the critical importance of nanotechnology to the national
TRANSCRIPT
The Critical Importance of The Critical Importance of Nanotechnology to the National Nanotechnology to the National and Regional Economiesand Regional Economies
Robert D. “Skip” RungPresident and Executive Director
2
Agenda
• Why Nanotechnology is essential for sustainable high-wage job creation and other social goods (e.g. energy security)
• How the US and other countries are pursuing competitive advantage via nanotechnology
– U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative www.nano.gov
• Pacific Northwest micro/nano industry assets and research infrastructure
• Regional strategy example – Oregon and ONAMI
3
Agenda
• Why Nanotechnology is essential for sustainable high-wage job creation and other social goods (e.g. energy security)
• How the US and other countries are pursuing competitive advantage via nanotechnology
– U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative Pacific Northwest micro/nano industry assets and research infrastructure
• Regional strategy example – Oregon and ONAMI
4
Nano and Economic Developmentthe essential argument
Prosperity and wealth creation are essential for both household well-being and public investment (infrastructure, education, health, security)
Commercialized innovation (i.e. non-commodity work) is essential for prosperity and wealth creation
Science-based innovation is the most durable and valuable kind
“Nanotechnology” means roughly (~75%) the same thing as “the leading edge of the applied physical and biomolecular sciences” - for virtually every market sector
Therefore, “nano” is key for national and regional prosperity
5
Global Economic Reality Innovation Isn’t Everything – It’s the Only Thing
“Death of distance”, developing economies, India/China, etc. → increased job mobility, pressure on wages for “specifiable work”There is no “American birthright” to higher wages for the same
(or less) work
Talent sourcing, market/cultural presence equally important for business investment/location
The only thing that can sustainably support wage differentials is research and innovation leadershipLose these, and the world really is flat
This is not an “elite thing” – everyone has a stake in the standard of living enabled by winning at innovation
6
Yes, You Can Lose Your Economic Base
*The 10 Richest US CitiesArlington, VAThousand Oaks, CANaperville, ILAlexandria, VAStamford, CTIrvine, CASan Francisco, CAScottsdale, AZHuntington Beach, CASunnyvale, CA
*by average income, http://www.bizjournals.com/edit special/69.html
The 10 Poorest US CitiesBrownsville, TXFlint, MISyracuse, NYRochester, NYDayton, OHCleveland, OHDetroit, MIBuffalo, NYErie, PAWaco, TX
7
High-Tech Corporate Strategies for Capacity and Employment Investment
• Global market presence and talent search are the main drivers of overseas presence
• But lower costs (labor, regulation, tax) do matter
• US-based companies still the most competitive, but have decreasing “bias” to keep things at home
– Research/talent access, IP protection remain the “stickiest”reasons to invest here
• Intel-OR (ICs) and HP-OR (inkjet) technology lifecycle strategies are classic approaches to high-tech R&D and manufacturing development
8
Nano Startup Company Investment• Startups remain crucial for innovation – due to the
“innovator’s dilemma”
• Micro/nanotech investments have high costs, long exits – very difficult to see adequate returns, so VC funding probability is small (but not zero)
• Must have: the best people, the best opportunity, the best solutions/ideas – then intensive risk mitigation
• Troubling signs in US – regulation, litigation, high costs, immigration restrictions, weak STEM pipeline
• “Clean Tech” (energy, water, environment) is the bubble trend – it’s not just about Silicon in Silicon Valley any more – and nano is fundamentally enabling for cleantech– but lots of change/uncertainty in non-SW VC world
9
Agenda
• Why Nanotechnology is essential for sustainable high-wage job creation and other social goods (e.g. energy security)
• How the US and other countries are pursuing competitive advantage via nanotechnology
– U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative www.nano.gov
• Pacific Northwest micro/nano industry assets and research infrastructure
• Regional strategy example – Oregon and ONAMI
10
U.S. and International Investment in Nanotechnology R&D
Key points:
1. “Nano” is currently the top applied science funding priority worldwide, CAGR ~ 35% through 2005 (slower since then, ~6%)• Primarily for economic development reasons
