the cushite or the descendants of ham as found in the sacred scriptures and in the writings of...
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O H A M
S AC R D S C RI PT UR S A N D
O A N C I N T
O T S
R I ST I AN R A .
. D. , P h. D .
S. :
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ofCongress,intheyear1R93,
,
nofCongress,at Washington.
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heba, 122
, So , Tirhakah, bed-Melech,
anNations, - - . 143
ya, - -- - -148
st theNegroModern, - . 154
C ushite , .. . -162
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nsonsays: orthelast three
asbeenmainlyindebtedfor its
candIndo- uropeanraces;
first ages. gypt and
imrod bothdescendantso fHam
dactedasthepioneerso fmank indin
dsofart,literature andscience.
omy,history,chronology,
ulpture,navigation,agriculture,
l ltohavehadthe irorigininone
tries, iveGreat Monarchies,
etonReview( uly,1878),
The thiopianrace, f romw hom
canstockare undoubtedly
arlyahistory asany
ftheearth.H istoryas
scoveries,givesthemaplace
ckas gypt herself;ifnot
citedtoshow that theNegro s
ay,andactedas thepioneersof
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roddenfieldsofcivilization;
onablelimit forthesewordsof
nion amongscholarsasto
nofthe ancient thiopians
not unanimouslyconcededthat
f t he N e g r o t yp e t h at t h ey
samestockfromwhichthe
ile,theSoudan,theN iger,
nded.TherearemanyAfrico-
t believethat theancient
candN igritianregionsofAfrica
softheslaveswhoforcenturies
West Coast ofAfrica.Millions
theworldholdthesameopinion,
gorouslydefendit inprivate
ech,andinpublishedwriting.
t thesepeoplereadhistory,
withtheirprejudices.
meofthedescendantsof
ckpeople,evenin theearliest
lus, that theetymological
amis,swarthy;andthat
pliedtoadescendant ofthe
eks,meansblack,burnt.So
ncient ancestryofthemodern
beenablyarguedby Dr.
ndColor.
egroisdifferent fromthat of
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llydescribedas woolly.
It hasdescendedtohimfrom
Herodotus, thefathero f
ribedthreethousandyearsagoas
orecurly thanthat o fanyother
black incomple ionandw oo llyhaired. "
inguishthedifferent
w,inhairandcolor, theancient
ndtheN iger,whogavecivili-
Rome,weree act typesofthe
ncientsdifferonlyinthis, that
vilization.Theirdescendants,
t largely,represent to-day
m.And,becauseofthisfact,it
ein thenobilityofhis ancestry.
downintoSouthernAfrica,and
erent changeofenvironment
thiopiannecessarilyaltered
fe.Thosewhoseeno con-
adedmodernAfricanandthe
thiopian,forget that for
sufferedfromthecupidityof the
leaguewithdeathandthecovenant
swhitebrotherenteredagainst
ar that thepresent condition
rect result ofclimate,andmore
eslavetrade.
racialconditionisnot e ceptional
Otherraceshavebeenslaves
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Whiteslaveswerecommonin
erosaysofthe ancestorsofthe
ericans,that acertainRoman
dnoplunderinB ritainbut slaves
.
erewehaveacontemptuous
eanddegradedpeoplesome-
swhichareheldand e pressed
o-Americansto-day.Remem-
how wonderfullythepeopleof
edeepest depthstothehighest
htheaudacityoffaithlook forward
ecoloredpeople,whoarea
ericanpopulation,andtothe
icashallagaintakeher place
nentsandpeople.
