the creation of labor unions and its importance in the progressive era by joseph ballesteros, bobby...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Creation of Labor Unions
and its Importance in the Progressive Era
By Joseph Ballesteros, Bobby Klemt, and Alex Mailander
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Eugene Debs
● Born Terre Haute, Indiana
● High school dropout
● Socialist
○ Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
○ The Wobblies
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Jail/Election
● Goes to jail for leading the Pullman Strike against
federal troops
● Becomes an official socialist in jail and then runs in
1900 for the socialist party
○ He loses, but continues to run.
● Ditches the national election and runs for the Indiana
congressional seat.
○ Campaigned as a pacifist and won!
● But then arrested for preaching pacifism
● And then he ran again for the national election from his
jail cell
○ Another loss
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Square Deal: Theodore Roosevelt
● First time President sided with union workers in labor dispute.
● Addressed -the three c’s-○ Control of Corporation○ Consumer protection○ Conservation
● 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike in Pennsylvania○ 140,000 miners went on strike.
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Square Deal Cont.● Anthracite operator led by George Baer.● TR asked the workers and representatives
to Washington.● United Mine Workers president calls for
Arbitration.● George Baer refuses insults TR “they don’t
suffer; they can't even speak English.”● Owners agree to wages of workers.
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
● Originally the Federation of Organized Trades○ Replaces the KOL since they
started to go into political and social problems
● In 1886, the AFL is formed under the leadership of Samuel Gompers○ Kept labor movement together
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AFL Cont.
● First focused on craft unionism● Its approximately 100 national and international unions
kept full control over their affairs○ Each union received “exclusive jurisdiction” over
their crafts● Stayed true to their cause
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International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union● Founded in 1900.● Members were mostly women● 1909 part of “uprising of 20,000”● 1910 “great revolt” group of 60,000 led by
ILGWU.● After 1911 triangle shirtwaist factory fire ILGWU
worked towards factory reforms.
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● Industrial Workers of the World is a union for all workers.
● Based on industry, not trade, the union focuses on all jobs in the industry, not one specific skill set.
● founded in 1905.● nicknamed the “Wobblies”● ANYBODY can join.● Radical
IWW
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Key Events for Labor Unions:
McKees Rock Strike● Happened in 1909 at McKee Rock● Described as “the greatest labor fight in all
[of] history in the labor movement”
The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire● March 25th, 1911● Put worker conditions in the spotlight.
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Overall:
● Labor unions are what began the overthrow of capitalist leaders, and gave the need for more proactive presidents, ending the Gilded Age and beginning the Progressive Era.
● Essentially, this is the pivotal point between the two eras, and therefore must be included in the new Progressive Era exhibit.
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Works Cited
"About the IWW." Industrial Workers of the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2013. <http://www.iww.org/about>.
"American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) (labour Organization)." Encyclopedia
Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/19681/American-Federation-of-Labor-Congress-of-Industrial-Organizations-
AFL-CIO>.
"Eugene Debs 1855-1926." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/peopleevents/p_debs.html>.
"Key Events in Labor History." AFL-CIO. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. <http://www.aflcio.org/About/Our-History/Key-
Events-in-Labor-History>.
"The Progressive Presidents." - AP U.S. History Topic Outlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/the-progressive-presidents/>.