2. Initiated/led by public research funding, but industry investment now greater
3. Inherently collaborative: multi-disciplinary, multi-agency, multi-institutional: government/academia/industry
11
National Nanotechnology Initiative(www.nano.gov)
• Federal interagency collaboration• Started by Dr. Mihail Roco (NSF)• PCAST approval 1999, FY01 $489M• Vision: “A future in which the ability to understand
and control matter on the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry”
• Four goals:– World-class research and development program– Technology transfer (industry adoption, new companies)– Education and workforce development, infrastructure (NNIN)– Responsible development (EHS, social impacts)
12
NNI Governance and Funding
• National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology (CT)
• Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET)
• National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (PL 108-153, the “Wyden bill”)
Director: Dr. E. Clayton Teague (NIST)
• Coordinated agency funding request in President’s annual budget (no independent NNCO spending authority)• Congressional appropriations process (House,
Senate, conference) and President’s signature
13
NNI Funding History ($M)Agency 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005NSF 150 204 221 256 335DOD 125 224 322 291 352DOE 88 89 134 202 208DHHS (NIH) 40 59 78 106 165DOC(NIST) 33 77 64 77 79NASA 22 35 36 47 45EPA 5 6 5 5 7USDA 1 2 3DHHS (NIOSH) 3DOJ 1 1 1 2 2DHS 2 1 1 1TOTAL 464 697 863 989 1200
14
Recent NNI Funding by Agency$M FY06 FY07 FY08 est. FY09 prop.DOD 424 450 487 431 (~530?)NSF 360 389 389 397DOE 231 236 251 311DHHS (NIH) 192 215 226 226DOC (NIST) 78 88 89 110NASA 50 20 18 19EPA 4.5 8 10 15DHHS (NIOSH) 3.8 7 6 6USDA (FS) 2.3 3 5 5USDA (CREES) 3.9 4 6 3DOJ 0.3 2 2 2DHS 1.5 2 1 1DOT (FHWA) 0.9 1 1 1TOTAL NNI 1351 1425 1491 1527 (~1630?)
www.nano.gov
15
NNI Program Component AreasFY08 investment levels
1. Fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes - $532M
2. Nanomaterials - $255M3. Nanoscale devices and systems - $342M4. Instrumentation research, metrology and standards
- $60M5. Nanomanufacturing - $50M6. Major research facilities and instrument acquisition -
$154M7. Environmental Health and Safety - $59M8. Societal dimensions - $39M
16
FY09 NNI Investment by Program Area
$M FUND NMTL NSDS IRMS NMFG MRFI EHS SOC Total
DOD 227.8 55.2 107.7 3.6 12.8 22.1 1.8 431.0
NSF 141.7 62.5 51.6 16.0 26.9 32.1 30.6 35.5 396.9
DOE 96.9 63.5 8.1 32.0 6.0 101.2 3.0 0.5 311.2
NIH 55.5 25.4 125.8 5.9 0.8 7.7 4.6 225.7
NIST 24.5 8.5 22.7 20.9 15.3 5.7 12.8 110.4
NASA 1.2 9.8 7.7 0.2 0.1 19.0
EPA 0.2 0.2 0.2 14.3 14.9
NIOSH
6.0 6.0
USFS 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.2 5.0
USDA 0.4 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.0
DOJ 2.0 2.0
DHS 1.0 1.0
DOT 0.9 0.9
Total 550.8 227.2 327.0 81.5 62.1 161.3 76.4 40.7 1527
17
Private (Corp. + VC)Total = $4 billion
Public (National, regional, state)Total = $4.6 billion
Nanotechnology InvestmentWorldwide – $8.6 billion in 2004
Source: Lux Research
Asia North America
Europe
Other
Europe
AsiaNorth
America
Other
18
Global Nano R&D Investment Snapshot (2005 figures, known cases)
$M Nano R&D National Govt. Industry/private
United States 1200 ~3000 (guess)
EU-25 ~1050
Japan ~950
China ~250
Korea ~300
Taiwan ~110
Total 3860 ~5500 (guess)
Total est. investment in 2006: $4.6B govt., $6B industry (source: NNI)(does not include state/provincial investment figures)
19
Asia North America
Europe
Other
Europe
AsiaNorth
America
Other
Private (Corp. + VC)Total = $7.3 billion
Public (National, regional, state)Total = $6.5 billion
Nanotechnology InvestmentWorldwide – $13.8 billion in 2007
Source: Lux Research
20
Not included in the Europe/Asia figures…yet
• Russian Corporation for Nanotechnologies• Est’d by Russian Gov’t July 19, 2007• Et. $5.5B budget over 4 years for research
capacity and commercialization• Soliciting proposals from companies from any
country
http://www.rusnanotekh.com/
21
Current Nano Leadership Indicators
#1 #2 #3
2007 Public R&D $$ EU-27 Asia USA
2007 Private R&D $$ USA Asia EU-27
2007 publications EU-27 USA China
2007 *”Top 3” pubs USA Germany France
2005 Pub citations USA EU-25 China
2006 Domestic Patents USPTO EPO JPO
**Intl Patents (cum ’05) USA Japan Germany
* Science, Nature, Proc. NAS** 3 or more countries
22
OK, we’re all for innovation and job creation, but what about the downside/risks of nano?