, soablyandlearnedlypresented
N egroscholar,whohasgiven
ubject,willproveinvaluableto
wuw hat istruthf A ndmore;
nt ofanoblermanhood,
nwhichit imparts,andbecause
willarouse.
nLiteraryUnion.
pempraedsenisie mancipii, e quibusnullos
seruditose spectare . C icerotoA tticus,
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nthew orld, ' saysDr. Michael
s N ubiaandAbyssinia,umore
yandscholarthan that which
tsas E thiopiaabove gypt, the
e present day.It wasuniver-
sand philosophersofGreece
whichat alaterperiod covered
hswithso manywonderful
sereligiousrightswhich,after
hepriests ofThebes,were
ofH omerandV irgilasthe
Themorelearnedamong
wnearlyunanimousinthe opinion
ecture,aswell asofreligious
om thiopiato gypt; rece iving
ressdownward,tillat length
edat Diospolis,inthepalaceof
leo f upiterA mmon. Osy -
amew ithMemnon, the thi-
war; byothers,tobethe
toshowin thefollowingpages
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piansand gyptianswereCushites,
romtheraceofH ani.Ihavebriefly
ofthe humanfamilyfromthe
tianepoch;takingsomenotice
esoftheChristianera,and
t thepresent time.It isafield
that Iamawareof,has so
mselfandasthoroughlye plored.
at Icanclaimoriginality.
res intheoriginalte t forlight
eelyquoted theopinionsof
theyseemedtometobe
madmittedfacts.Thisneces-
andmorefrequentlyin thought.
DeLanoye sB arnesestheGreat,
ocris, the thiopianQueenof
st rulero f thesi thMemphite
Weshouldnot speakof
rodotushadnot mentionedheras
hichwouldindicateanintrusion
bout that period. N ow , asa
smentionsnothingofthekind.
w a inlovvo/acctjv r/ ri it f ia< 5i E v6E
irco pii,andthenameofthis woman
asthat oftheB abylonianQ ueen,
themodern gyptologist
intheblackman,but finds
hiteman,delightsto robeall
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Theoldmonarchsaremadeto
recianandRomanmould,and
ceofAsia,andto theAnglo-
myisarousedfromhis ancient
heart ofPythagorean
itemummywithalookofdis-
he N egroisnot init.Ifat
of gyptianmonarchs,in
hereas acaptive,asuppliant,
ushite soconspicuousin
ofthenomadicArabian.
oftheH ebrews, thiopian
iger o f theR omans, area ll
o rany thinge cept aN egro .
detosignify curlingringlets, or
t popular f rizz o fC aucasian
ericanslavery,anyAnglo-
rmovedhispeninthe interest
dAfrican,that manwasmarked,
heoffensivelyarrogant pro-
ereinfected withtheleprosy.
eatruerecordof thesonsofHam
rket forhisbook.Thepress,
publisherwereallagainst the
efactsof hisancient greatness.
anwroteforwhitemen;and
writeforblackmen,andgive
kamongthe historicpeoples
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penbeguidedby truthand
dreasonabledoubt,asI
gyptians, thiopians,and
avorablymentionedbyboth
ansofthedays ofMosesandthe
orsofthepresent raceofH am,
eteenthcenturymaypoint to
all whowouldfindinhima
hehopeof areturnofracial
ofaChristiancivilization,
herhandsuntoGod.
u n e, 1 8 93 . , R. L . P .
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rd sandthefulnessthereof ; thew orld, and
he hathfoundedit upontheseasand
ods, and hathmadeofoneblooda ll
P s a. . x i v . 1, 2 . A ct s v i i. 2 , 6 .
newhosetruthwemust not
eph scoat, thepeoplesof theearth
iousethnologicaltypes.N at-
shavedividedmenintocertain
races. C uv ier, says
aces;Pritchard,seven;Agassiz,
ndB lumenbach,five, asgiven
smadethe basisofclaims
benevolent Christiandoctrine
hoodofthe humanfamily,and
atural historyorinthe science
stomanasa genericunit.
natureofthelife,and the
ns,who,whileruling,areover-
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st what theysow,themost
habout theirownsuperiority
condnature.Thenthey
eirreligion,andput it intheir
bytheirchildren; andtheyta
makea pleasingpictorial
andanabominablecaricatureof
uldsubordinateandrob.The
rohavebeenhereandthere
ntinglyfoldthat theyare
subordinationistheirnormal
hethoughtfulN egrotolook
torsand traceuphislineagein
ingofancestral greatnesswith
gtaunt,andwhichmaykindle
meofprideofrace.
enmadebynature scolor-
hew hite , theblack andtheye llow ,
ancestralheads, apheth.H am
f ancient N oah.
