarea of Northwestern Europe by the eleventh century.The Dark Age story ends happily for them: "By thesemeans great monarchs were bent to the will of circum­stances and with economic determination created anurban society where before a redistributive economy hadeffectively misused the resources which they knewexisted from their Roman heritage" Dark Age archaeolo­gists have left the task of figuring out what wentwrong to their colleagues in later medievalarchaeology. Unfortunately this area of Europeanhistorical archaeology has been much slower to developand test models that can shed light on the fundamentalprocesses of Europe under development from the eleventhcentury to the formation of the early modern worldsystem. The discipline of history has not been of muchhelp, since its dominant model for explaining medievalsocial and economic change has been a neo-Malthusianone. Change is reduced to popUlation growth.

In my contribution to the Binghamton conference Iwould like to concentrate on a problem that seemscentral to later medieval English Development. Thehappy story of England's economic growth came to an endabruptly in the late twelfth century as Englandtransformed itself from an internally developed economyto a colonial one indebted first to Flemish and thenItalian merchants who financed the wool trade. Betweenthe period 1180-1220 A.D. English agrarian lords movedabruptly as a sector toward direct management of theirresources and large scale production, effectivelyredistributing arable, and especially pastoralresources from small-scale producers to themselves.Agrarian lordship created economies of scale in thecountryside through rapid investment in buildingprograms for large granaries and animal housing and bycomplex coordination of herds across the grid definedby their scattered manorial holdings. At the same timeEngland lost its healthy textile industry and became anexporter of raw, unfinished goods. A productivepeasantry grew impoverished and increasinglystratified. French commentators at the time of theEnglish peasant revolt (1381) remarked on the unusual

BIDDICK (Cont •d. )

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degree of control exercised by English lords over theirserfs. This pattern of medieval production was unique

·to England. I believe that the breakdown of thispattern contributes to the particular historical pathfollowed by England on the way to the early modernworld system.

Our understanding of how and why this transforma­tion occurred requires collaborative efforts fromhistorians,· anthropologists and medieval archaeolo­gists. In my paper I will propose a model for thetransformation and indicate what key pieces of evidenceare required to work on the model further.

MARLEY R. BROWN, IIIDirector Archaeological Excavation and ConservationThe Colonial williamsburg FoundationPost Office Box CWilliamsburg, VA 23187

"Capitalism and the Rise of Inequality inEighteenth-Century Tidewater Virginia: AnArchaeological Perspective from Colonial Williamsburg"

Much recent scholarship in historical archaeologyhas been devoted to relating the effects of economicgrowth and social change in the American colonialperiod to observable patterns in the archaeologicalrecord. A review of this scholarship underscores theincreasingly important role of "front-end loaders" inthe discipline: archaeologists whose elaboratetheorizing and model-building far outstrips theirability to identify hypotheses and propositions whichcan be tested in what may be observed from the ground.As a consequence, "front-end loaders" have tended toobscure the proper role of excavated archaeologicaldata in research concerned with the impact ofcapitalism on the development of American society. Inan effort to clarify this role, the research design nowguiding the co-ordinated archaeological and historicalinvestigation of Williamsburg from the late seventeenththrough the nineteenth century is outlined. Theconcept of controlled comparison as a method forstudying economic and social change attending urbaniza­~ion in Tidewater Virginia is described. Broaderi~plications of this method for organizing andonducting archaeological research concerned with the

e:fects of capitalism on American colonial society are'::etailed.

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DALLAL, DlANEGreenhouse Consultants, Inc.50 Trinity PlaceNew York, New York 10006

"Caveat Emptor: Let the Buyer Bewarell"

A total of 9,720 clay tobacco pipes and fragmentswere recovered from the Dutch West India Co., Block.Of these, 7196 or 74%, were found within the stonefoundation walls of a small outbuilding, the depositsof which date from 1700-1717. Stylistically, thesetobacco pipes are of the commonplace, ordinary, late17th-early 18th century Bristol variety. They areextraordinary, however, in that they appear torepresent unsrnoked and unsmokable "rejects." All werecrudely manufactured, poorly marked, double-bored withsquashed bowl rims and clay patches - one pipe isstamped RRII/RRT!

Were these pipes "wasters" from an as yetundiscovered kiln site in lower Manhattan? Documentaryevidence hints at the existence of at least three asyet unreported pipe makers living in New York Citybetween 1702 and 1730. Or, is this deposit merely aprime example of the merchant or tavern owner being therecipient of a "bad lot" of pipes?