• Social impacts: technological society, haves and have nots, people left behind?– Important topic, but not new or specific to nanotechnology
• Environmental, Health and Safety– Concern: disaggregated/loose nanoparticles can be toxic and
highly mobile– Reassuring facts:
• Most nanomaterials won’t be disaggregated/loose, especially in consumer situations
• Strong government/industrial hazmat knowledge and experience
• Lots of proactive work and research on this subject, including NSF, NIOSH, EPA and other agency research
Green Nanotechnology is a great opportunity…
Nanotechnology and the Environment August 5-6 , 2008 Indianapolis, IN
Robert D. “Skip” Rung President & Executive Director
Green Nanotechnologyand
Economic Development
Public concerns, product stigma
NEWS ANALYSIS
Public shares nanotech fearsAnna SallehABC Science OnlineMonday, 22 November 2004
Nanotechnology and the Environment August 5-6 , 2008 Indianapolis, IN
Green Nanotechnology…
“Good morning!”…
“What do you mean?”, he said. “Do you wish me a good morning, or mean that it is a good morning whether I want it or not; or that you feel good this morning; or that it is a morning to be good on?”
“All of them at once,” said Bilbo, and he meant it.
From The Hobbit, by J.R.R. Tolkien (1937)
26
Nanotechnology and the Environment“All of them at once”
“Nano” should be inherently green (e.g. dematerialization, optimized material performance)
Critical enabler for energy security – efficiency, generation, and storage/transmission
Valuable for direct environmental applications (e.g. remediation)
But should be developed with systematic attention paid to EHSconcerns (real and perceived)
However, comprehensive regulation/testing is unlikely to work, and likely to prevent or delay needed benefits
(and are we really sure the pre-nano status quo is safer?)
There is a better way – the Green Nanotechnology approach
27
The Theory and Practice of Green Nanotechnology – ONAMI SNNI
Thrust Group 1Designing Safer Nanomaterials
Thrust Group 2Greener Nanomanufacturing of
Engineered Nanoparticles
Thrust Group 3
Interfacing Nanoparticles to Nano-and Macro-Structures for Device Applications
…and
Economic Development
From:
Recession-Plagued Nation Demands New Bubble To Invest In
http://www.theonion.com/content/news/recession_plagued_nation_demands
A prominent finance expert asks Congress to help Americans rebuild their ficticious dreams.
Issue 44•29July 14, 2008
29
What Kind of “Industry” is Nano?
For the most part, not a market-specific industry in itself
Advances in materials science and manufacturing will (continue to) be fundamentally enabling for virtually all markets and industries
In nano (materials science at the macro-molecular level), you might say “we get more performance from less material by making every atom work harder” – an inherently ‘green’ concept
But seriously…
What’s “Real” In Nanotech?
Micro and Nano Will Drive the Future Economy!Micro and Nano Will Drive the Future Economy!(acknowledgement: Lux Research)
Materials Intermediates Nano-EnabledProducts
Tool
s$10B’s
$10B’s
$100B’s$1T’s
Monday, Sept. 12, 3:45-4:45 PM
31
Agenda
• Why Nanotechnology is essential for sustainable high-wage job creation and other social goods (e.g. energy security)
• How the US and other countries are pursuing competitive advantage via nanotechnology
– U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative
• Pacific Northwest micro/nano industry assets and research infrastructure
• Regional strategy example – Oregon and ONAMI
32
Pacific Northwest Micro and Nano Industry Assets
9 posters (3 CA, 2 MA, 2 TX,1 AZ, 1 PNW) available at www.siliconmaps.com
33
“Silicon Forest”: The Surprise World Leader in Industrial “Small Tech” R&D Assets!