avedone theN egro
vebeenconsciousofthee -
theirethnologicalwritings;
ct that theyhaveegregiously
he Cushites,ortheH amitic
y,byerroneousstatement on
truthontheother. urope,
ntingcovetousShemandpre-
glyjoinedhandstoenrichthem-
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ng,andenslavingAfrica,the
andf if ty -si yearsafterthe
esinthebook ofGenesis,
ceivedchronology,therewasa
hichdestroyedeverybodybut
y,consistingofhimself andwife,
ives, just e ight persons. B y
orldwasrepeopledaswesee it
ndethnologicalvariety;different
edoverit likethefishesofthe
ndthebeastsofthe forest.
ereaderallthe progenitors
oplesoftheearth havede-
holeofthetenthchapterof
ancient andreliableethno-
orians.
ra tionsof thesonsofNoah;
heth; anduntothemw eresonsborn
apheth;Gomer,andMagog,
andTubal,andMeshech,and
mer;Ashkenaz,and iphath,
onsof avan; lishah, and
uthorityofA rchbishop e li , o fOrleans,
Ma jorM. R. Delany, by rank A . Ro ll in, page
and, rance, andPortuga l, enteredintoa
nslavethe African.Theinfamouscon-
yPiusII.in 1482;byPaulIII.in 1557;bv
enedict X IV . in1741: andbyGregoryX V I.
ybewrong,but not thefacts.
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aanim.B ytheseweretheisles
heirlands;everyoneafterhis
sintheir nations.
ush,andMizraim,andPhut,
of Cush:Seba,andH avilah,
andSabtecha;andthesonsof
an.AndCushbegat Nimrod:
one intheearth. Hew asa
ord:whereforeit issaid, ven
nterbeforetheLord.And the
w asB abel, and rcch, and
andofShinar.Out ofthat
dbuildedN inevehandthecity
ResenbetweenN inevehand
t city.AndMizraimbegat
ehabim,andN aphtuhim,
him,(out ofwhomcamePhilis-
Canaanbegat Sidonhis
ndthe ebusite , andtheA morite ,
ivite,andtheArkite,and
e,and theZ emarite,andthe
rdswerethefamiliesofthe
d.Andtheborderofthe
n,asthoucomest toGerar,unto
odom,andGomorrah,and
enuntoLasha.Thesearethesons
es,aftertheirtongues,in their
ns.
ro fa llthechildrenof ber,
hee lder, eventohimw erechil-
hem; lam,andAsshur,and
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dA ram. A ndthechildrenof
Gcther,andMash.And
andSalahbegat ber.Andunto
:the nameofonewasPeleg;for
ivided;andhisbrother sname
tanbegat A lmodad, andSheleph,
erah, andHadoram, andUza l,
Abimael,andSheba,and
d obab: a llthesewerethesonsof
ngwasfromMesha,asthou
nt oftheeast.Thesearethe
milies,aftertheir tongues,in
ns.Theseare thefamiliesof
heirgenerations,intheirnations:
ons dividedintheearthafter
verses,thirtyofwhich are
aphethisdisposedofin just
even,whileH am,thegreat head
es,takesupfifteenverses,or
aphethput together. Thisisa
amiticbranchesofthehuman
ousviewthroughout allthe
blehistory.
sisgives usastartingpoint
he primarydivisionsofmen
line,thewhite,theyellow,and
gforthe irrespectiveancestra lheads,
m; andforthe ircountries, urope,
ible , compiledfortheA merican
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b y . W . an d . A . A le a n de r o f
1830,givesan ethnographic
sonsofN oah,sojust andclear
TSO APH E TH .
merians,onthenorthern
F romhimdescended, 1. A shk enas;
own,but conjecturedtobe
lackSea.2.Siphath;the
rangeofmountains.3.Togar-
nhabitantsofCaucasus,
ries:Scythians.
s , Gr e ek s . F r o m h i m, 1 . l i sl i a;
nse.2.Tarshish;Tartesus
ypriansandotherIslanders,
odanin;theDodaniansin
fPontus.
ofthe Moschianmountains,
andPontus.
orpeople upontheDniester.
