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The Cultivated Campus Five IDEAS to strengthen SUNYs CORE SUNY Sustainability Conference 2013 Samina Raja, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning Principal Investigator, Food Systems Planning and Healthy Communities Lab School of Architecture and Planning University at Buffalo, The State University of New York 1

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Outline Why care about sustainable food systems Four IDEAS for SUNY campuses A new initiative - Growing Food Connections 2

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How the Food System works 3 Resources | land, water, sun, Actors | farmers, people, bees, businesses, Policies | federal, state, local Technology | food, transport, media, History and culture | .. Food production Food processors and manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors Retail and restaurants Consumption Disposal

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4 How the Food System works doesnt work 5 reasons

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Consolidation 5 INSERT BOTTLENECK IN THE FOOD SYSTEM IMAGE/DIAGRAM 1 Farmers & ranchers Food processors, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors 2,100,000 59,000 The food system that serves 311,590,000 people in the US looks like this Retailers and restaurants 790,000 Number of entities

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Consolidation 6 INSERT BOTTLENECK IN THE FOOD SYSTEM IMAGE/DIAGRAM 1 $375,000,000,000 $1,140,000,000,000 The food system that serves 311,590,000 people in the US looks like this $1,128,000,000,000 Sales revenue Farmers & ranchers Food processors, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors Retailers and restaurants

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7 Winners and losers 2 Farms & agribusiness Food processing PackagingTransportation Retail Trade Food ServicesEnergy 12 19 Other comprises advertising (2) and legal and accounting (1.8) Source: USDA, Economic Research Service 4 14 38 7 4 Numbers may not add to 1.00 due to rounding Finance & Insurance Other

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8 Education Vs. Marketing 3 ALL USDA spending on nutrition education (including research) Advertising dollars spent on three products $300,000,000 $371,400,000

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9 Profit over health 4 Price we pay for the same caloric content $6 $1 High nutrition Low nutrition VS HIGH profit LOW profit

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10 Public Health Consequences 4

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BMI levels among college students Public Health Consequences 4

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12 Non-systemic view 5

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Why the Cultivated Campus? SUNY campuses are a place-based community where nearly half a million students study, EAT, work, play, and live (within 30 miles) Campus food systems have the potential to serve SUNYs CORE mission Curriculum Operations Research Engagement 13

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The Cultivated Campus Five IDEAS 14

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The Cultivated Campus I ntegrate CORE to build campus food systems 15

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The Cultivated Campus D emonstrate on-site Procurement from within a 30-mile radius Land for university community garden(s) Farm-to-cafeteria initiatives Vendors that strengthen the food system 16

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The Cultivated Campus E ducate (not just) through curriculum Focus on administrators, faculty, and students 17

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The Cultivated Campus A ssess progress using tangible, agreed-upon, metrics (we do it to our students) Production| Produce grown on campus or % procured locally Distribution| % of food cooked/served on campus with locally grown produce Consumption| % of fruits and vegetable consumed by students on campus Disposal| % of food-waste composed and re-used 18

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The Cultivated Campus S ustain through long term institutional policies 19

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Thank you Additional information at www.foodsystemsplanning.ap.buffalo.edu 20

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RESEARCH A New Initiative at UB EDUCATION POLICY & PRACTICE growingfoodconnections.org Promote community food security and agricultural viability

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growingfoodconnections.org

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Change is happening 26 Buffalo NY

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Change is happening 27 Buffalo NY

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Story of Buffalo 28 Located on the shores of Lake Erie Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, noted landscape architect and public health advocate About a quarter million people live in the city; about a quarter of Buffalonians are children

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Story of Buffalo 29 A majority of Buffalonians are white 60% of children are non-white 52% 60%

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Story of Buffalo Challenges Persistent food insecurity and poor diet especially among children High incidence of diet-related risk factors and disease High poverty rates and low median income Low educational attainment Abundant vacant land Broken food system DRAFT DO NOT DISTRIBUTE, COPY, OR SHARE WITHOUT PERMISSION 30

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Story of Buffalo 31 Rebuilding the food system from the ground up

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Food System Education: Working on Other Local Farms

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Story of Buffalo 1992 Coalition of residents self-organize on Massachusetts Avenue 2000 Massachusetts Avenue Project incorporated 2001 2002 MAP begins collaborating with UB 2003 Growing Green launched Commissions and publishes Food for Growth 2004 Establishes a farm stand in the neighborhood Establishes a stand in a neighborhood senior center 2005 Co-launches the Healthy Eating by Design-Buffalo partnership 2006 2007 Pilots an aquaponics facility in the countys first straw-bale greenhouse Pilots a mobile market Co-founds Healthy Kids, Healthy Communities-Buffalo partnership 2008 Appointed to municipal Community Gardens Advisory Task Force 2009 2010 Builds a hoop house and commercial aquaponics facility Advocates for a chicken ordinance 2011 Co-convenes the first Buffalo Food Policy Summit Trains youth to participate in the Green Code process Participates as a stakeholder in the Green Code process Awarded state grant for a new mobile market vehicle 2012 Trains youth to assess neighborhood food environments (with HKHC-Buffalo partnership) Appointed to the steering committee to develop Food Policy Council structure 2013 Food Policy Council established!!!!! 33

