the crusades
TRANSCRIPT
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E. Napp
The Crusades
In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:
Pilgrim
Crusades
Students will also be able to explain one cause of the Crusades and one effect of the Crusades.
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Role of Church in the Middle Ages
• Never was there a time when the Church was so powerful in Western Civilization.
• The Church was led by popes. Priests and nuns converted, gave care to people
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Role of Church
• Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms the Church was one organization that had respect and power.
• Popes were more powerful than kings!
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E. Napp
Muslim Conquest
• In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.
• Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.
• As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant.
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E. Napp
In the seventh century, Muslims conqueredPalestine.
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E. Napp
Christianswanted to visitthe land where
Jesus was born.When a person
travels forreligious
purposes, heis a pilgrim.
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E. Napp
Rumors and Intolerance
• As the years passed, reports spread that Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and destroyed churches.
• European Christians were also increasingly intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy Land.
• As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.
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E. Napp
After a callFor help from
Byzantine Emperor,
Pope Urban IIcalled for
a crusade, 1095.
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E. Napp
Thousands of Europeans
joined the Crusades. Some
joined for the promise of Heaven.
Others joinedhoping for wealth.
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E. Napp
Crusadersoften wore
a crosson their
breastplate.
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The Crusades• There were a total of 9 Crusades two were not
sanctioned by the pope• First Crusade began in 1059; last one ends in
1272• Crusaders marched to Constantinople killing and
looting along the way• Crusaders take Jerusalem in 1099• Need Second Crusade to hold it• Jerusalem falls to Muslims in 1187• Fourth Crusade to retake; sack Constantinople
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E. Napp
European crusaders went to the Holy Land.
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The CrusadesCrusade—a “holy war”
Goals of the Crusades• Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite
Christianity• Kings use the Crusades to send away knights who
cause trouble• Younger sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting• Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth
through trade• Pope promises Crusaders who die a place in heaven• First Crusade: capture Jerusalem and lands along
coast in 1099
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The Crusades continuedThe Third Crusade• Richard the Lion-Hearted—king of England• Phillip II of France abandons Crusade after arguing with Richard• Frederick I of Germany drowns during the journey• In 1192 Richard and Saladin make peace after many battles• Saladin keeps Jerusalem but allows Christian pilgrims to enter city The Children’s Crusade• In 1212 thousands of children die or are enslaved in failed
crusadeA Spanish Crusade• Most of Spain controlled by Moors, a Muslim people• Christians fight Reconquista—drive Muslims from Spain, 1100 to
1492• Spain has Inquisition—court to suppress heresy; expels non-
Christians
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Short Tem Effects
• Temporary gains in land
• show power of Church in convincing thousands to fight
• Women more freedom
• Inflation, peasants riot for higher wages
• Persecution of Jews in Europe and Middle East
Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects Failure of later crusades
weakens pope Rise of Nations (Countries) Strengthening of power of
Kings End of Feudalism Improved trade with East Revival in learning and spread
of knowledge Intolerance and brutality of
both sides creates lasting hate.
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E. Napp
Europeans learned about Arab art,architecture, medicine, and mathematics.