TSOP H AM.
andSouthA rabians. F rom
rod;thefirst kingofShinar,or
amia,wherehebuilt thecitiesof
oe. (See thiopia . )3. Hav ilah;
Arabia.4.Sabtah;Sabotain
RhegmainSouth-eastern
mR aamahcome, (1. )Shebah; probably
;Daden,an islandinthe
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ontheeast coast of thiopia.
ns. F romMizra imcome,
obablyAfrican nations.
ans.4.N aphtuhim;between
usim;inPathrures,a part of
C o lchians. " Out ofw hom
ePhilistines.(2.)Caphtorim;
orMoors.
inhabitantso fPa lestine .
d,1.TheSidonians;orPhenicians.
ebron. 3. The ebusites, inand
eAmorites,east andwest ofthe
s.6.The H ivites,at the
rkites,at thefoot ofLebanon.
nofLebanon.9.The
nislandArabus,andthe
emarites,ofthePheniciancity
ites, o f piphania , onthe
TSO SH E M.
methe inhabitantso f lymais
northernpart o fSy ria, (A rra -
mhimcame, Salah; w hosedescendant w as,
ebrews,andfromhimcame,
n; ancestoro f thefo llow ingA rab
)Sfieleph;SelapenesinSouth
th; o fHadramaut. (4.) erah;
am.(6.)Uzal;SanaainSouth
Obal(9.)Abimael.(10.)
uthArabia.(11.)Ophir ;
a.(12.)H avilah;ofH aulan.
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abites, betw eenH adramaut and
ofsome thiopianpeople .
Mesopotamians. romA ram
A rabiaDeserta. 2. H ul; perhaps
.Mash;theinhabitantsof
esibis.
fthedescendantsofeither
reassignedtoA frica . Ludis
probablytheoriginofsome
t that opinioncannot besustained.
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N T S O C US H I T S . 19
N T S O C US H IT S .
syoungest son, (Gen. v . 32:
rteenthchapterofGenesisand
nof acountryinwhichthe
Ham; but itsgeographical
termined.It wassomewhere
dthereH ammayhavelivedlong
e.B ut hefinallywent to
nedMizraimhisgrandson;for
aaccordingtoPlutach;Chemi
zC ham, or the landofHam
cv.23 ;cv.22.)Though
misplacedbeforehimin the
probablyonaccount ofhis
se ldest son. Hew asthefather
ah,Sabtah,RaamahandSabtecha;
baandDedan.H isnameis
ndicatingthemigratorycourses
obablethat hedwelt in
hhissonN imrodwhobuilt o r
reat cityofB abylon.H oand
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thandsouth-east tillfinally
adthemselvesoverthenorth-
andcentralAfrica,givingthe
ortionofA f rica, southof gypt.
nofbut fewcountriesmen-
ausedmorelearneddiscussion
eH ebrew,Aithiopiainthe
,intheV ulgate,andMohrendland,
tryoftheB lacks),intheGerman
minent authoritieswidelydiffer.
ithsomewriters(blindedby
yprevailingopinion),therewas
eplacesande pla indif f icult iesin
babilitythat thefrequent men-
u sh i te s , E t h io p ia , a nd E t h io -
Scriptures, hasany referenceto
dertakefurtheron toprovewith
hentheinspiredwritersof the
C ushites, o f thiopiaandthe thi-
dofH amandthesonsof
condamongthesonsof H am,
asfathero fLudim, A namim,
athrusim,andCasluhim,from
dthePhilistinesandCaphtorim.
min gypt ismadesoclearby
riptures,in ancient history
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N T S O C US H IT S .2 1
tersofeitherancient ormodern
puteit.
m,settledinnorthernAfrica
heprogenitorofa great multitude
scendantsofLudim andLeha-
outhwardandwestwardtothe
hiopiaandtotheAtlantic. In
brewScriptureswherethename
orthepeoplethereof,it is
n d L i by a ns ; a l th o ug h L i by a
ediatelyfromLubim,translated
. 43, orf romLehabim, the
Lubim. B ut in eremiah
heHebrew istransla ted Libyans,
. 5 , a nd x x v i ii . 5 , th e s am e wo r d is
3ia isdefinedbyR oy , as A n
ia. Thisclearlylocatesthe
fthe thirdsonofH am.
hat Libyais saidbymost of
mefromanativewomanofthe
edfromLubim,it shouldbe
am,withhisdescendants,
st o f theriver ordanandthe
adwest totheMediterranean,
ndnorthto Mount Libanus.