“You already have what everyone else wants”Dr. John Marburger, Presidential Science Advisor
PNNL- $900M/year, largest R&D operation W. of Chicago and N. of San Francisco
INTEL: #1 Nanotech application and R&D•15,000 Employees In Oregon•HQ Semiconductor Process Engr. ($11B capex, 90/65/45 nm R&D and lead production)
HP: #1 MEMs application and R&D•HP Ink Jet HQ (MEMs & nanometer technology)•Largest HP technology site – 2000 people. •25% of all HP patents here, #1 nano patent portfolio
FEI: World leader in tools for nanotechnology;
INVITROGEN: World Leader in Quantum Dots
TriQuint: World leader in GaAs ICs
ESI: World leader in laser micromachining
Tektronix, Xerox, ON Semi/Nantero, Applied Materials, Novellus, nLIGHT, IDT, Microchip, IDT, Siltronic, SEH, Wafertech, Sharp…
34
Intel trigate structures for the 32nm and 22nm nodes (left – x-cross section, right – y-cross section). SiGe raised source/drains
with strain enhancements in the channel.
www.intel.com
Mass production of nano-engineered materials, devices, and systems is being pioneered by the IC industry
35
The Cluster Phenomenon
http://www.pdx.edu/ims/siliconforest.html
36
Seattle: UW NNIN node, NSF STC, WTC, NanoBio co’s, Boeing/matls
37
University of Washington, WTC
38
SW and Central WA –Semiconductors, Electronics, Lasers
39
Richland, WA – PNNL/Battelle
40
Silicon Forest: Hillsboro, Beaverton WW “Nano Central”?
Intel
FEI
ESI
Triquint
IDT
Genentech
Solarworld
Acrymed
NexPlanar
Voxtel
many more..
41
Silicon Forest – Portland, SW WA
On Semiconductor, Microchip, Wafertech, nLIGHT, SEH America, Sharp Labs, HP
42
Silicon Forest Northeast Fabs
nLIGHT - Vancouver Sharp Labs - Camas Microchip - Gresham
ON Semiconductor -Gresham
Wafertech - Vancouver SEH America -Vancouver
43
Eugene – Invitrogen
44
University of Oregon – Lokey Labs
45
Corvallis – HP, OSU, ONAMI HQ
46
Oregon State University
Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
Solid State Materials & Devices Laboratories
47
Here Comes the Sun…
Spectrawatt
48
REC Silicon – Moses Lake, WA
49
Peak Sun Silicon – Millersburg, OR
50
Pacific NW “small tech” Assets:Research User Facilities• U.S. National Laboratories: PNNL (EMSL), INL (Idaho
Falls)
• Universities with nano research activity– OHSU, OSU, PSU, SFU, U. Alberta, UBC, UI, UO, U. Victoria,
UW, WSU (est. total $100-$200M/year)
• Shared User Facilities (not exhaustive)– UW Center for Nanotechnology – only NNIN node in PNW– Washington Technology Center (micro/nano fab)– PNNL Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory– ONAMI NWNanoNet™ facility network (CEMN-Portland,
CAMCOR-Eugene, MBI-Corvallis)– NanoFab & National Insitute for Nanotechnology, U. Alberta– Applied Materials and Engineering Process Lab, UBC– 4D Labs, Simon Frasier U.
