The Crusades

Introduction

• Modern Significance of the Crusades

Introduction

• Modern Significance of the Crusades• Birth of European Expansionism?– Population pressure– Not the only crusade…

Introduction

• Modern Significance of the Crusades• Birth of European Expansionism?– Population pressure– Not the only crusade…

• Themes in Crusades– Different Motivations– Power of Christianity– Internal Tensions

Background

• Rise of the Seljuk Turks

Background

• Rise of the Seljuk Turks• Pope Urban II

Pope Urban II’s Speech (1095)

• What does Pope say about Persians (Muslims)?

• What about those “hindered by love of children”?

• Connected to European expansion?• Controlling Noble Violence?• Religious Salvation?

Causes of the Crusades

• Search for Causation

Causes of the Crusades

• Search for Causation• Piety– Pilgrimage and Indulgence– Recovering the Holy Land– Church as great unifier

Causes of the Crusades• Search for Causation• Piety

– Pilgrimage and Indulgence– Recovering the Holy Land– Church as great unifier

• “Secular” Factors– “Pull” from Palestine– “Push” from Europe

• Search for land• Feudal obligations• Debts

– Problem of Noble Violence

Causes of the Crusades

• Search for Causation• Piety• “Secular” Factors• So what was it?– Religious Emphasis– Depended on person

The People’s Crusade

• Some can’t wait…• Undisciplined Mob• Anti-Jewish Violence• Tensions with Hungarians and Byz’s• Fate of Crusade

First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade)

• Internal Divisions• Problems with Byzantines• Crusader Victories– Crusader States

First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade)

• Internal Divisions• Problems with Byzantines• Crusader Victories– Crusader States

First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade)

• Internal Divisions• Problems with Byzantines• Crusader Victories– Crusader States– Sack of Jerusalem (1099)

(M)en rode in blood up to their knees and bridle reins. Indeed, it was a just and splendid judgment of God, that this place should be filled with the blood of the unbelievers, when it had suffered so long from their blasphemies."—Foucher de Chartes

First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade)

• Internal Divisions• Problems with Byzantines• Crusader Victories• Summary

Later Crusades

• Numerous Crusades

Later Crusades

• Numerous Crusades• Problems for Crusaders– Surrounded and Outnumbered– Old vs. New Crusaders– Divided Crusader states– Italian City-States

Later Crusades

• Numerous Crusades• Problems for Crusaders• Fall of the Crusader States

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html

Later Crusades

• Numerous Crusades• Problems for Crusaders• Fall of the Crusader States• Interest Fizzles

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html

Results and Legacy of the Crusades

• Effect on the Arabs

Results and Legacy of the Crusades

• Effect on the Arabs• Effect on the Europeans– Intellectual Impact– Trade Impact– Hardened Cultural/Political Barriers

Results and Legacy of the Crusades

• Effect on the Arabs• Effect on the Europeans• Prelude to Expansion?