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ndPhoenicia.It tookthe
wassubsequentlycalled(2) The
useGodhadgraciouslypromised
rchsAbraham,Isaacand acob;
because oshuahaddiv idedit
4) TheLandof udea, a f ter
romthe irB aby loniancaptiv ity,
edweremostlyofthetribe of
e anamegivento it by the
ohadcommercialintercourse
6) TheHolyLand, by
hepreciousnameandwonderful
esus, theC hrist. o rthe
undsof theirhabitation,see
1 9.
im,Phut andCanaan,or
at grandchildrenofH am,
ographicaldirectionstakenby
hand belongedtothesecond
a idthefoundationofB aby lonia
ordingtothereadingof the
nslationoftheoriginal; and
saftertheflood.There in
beginningofempiresandthe
unders.
est sonofC ush, Gen. .
wasafruitfulvine. H e
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N T S O C CS H I T S . 23
esternArabiaalongthe
ea,and finallysettledin
that hisoffspringarereferred
14.Sebagavehisnameto the
yinAfrica afterwardsknown
ndgrandsonofCush,(Gen. .
Arabiaandsubsequentlyin
ushor thiopia.
basbelongingtothe Semitic
tward,asIwilltry toshow
thecountryofthequeenthat
ofRaamahandgrand-
but therewasanother,sonof
ofA brahamby eturah, (Gen.
reweredif ferent tribesk now nas
danfollowedthecurrent ofthe
vinghisnamebehindhim,
x x v i ii . 1 3.
mah,andSabtecha,other
courseof theMizraimitesto
ypt,andspreadalongtheeastern
iblyto thee tremesouth.
aimandgrandsonofH am.
f rican Lydians andhis
e Libyans w eredescended.
, whowastheancestorofthe
erncoast ofAsiaMinor;and
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sof Lydians maycause
udgment tothecarelessstudent
imorLydiansof Africaare
( lv i. 9)w henhesays: C ome
chariots;andlet themighty
iopiansandtheLibyans,that
ydians,that handleandbend
L i by a ns , a n d L y di a ns , t h e
DID andD" " ] ^ (C ush, Phut and
ntified.
e raceofLehabimor
dinconnectionwiththe notice
andcentralAfrica tothe
rsonsofMizraim,Anamim,
Casluhim(out ofwhomcame
allhadtheirfirst tribalsettle-
ndinthe landofC anaan.
onicles( x i. 16)w ef indthe
earthe thiopians. Thissup-
heldby historiansthat
allysettledbyCushites.
derso f theA rabianGulf , in
stheIndies,in H indoostanand
havebeenfoundunmistakable
te,whoin thecourseoftime
dwiththe Shemiticracethat he
acter e cept incolor.Inre-
ular commercialintercourse
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OPIA .
alplainsofShinar the
eN oachanhouseholdfollowed
ratesandtheTigrisriverssouth-
ast andwest spreadthemselves
the PersianGulf,orpossibly
t,totheAtlanticin thewest.
dCushitesor thiopiansto
al relationship;but onlythe
anent settlement ofthelargest
dphysicaltypeeveracquired
thiopia,andthat wasinAfrica,
writersofsacredandofprofane
aphicallyindefiniteastocall
ces C ush and A ithiojpia .
atheyknewwhat theywere
ust what wemeanwhenwe
w hentheyspok eofan thiopian
meanwhenweusethesame
ClavisLinguaeSanctae
ishedat enain1727,says,under
mChami,Gen.10.6,qui
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OPIA . 27
edit, unde E thiopiaC huschdicta
Cushwasthefirst ofthesons
etothe thiopians, whence
sh. Thepassagereferredto
i . 9 . ) re a ds : T i rh a ka h k in g
eorigina lfo r thiopia isC IS,
hof gypt, embracingNubia
ofthe B lacks.