(all weblinks available on request)
51
Regional Strategies
• ..are about overcoming the obstacles to attracting research funding and capital investment funds
• …are inherently collaboration strategies, and as such are not easily made to work
• “Place” still matters because the human experience is not (yet?) completely virtualized– e.g. residential education, physical labs, VC partner
attendance at board meetings
• Jargon abounds: “clusters”, “hubs and networks”, etc. but it all refers to real world comparative advantage
• The standard formula: research/higher ed + capital & business formation + workforce development
52
Agenda
• Why Nanotechnology is essential for sustainable high-wage job creation and other social goods (e.g. energy security)
• How the US and other countries are pursuing competitive advantage via nanotechnology
– U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative
• Pacific Northwest micro/nano industry assets and research infrastructure
• Regional strategy example – Oregon and ONAMI www.onami.us
53
Oregon’s Situation (example)
• Strengths: industry assets/talent pool, desirability as place to live, collegial culture
• Weaknesses: financial assets, university sector (no Stanford/MIT, neglect of OUS)
• Some recent progress and hope:– 1997 - ETIC– 2001 - New Economy Coalition– 2003 - OCKED, Signature Research begins ($21M)– 2005 - ONAMI $7M and Oregon InC established– 2007 - Oregon InC comprehensive strategy and $28M,
ONAMI $9M
• But – other states are investing heavily in higher edand economic development; essential to leverage carefully targeted investments
54
Why “Small Tech” for Oregon?Global reality: lead at innovation… or elseSituation: where our high-wage jobs areSignature Research Strategy
Industry cluster strength+Emerging markets+Competitive research=Future Prosperity Source
54
55
Oregon Traded Sectors (2005)
55
Industry # OR Jobs
Annual Pay per Worker
LocationQuotient
Δ% Job Growth vs. US
(’04-’05)Electronics 43,357 $78,613 1.98 2.0%
Forest Products 47,140 $42,154 3.37 0.7%
Metals 24,313 $45,361 0.98 3.6%
Apparel/Sports 9,780 $83,587 1.49 7.5%
Food Processing 24,195 $30,691 1.15 -0.8%Trans. Equipment 17,983 $39,115 0.81 7.3%
Machinery 11,662 $51,041 0.80 -1.7%
SW Publishing 7,276 $84,126 2.44 9.3%
Source: Oregon Business Plan 2007 Competitive Index
56
Why “Small Tech” for Oregon?Global reality: lead at innovation… or elseSituation: where our high-wage jobs areSignature Research Strategy
Industry cluster strength+ Emerging markets+ Competitive research= Future Prosperity Source
Implementation Framework:╥Collaborative Research Engine║NWNanoNet™ – researchers & user facilities╨Gap and Early Stage Equity Funding
56
57
The ONAMI NWnanoNet™ Vision…is happening
The ONAMI NWnanoNet™
The ONAMI NWnanoNet™
Other Technology
Organizations
ONAMI:
Collaborative Research Engine,
“Gap” grantsEarly Stage
Company formation, Milestone-driven product
Development
CommercializableTechnologies
VC FundableCompanies
Externally funded startups
Collaboration… in Academia?Then…. Now…
FY04-$9M FY05-$15M FY06-$25M FY07-$29M FY08-$31M
59
ONAMI’s Four Collaborative Research Thrusts
• Microtechnology-based Energy and Chemical Systems
• Green Nanomaterialsand Nanomanufacturing
• Nanolaminates and Transparent Electronics
• Nanoscale Metrology and Nanoelectronics
60
ONAMI Collaborative ResearchONAMI Collaborative Research
• What: Signature Researcher startup assistance, collaborative team formation, proposal matching funds
• Why: top universities are fundamental for everything – IP, infrastructure, talent, reputation; collaboration → better ideas, more funding
• Investment: $4.0M current + $4.5M requested• Results: 170% growth since FY04, first two
signature researchers on board• Next: More top recruits (6-8), growth in research
awards, but not quite as fast
61
NWnanoNet™Shared User FacilitiesShared User Facilities
• What: Complementary micro/nano fab, analytical and microscopy facilities for ALL researchers and industry collaborations; web/remote access
• Why: Capacity to win and execute research awards; SMB can’t afford their own; enable effective interactions over distance
• Investment: $1.7M current + $1.0M requested• Results: Growing use and interest, first 10 tools