DIAMOND, JOSEPHGreenhouse Consultants, Inc.50 Trinity PlaceNew York, New York 10006

"Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth-Century Glass fromthe Dutch West India Co. Block, N.Y.C."

At the Dutch West India Co. Block in Manhattan,excavation yielded specific glass forms from dateable17th and early 18th century contexts. For theseventeenth century, these include a diverse range ofEuropean Waldglas, and facon de Venise, as well as late17th century English stemware, tableglass and bottleglass. The early 18th century is represented primarilyby English bottle glass and stemware.

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GIBB, JAMESDepartment of AnthropologySUNY at BinghamtonBinghamton, NY 13901

"The Wheelwright's Experience: Concentration ofProduction and the Growth of Rural Repairing Services"

The gravitation of horse-drawn vehicle manufactureto urban centers is examined as an example ofconcentration of production in the nineteenth century.The responses of rural wheel wrights to that processare identified through the use of census data aod tradejournal editorials. Material culture correlates ofthose responses are deduced and methodologicalquestions are raised regarding the use of materialculture to studying the emergence of repairing servicesin rural America.

GROSSMAN, Ph.D., JOEL W.Greenhouse Consultants, Inc.50 Trinity PlaceNew York, New York 10006

"The Dutch West India Co. Block at Pearl Street:Logistics and Data Recovery"

During December and January of this past winter ateam of over 70 archaeologists and laboratory special­ists worked under heated plastic domes at the corner ofWhitehall and Pearl Streets in lower Manhattan torecord a portion of the original shoreline settlementof New Amsterdam. Using a high precision infraredcomputer transit, overhead stereo cameras, and microcomputer data recording systems to augment the speedand scope of data recovery the team was able todocument the remains of four 17th century buildingsincluding the three walls and cobble floor of one ofthree Dutch West India Co. warehouses and a number ofwooden and brick cisterns and privies, as well ascontact period Dutch and English ceramics dating to themid-17th century. Out of a total sample of 43,000artifacts from 79 reconstructed deposits or strata over21 deposits contained in excess of 21,000 pre-1700artifacts. In addition to the stratigraphy andmaterial culture to be discussed by the other partici­pants, the reconstruction to date has provided newinsights on 17th through 19th century site formationprocesses which together with primary documentaryresearch has permitted the definition of significantshifts of lot and block boundaries through time.

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GUMAER, D. RICHARD: ROBERT W. PAYNTER; DAVID WESTONjROBERT DelGIZZrDepartment of AnthropologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmhers, MA 01003

"The Application of Multiple Geophysical Methods on NewEngland Historical Sites: an Update"

There is an increasing interest in geophysicalmethods as a tool of archaeological survey. Geophysicsoffers a non-destructive approach to the problems ofsite survey. During the past two field seasons we havecollected a sizable amount of data with the protonmagnetometer, electrical resistivity, and soilchemistry. Preliminary papers based on the 1983 seasonwere presented to the 1984 NEAA and SAA meetings. Thispaper adds results from the 1984 season at the E. H.Williams and W. E. B. DuBois sites. In addition topreliminary evaluation of anomalies we report on theconstruction and performance of a new alternatingcurrent resistivity device. The primary questions thatour research addresses are:

1) are geophysical methods useful under NewEngland field conditions?

2) is one method enough or are theycomplimentary?

3) how do various soil matrices affect theresults of a survey?

4) what is the most efficient arrangement of thecollection of field data and lab analysiswhile still maintaining sensitivity.

HANDSMAN, RUSSELL G.American Indian Archaeological InstituteSouth Street, Box 52Litchfield, CT 06759

"Merchant Capital and the Historical Archaeology ofGender, Motherhood, and Child Rearing"

Historical archaeology came of age in the late1960's and in the 1970's and its perspectives andpositions were shaped largely by the politics of thatera. The liberalization of history meant that thelives of the common folk could be rediscovered and thatthe eliteness of written texts could therefore becorrected. However our recognition and archaeologicalexploration of the dispossessed were empty of ideasabout power and control so we succeeded only in

HANDSMAN (Cont I d. )