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Story of Buffalo 35

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Story of Buffalo Rebuilding the food system from the ground up DRAFT DO NOT DISTRIBUTE, COPY, OR SHARE WITHOUT PERMISSION 38

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Story of Buffalo Where does urban and regional planning and policy fit in? 41

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Story of Buffalo MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE PROJECTCITY OFBUFFALO Coalition of residents self-organize on Massachusetts Avenue 1992 Massachusetts Avenue Project incorporated 2000 2001 MAP begins collaborating with UB 2002 Growing Green launched Commissions and publishes Food for Growth 2003 Establishes a farm stand in the neighborhood Establishes a produce stand in a Senior Center 2004 Co-launches the Healthy Eating by Design-Buffalo partnership 2005 2006 Comprehensive Plan adopted (no mention of food) Pilots an aquaponics facility in a straw-bale greenhouse Pilots a mobile market Co-founds Healthy Kids, Healthy Communities-Buffalo (HKHC-Buffalo) 2007 Appointed to municipal Community Gardens Advisory Task Force 2008 Community Gardens Advisory Task Force appointed Task Force commissions community gardens planning report Resolution Number 137 supporting community gardens passed Lease with a new urban farm signed 2009 Builds a hoop house and commercial aquaponics facility Advocates for a chicken ordinance 2010 Resolution supporting community gardens passed Co-convenes the first Buffalo Food Policy Summit Trains youth to participate in the Green Code process Awarded state grant for a new mobile market vehicle 2011 Mayor launches process to overhaul its dated zoning code Draft land use plan mentions urban agriculture Trains youth to assess neighborhood food environments (with HKHC- Buffalo) Serves on Food Policy Council Steering Committee 2012 42

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Story of Buffalo 43 Where does municipal government planning and policy fit in?

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Story of Buffalo 44 Where does municipal government planning and policy fit in? Food-blind Oppositional Cautiously engaged

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Thank you for your attention Questions 45

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Street car suburbs 18401860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 2010 Zoning upheld 1926 1850 Sanitary reform BacteriologyMiasma theory City Beautiful Suburbanization 1930 1940 1950 Trolley car 1887 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Rise in chronic disease APA Food system policy 2007 Housing reform Where does planning fit in? Grain elevator 1943 Interstate Highway Act 1956 National Environment Protection Act of 1969

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Planners are responding help them respond better 47 Planning [] works to improve the welfare of people and their communities by creating more convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive places for present and future generations. Good planning helps create communities that offer better choices for where and how people live. American Planning Association

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Planning basics 48 Municipal, county, and regional governments have numerous tools and techniques PLANS General/Comprehensive Land Use Plans Climate Action Plans Environmental Plans Transportation Plans POLICY IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS Regulatory tools Fiscal tools Physical infrastructure Public programs Governance tools

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Planning process 49 SETTING THE TABLE Existing Plan (s) Assessment Draft Plan Review Adoption of Final Plan Planning staff Elected officials Consultants Community Advisors Visioning PLANNINGIMPLEMENTATION

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Planning process 50 SETTING THE TABLE Existing Plan (s) Assessment Draft Plan Review Adoption of Final Plan Planning staff Elected officials Consultants Community Advisors Visioning PLANNINGIMPLEMENTATION POLICY TOOLS Regulatory Fiscal Physical infrastructure Public programs Governance tools

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Menu of tools 51 Regulations Zoning (permit food production) Cleveland Land easements (protect agricultural land permanently) WI, PA Subdivision regulations (set aside land for community gardens) Madison Fiscal tools Density bonus (incentivize healthy food retail development) New York Procurement policies (increase demand for healthy food) King County Licensing (incentivize healthy food retail businesses) Minneapolis Grants and loans (incentivize healthy food retail) PA, NY Physical infrastructure Food hubs (adaptive re-use of buildings for aggregation facilities) WNY Programs Community gardening programs Seattle Workforce development for new/refugee/immigrant farmers Marin County Governance mechanisms Food policy councils Buffalo-Erie County

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Issues to consider 52 1. Is the planning tool community-led or community- placed? 2. Is there a state enabling/restrictive legislation? 3. Is the regional context appropriate? [Urban versus Rural] 4. Is the jurisdictional scale appropriate for the policy tool? [City versus County] 5. Is the tool supporting the food system? 6. What is the potential downside?

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Deeper Dive 53 Review the plan excerpts in small groups Report back to large group

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growingfoodconnections.org BUILDING LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY TO STRENGTHEN FOOD SYSTEMS A New Initiative and Opportunity

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RESEARCH Strategies Policy and planning barriers, innovations, and tools. growingfoodconnections.org

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Strategies growingfoodconnections.org POLICY & PRACTICE Build food policy capacity Local governments Planners and policy makers Community food system stakeholders

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Strategies EDUCATION Strengthen food systems planning education Graduate curriculum Coursework in partner universities Doctoral fellowship and training in food systems planning growingfoodconnections.org