connected at UO, PSU, OSU• Next: manage and grow this startup – marketing,
business operations; add sites to network
FEI Phenom-Ed
62
The ONAMI Shared Facilities
• Microproducts Breakthrough Institute (OSU/PNNL)
• Center for Electron Microscopy (PSU)
• Center For Advanced Materials Characterization (UO)
63
Remote Access Connected ToolsX-Ray Diffraction Spectrometerhttp://xrd1video.science.oregonstate.edu/view/index.shtm
lJEOL 100 CX SEMhttp://jeolvideo.emc.pdx.edu/view/index.shtmlFEI Sirion SEMhttp://sirionvideo.emc.pdx.edu/view/index.shtmlISI SEMhttp://isivideo.emc.pdx.edu/view/index.shtmlFEI DB237 Dual Beam FIBhttp://db237video.pdx.eduFEI Tecnai 200 Kev TEMhttp://tecnaivideo.pdx.eduFEI Phenom Tabletop SEMhttp://phenomvideo.pdx.eduCaneca SX100 Electron Microprobehttp://epma2video.uoregon.edu/view/index.shtmlCameca SX50 Electron Microprobehttp://epmavideo.uoregon.edu/view/view.shtmlFEI Quanta Environmental SEMhttp://semvideo.uoregon.edu/view/view.shtmlZeiss Ultra FE Scanning Electron Lithography Microscopehttp://sem2video.uoregon.edu/view/index.shtmlIon-TOF TOF SIMShttp://tofvideo.uoregon.edu/view/index.shtmlKratos XPS:http://xpsvideo.uoregon.edu/view/index.shtml
Web Access Modes:
Browser: video cam (multiple views, presets, user control), audio
VNC: Virtual network connection to instrument displays, controls
John Donovan, CAMCOR 541.346.4655/4632
64
Thrust Area and Project Host Campus
MECS (microtech-based energy and chemical systems)
Green Nano(materials and manufacturing processes)
Solid State(printed electronics, electronic materials)
NanoscaleMetrology
Nano Bio-Tech
OSU Home Dialysis PlusABPMtek EnergyNanobitsTrillium Fiber FuelsApex Drive Labs(Peregrine)
Inpria(Nanobits)(CNXL)(Trillium)
CNXLPeregrine(Inpria)(Perpetua)
(Floragenex)
PSU Flash Sensor(pending)
DesignMedixPDX Bioscience(Flash Sensor)
UO (Floragenex)(Dune)
Crystal ClearDune
Perpetua (Dune) Floragenex(Dune)
The ONAMI Gap Fund Portfolio, January 2009
65
Energy Clean and Green Processes
Health Care and Drug Discovery
Oregon State University
American BioDieselMtek Energy SystemsTrillium Fiber FuelsApex Drive LabsCNXL Batteries
InpriaNanobitsPeregrine Power
Home Dialysis Plus
Floragenex
Portland State University
Flash SensorDesignMedixPortland Bioscience
University of Oregon
Dune SciencesPerpetua
Crystal Clear Technologies
Dune Sciences
Floragenex
The ONAMI Gap Fund Portfolio, January 2009
66
Enabling Micro/Nano Startups, Spinouts(selected examples)
Nanotools, nanophotonicsMikromasch, Deep Photonics, PDX BioLightSmyth, AISthesis, Dune SciencesNanoBits, Lumencor, MLD Technologies
Nanomaterials, nanobioAcrymed, Nuvometrix, VoxtelCrystal Clear Technologies, Crystal Clear Technologies, CovalentCovalentQuantum Dot & Biocrystal (Invitrogen),Brilliant Tech, Inpria, Floragenex
MEMS/microtechnologyClearEdge Power, Home Dialysis PlusHome Dialysis Plus,AISI, Hydration TechnologiesImtech, Perpetua, Phoseon, PicoJet,Peregrine Power, WiSPI, DTLTechTrillium Fiber Fuels, Mtek Energy
Technology/IPFacility Assistance
“Gap” grants
nMAXAccelerator &
$20-$25M Fund
Externally Funded
Companies
JOB Growth
67
Commercialization Pipeline and Gap Fund
ONAMI /Government
Grants
Research
ONAMI Gap Grants
Proof ofConcept
Investor funded
Accelerator
ProductProof
Investorfunded
RevenueGeneration
Self orInvestorfunded
Growth /Cash
Generation
Up to $250K for research/startup partnerships with an explicit goal of raising private capital within 18 months.
Confidential: not for distribution. © 2008 Perpetua Power Source Technologies, Inc.
Harvesting Energy Through Temperature ChangesPerpetua™ Flexible Thermoelectric Film technology is a leap forward in delivering renewable energy through temperature changes. Perpetua manufactures a flexible, lightweight, thin-film material that can be easily applied in various wireless sensor environments.
Perpetua’s proprietary process deposits thin semiconductors onto a flexible substrate
Perpetua’s flexible film can be integrated into a wide variety of package sizes and shapes
Thermoelectric generators convert temperature differences across dissimilar materials into a voltage
Renewable Thermoelectric Energy For Wireless Sensors
Confidential: not for distribution. © 2008 Perpetua Power Source Technologies, Inc.