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recognizing the poor or blacks or, more rarely, women.By ignoring relevant Marxian theories about hegemonyand social relations we offered no insights about theprocesses which encompassed the facts of dispossession.Through a framework which is informed by historicalmater~al~sm, tn~s paper expLo~es nOM ~n ideolc~~ ofgender, motherhood, and the nuclear family was createdand objectified by an emerging professional classduring the urbanization of some New England villages.By valuing genealogical links over other premises,merchants, lawyers, and clergymen transformed an ideaabout kinship into one of the family. This new socialrepresentation confirmed and masked the structuraldifferences associated with the accumulation and use ofmerchant capital. The new ideology of the family andthe processes linked to its emergence and objectifica­tion are encoded in historic archaeological records. Aradical study of these records and processes will offerarchaeologists the opportunity to contribute to theimportant dialogues about alienation and exploitationand the rise of capitalist relations. Put another way,historical archaeology will be able to forge a moremeaningful link between itself and the rest ofpostmodern America.

KUHN, ROBERT, D.SUNY-AlbanyDepartment of AnthropologyAlbany, NY 12222

"The Relationship of Archaeological Sites toHistorically Documented Sites"

The importance of identifying the specificrelationship between individual archaeological sitesand historically documented sites is readily apparent.If such a correlation can be made, the documentaryliterature may be utilized to enhance the archaeolo­gist's ability to interpret the archaeological remains.Alternatively, the results of excavations may providevaluable information concerning aspects of the lifewaynot addressed in the literature. Together, the twosources will undoubtedly prove more informative thaneither one alone.

Early Contact Period Iroquois sites discussed inethnohistoric literature have often been identifiedarchaeologically. The Warminster and Dawson sites inOntario have been identified as Champlain's Cahiague

KUHN (Cont' d. )

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and Cartier's Hochelaga respectively. A number ofsites discussed in van den Gogaert's journal of 1634have been identified archaeologically in the MohawkValley, New York.

In this presentation the criteria necessary formaking such identifications is reviewed, and criticallyevaluated. An example is drawn from the JacksonEversonsite, a Seventeenth Century site in the Mohawk Valley,which may relate to a number of specific accounts inthe Jesuit Relations. Conclusions conce~ning thearchaeologist's ability to identify historicallydocumented sites are proposed.

MYERS, MELBAGreenhouse Consultants, Inc.40 Trinity PlaceNew York, New York 10006

"Artifact Processing and Conservation"

The 43,314 artifact fragments and 2.7 metric tonsof construction materials recovered from the Dutch WestIndia Co. Block were processed in a trailer at the siteconcurrent with the winter excavation. Basic stabili­zation procedures, established by the Conservator, inaddition to cataloging techniques developed in order toachieve speedy data turn around, will be reviewed.Emergency field conservation involving the casting ofthe interior of a very deteriorated basket and removingthe entire feature, including its burial trench, willalso be covered.

MILLER, GEORGE, L.P. O. Box "c"Williamsburg, VA 23187

"Ode to a Lunch Bowl: The Atlantic Lunch as anInterface between St. Mary's county, Maryland andWashington, DC"

Our ability to deal with artifacts beyondchronology, technology and typology is at a veryprimitive level of development. Understanding thesocial milieu in which artifacts functioned is closerto an art aided by serendipity rather than a scienceguided by laws. Excavation of a bowl from the AtlanticLunch restaurant provided an insight as to how that

MILLER (Cont' d. )

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restaurant functioned as an interface between St.Mary's County, Maryland and Washington, DC. This smallstudy suggests that artifacts from commercial urbaninstitutions found in rural contexts could have goodpotential for establishing the ways in which urban andrural communities interacted.

PAYNTER, ROBERTDepartment of AnthropologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst, MA 01003

"Models of Technological Change in HistoricalArcheology"

One of the primary goals in historical archeologyis to account for change in the material record.Prevalent models are based on the concept of diffusionor identify processes by projecting market models onthe past. Alternative approaches interpret the U. S.with models of a capitalist mode of production. Theefficacy of this approach is illustrated withconsiderations of change in microlandscapes.

RATHJE, W. L.Department of Anthropologyu. of ArizonaTucscon, AZ 85721

"HOW CAPITALIST BOSSES EXPLOIT THEMSELVESThe Elites of Super-Consumption"

For ten years the Garbage Project has collecteddetailed data on household-level purchase, consumptionand discard in an industrialized society. Most of theworld's population, however, is not so highlyindustrialized. In 1980 CECODES and the GarbageProject analyzed more than 1000 household refusepickups from a stratified sample of neighborhoods inMexico City. In theory, elites in rapidly developingcountries are replacing old eating behaviors with newones which copy USA consumption patterns. In actualpractice, elites are not abandoning the old they aresimply adding the new--Western "status" foods {highfat, high protein, processed and packagedcommodities)--top of the old. As a result, the highestincome groups may regularly eat considerably more food

RATHJE (Cont •d. )

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per person than people in less economically advantagedgroups. This pattern of elite "super-consumption" wasidentified by refuse analyses in Mexico City and ininterview-diet studies in Hong Kong and Cali, Columbia.Such exaggerated consumption has important implicationsfor disease vectors, including high rates of colon andbreast cancer and heart disease. As much as the elitesin rapidly developing countries are seen as exploitersof the poor, at least in a statistical sense, capital­ist bosses are paying a price for their gluttony.

REINKE, RITADepartment ofUniversity ofAmherst, MA

AnthropologyMassachusetts01003

"The Microlandscape of the E. H. Williams Site"

Traditionally historical archeologists have tendedto focus their attention on the primary structures of asite--the house, mill, fort, and so on. Consequently,there has been relatively little examination of thesurrounding microlandscape, and less testing of thereceived wisdom about historical land use. At the E.H. Williams site, our preliminary investigations haveextended beyond the standing house to incorporate areasof landscaping, driveways and outbuildings. Thetechniques used included magnetometer, electricalresistivity survey, soil phosphate testing and shoveltest pitting. The results have shown a surprising lackof outbuildings and refuse deposits, and extensiveearthmoving, data out of step with original expecta­tions. The implications for both theory and the methodof microlandscape investigation are presented.

ROBERTS IV, WILLIAM I.Greenhouse Consultants, Inc.50 Trinity PlaceNew York, New York 10006

"The Stratigraphic Reconstruction of the Dutch WestIndia Company Block, N. Y. C."

Stratigraphic associations provide the basicframework for the relative dating and analysis ofarchaeological sites. At the Dutch West India Co.Block site, a system derived from recent developments

ROBERTS (Cont'd.)

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in British field methodology was employed for therecording, control and analysis of the units ofstratification called contexts. The analysis proceededin a series of discrete steps from the smallest andsimplest primary units to the larger and more complexassociations. Contexts were first analyzed withinindividual excavation units- Then comparisons betweenunits were made, resulting in grouping by naturalstratification into layers, architectural remains andfeatures. Approximately 600 contexts assigned duringthe excavation were reconstructed during analysis as 70components representing natural stratigraphic units ofassociation and contemporaneity.

·ROTHSCHILD. N. A.Department of AnthropologyBarnard College606 West 120th SteetNew Yorkr New York 10027

The Reflection of Urbanization in Faunal Remains"

The increasingly urban nature of New York betweenthe 17th and 19th centuries is seen in two aspects offaunal assemblages. First, an increasing dependence onbutcher-bought meat manifests the growing strength ofthe market economy. Second, a decline in the varietyof meat and fish eaten indicates a standardizationwhich may be characteristic of post-industrial cities,reflecting class affiliation over other socialidentities. These ideas will be discussed andillustrated using material from several sites excavatedin lower Manhattan.

RUTSCH, EDWARDHistoric Conservationand Interpretation. Inc.

"Preliminary Report on the Fieldwork at 60 Wall Street"

(No Abstract Submitted)

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SAVULIS, ELLEN R.Department of AnthropologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst, MA 01003

"Tobacco Valley: Changing Land Use and itsImplications for the Evaluation and Management ofCultural Resources"

Since 1945, the State of Massachusetts has lost anaverage of 40,000 acres of farm land each year. Thispaper presents the results of a study of the impact ofsuch changing land use on the management of culturalresources in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts.This project was carried out in four communitiesselected for their variety of agricultural productionand cultural and visual resources. Specifically, landrecently in tobacco production was examined in order totrace current patterns of large-scale agricultural landuse in the region. This paper discussed: 1) themethods used to identify land in tobacco production;2) the methods and results of an evaluation of resourcesensitivity of these parcels: 3) a summary of changingland use pressures: and 4) a discussion of possiblestrategies for the management of these resources. Themethod and results presented in this paper have wideimplications for the development of cultural resourcemanagement strategies elsewhere in Northeast.