Renewable & Reliable Wireless Sensor Power Modules
• Useful electricity from temperature differences as small as 2º C, with extremely long operating lives
• Simple ‘plug & play’ interface: constant voltage output over temperature and age
• Green energy: no chemicals and much longer life
• Can operate in extreme temperature environments to allow operation beyond most battery thresholds
• Indoor/outdoor/day/night applications
Plug and Play Wireless Sensor Power Solution
Typically, Perpetua Flexible Thermoelectric Film can save companies 50% or more compared to current systems and allow moresensor data to be collected.
Water Flow
Regeneration FlowRegeneration Flow
Crystal Clear NMXTM Technology
SePbAs
HgCu
• Low cost substrate
• NMXTM nano-coating (patent pending)
• Remove targeted contaminants
• Regeneration capability
• No waste stream
U
PbAs
Se
HgCu
As
Cu
H
H O
H
H O
H
H O
H
H O
Crystal Clear Technologies
Confidential: not for distribution. © 2008 Perpetua Power Source Technologies, Inc. 04/03/2008 2008© Crystal Clear Technologies, Inc. 71
Introducing NMXTM Filter Media
Technology Features and Benefits● Removal & recycle of heavy metals to meet drinking water standards● High adsorbent capacity● In-place regeneration capability up to 7 times to dramatically enhance capacity and reduce cost.● Ability to “functionalize” other substrates to enable metal removal.● Recover & recycle or non-hazardous disposal as solid waste.
Applications● Home Point of Use or Point of Entry ● Distributed Purification Systems● Industrial - recycle process water● Municipal water treatment● Media specific applications
Capacity:
≥ 8 times conventional media.
Microreactor Solutions
• Microstructured technology platform enables:• State of the art mixing • Extremely small internal volume• Multiple orders of magnitude increase in
surface area to volume ratio from batch• Laminar flow mixing• Low pressure drop• Multiple steps capable in one reactor
Microreactor-Assisted Nanoparticle DepositionTM
New Nanotechnology Opportunities [Chang/Paul 2006]
• Opportunities– Nanocomposite films (e.g. CIS QDs) – Motheye ARCs (ceria NPs)
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEWCIS QDs
400 nm
nanostructured ceria
Color-retouched SEM of a moth’s compound eye
10 20 30 40 50 60
Cou
nts
per s
econ
d
substrate
222
111
CdS
2 θ (degrees)
Highly oriented nanocrystalline CdS thin films deposited from a continuous flow microreactorat low temperature (85oC; No further annealing).
Microreactor-Assisted Solution DepositionTM
Replacing Current Process Steps [Chang 2006]
• Opportunities– PV buffer layer– LCD backplane
76
Nano-Particle
3 mm3 mm
Innovative Tools
Smart Grids™
Proprietary platform integrates capabilities of electron microscopy, surface science, electrical/optical characterization, and bioevaluation into one.
Direct correlation of structure-chemistry-function properties from a single sample.
Precision engineered nanoparticlesfor controlled compatibility.
Self assembled 2-D and 3-D arraysof nanoparticles through novel linkers.
Markets: medicine, energy, electronics, materials.
= Revolutionary Products
Functionalized nanoparticle coatings
Dune Sciences – a Green Nano “pure play”
Confidential: not for distribution. © 2008 Perpetua Power Source Technologies, Inc.
Using LinkedON™ technology, Dune Sciences can tether nanomaterials to almost any surface, in one-, two- and even three-dimensions. Applications include electronics, optical applications, catalysis, bioactive surfaces, and printed circuits. Current products span LinkedON Silver™, LinkedON Gold™, LinkedON Copper™ and LinkedON Antimicrobials™
78
Green Device Fabrication(Keszler, Johnson et al; Inpria Corp.)
Solution-DepositedHafSOx – ZircSOx
Nanolaminate
30 nm
15 nm
30 nm30 nm
15 nm
Electron-Beam Writingof Oxide Film
Solution-processed, atomically dense, atomically smooth inorganic films for multiple (electronic, optical, energetic) applications
Metal nanocluster precursors forpreviously unattainable films