SPENCER-WOOD, SUZANNE81 Highland AvenueArlington, MA 02174

"A Survey of Sites Connected with Boston's MaterialFeminists"

The impact of material feminism on the late 19thcentury Boston landscape is being studied by locatingsites connected with this movement. Since materialfeminists were concerned with altering the materialconditions which maintained women's inferior status,these sites include a cooperative laundry, kitchen, andbakery, which were built to force husbands to pay fordomestic work. The house sites of these Cambridgefeminists were located for possible excavation toassess the effect of this political ideology onparticipants' consumption patterns. In additionfeminist philanthropists attempted to professionalizedo~estic work and raise its status by establishingindustrial schools, day nurseries and public kitchens.

The locations of these sites indicates the relationshipbetween these upper class feminists and the poorimmigrants they attempted to educate.

SPENCER-WOOD (Cont •d. )

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STEHLING, NANCY AND MELBA MYERSGreenhouse Consultants, Inc.50 Trinity PlaceNew York, New York 10006

"17th and early 18th Century Ceramics from the DutchWest India Co. Block Project"

The Dutch West India Block Project provided a rareopportunity to examine 17th century ceramic materialsfrom a NYC fast-land site. Of the 3217 sherds,recovered under controlled excavation procedures, 1396(43%) are from 17th and early 18th century deposits.The emphasis during the presentation will be on colorslide documentation of the range of variation of theredwares, buffwares, and tin-glazed earthenwares fromthese controlled units of association. A circa 1680English delft Posset Pot and a circa 1675 stonewaretankard from Steinzeng, Germany, are featured togetherwith rim profiles and color close-ups of Dutch tinglazes, European redwares and green/ginger and yellowglazed buffwares.

STEWART, W. B.Aramsky Hall, Room 103Queen's UniversityKingston, OntarioK7L 3N6

"After the Loyalists: The Archaeology ofPre-Confederation Kingston"

Archaeological data recovered from the excavationsat Fort Frontenac in Kingston, Ontario reflect majorphases in the development of this urban centre. Oneparticular area of interest encompasses the post­Loyalist years to Confederation (1820-1867). This erawas witness to the rapid growth and commerical successof Kingston, followed by recession and decline duringthe second half of the 19th century. Architecturalfeatures, land-use and patterns of material culturedating to this time period at the Fort Frontenacexcavations are examined, in an attempt to correlate

"The Survey of a Wreck Site at Hart's Cove, New Castle,NH"

the archaeological data with relevant historic andgeographic models of the urbanization process inKingston.

SWITZER, DAVID C.Institute for New Hampshire StudiesDepartment of Social SciencePlymouth State CollegePlymouth, New Hampshire 03264

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(Cont . d. )

The remains of a small vessel located in Hart'sCove at the mouth of the Piscataqua River were surveyedby the Plymouth State College Institute for NewHampshire Studies in July '83 under a permit granted bythe SHPO. This paper will speak to the survey anddocumentation methods as well as material culturerecovered from the site. Ceramic material from thesite area, including tobacco pipes, redware, andstoneware, is dateable from the 17th through the mid18th century. Although not intact, the wreck providesexamples of interesting structural details withindicators that the vessel, type as yet undetermined,was launched in the 18th century or earlier.

STEWART

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A number of people and institutions assistedin the preparation and execution of this program.The Roberson Center for the Arts and Sciencesprovided the space and program for the Friday nightsession.

Ross McGuire coordinated the center'sparticipation in the meetings while MichelleMorrison organized and prepared the Robersonsessions.

The Department of Anthropology at SUNY­Binghamton sponsored the sessions at SUNY. AlbertDekin, the department chair was particularlyhelpful in planning the meetings. Other SUNY staffwho gave assistance include Patti Koval in theConference Office and Binx Keefe in the Office ofUniversity Publications. Peggy Roe of theDepartment of Anthropology typed the program andabstracts.

The Anthropology Graduate Student Organizationprovided refreshments and put on the Saturday nightparty. Lynn Clark organized registration with thehelp of Katherine Fleming. Ed Hood and Peter Ungarorganized undergraduate help for the meetings andLuAnn Wurst coordinated the shuttle service.

To all these people, and others who helped ina variety of ways -- THANK YOUI

RANDY MCGUIREProgram Chairperson