dwithapertinacitysug-
albias,that thelandofCushor
nlyinArabia,whileotherswith
forcelike Geseniusmaintain
nlyinAfrica. Stillothersfind
thinSouthernA rabiaandin
datepreconceivednotionsand
ialconjecture,inthe absence
osestells usthat hissister
ontook offenceonaccount of
sor thiopianw oman(Num.
rredthat thewomanwas
w asinC ushor thiopia . Were
Didit tak ethemnearlya
t theirbrotherhadmarrieda
edsinceMoses married
bilitywasdead.B esides,the
eturah, tow hichline it is
ed,wereShemiticandnever
ycountrypeopledby them
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raw asaShemiticMidianite ; but
amandAarontospeakagainst
edispleasureof God,wasa
sAnthon,afterlaboringhard
r a n t h io p ia i n A r ab i a an d
his regardfortruthtosay:
beconsideredasclearlyestablished
ne.^ E thiopianrace,andthat
generallyinScripturethat
bove gypt, C ass. Diet. Sub.
A . M. , inhi3 P re-Histork
n1874by theHarperso fNew
ptedchronologyofChristendom
metocreateawonderfulCushite
heArabianshoresof the
anGulf totheeasternborders
ric.B ut hemakesthose
w hitemen, andlocates thiopia
e57:) Intheearly tradition
Greeks,Arabiaisdescribed
C arefulstudentso fantiquitynow
of thiopiaseemtohavebeen
aningwhitemen,andthat the
hapsreally aforeignword
ederivationofthe wordfrom
sa f ruitfulsourceofmisapprehension.
t hi u s: J E t h io p s is a t i tl e o f Z e u s:
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OPIA . 29
thenf romLycophron: da inoav
metheusi thiops,thedaemonor
eappella tion, hesays, hada
noreferencewhatevertocom-
piter What doestheprophet
eask s( i i i . 23) canthe
angehisskin " B esidesinboth
sandLycophron,theword
as anadjectivemakingthe
pithet o f ove, andtheother the
etheus, whollychangingthesense
ekte t.Prometheuswasone
n,whichaccordswiththe his-
ndwhileOlympuswastheabode
countrywas thiopiaand
n theblameless thiopians.
i ah , l i . 9 , fo r t h io p ia n s
u n & a ; a nd i n z e ki e l, x x . 5 ,
thiopiaandLibya , w ehavethe
ushandPhut. Here eremiah
te thiopia inA f rica; andno
raryquirksandquibblescan
the thiopianshadattained
anydistinctionin thehistory
uchforthe modernwhite
to put tothecredit ofthe
egrowithout somechallenge.
It isfosteredbyDeity
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L G PTIAN S.33
G PTIAN S.
original ra therthan
gof thef irst sett lerso f gypt,
sincethe worduancient" is
mi edracethat occupied
othefirst inhabitants.
historiansthat Mizraim,
and,possibly,H amhimself,settled
reis calledDnyo(Mizraim)
C ha m ), t h at i s, M i zr a im o r g y pt
, (Ps. cv. 23; cv i. 22. )Thusit
yB iblica lnamefor gypt is
eryclearlyitsfirst settlement by
et theR ev. Dr. . R . B eard
ansand gyptiansw erenot
egreat Caucasianfamily,
o l. i . p. 600. Doctorsdif fer. In
lopaedia , Rev . . PyeSmith,
peak ingofCush, says: The
rabiansideof theRedSea,then
andsubsequentlye tending
othat C ushite( er. i i i . 23)
anegro. B ut what constitutes
tryandageit requiresnothing
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l led ablack man, orso
rasto beconsideredadescend-
sedin thissameethnicalsense
riginal gyptianswere
ytraditionalhistoryof
t ofChina,Persia,Greeceand
ment bytheH amiticracecannot
yprecipitatejudgment andanim-
ct andinferentialtestimonyof
s t h e la n d of H a m , a s i t i s
d Mizraim how canits
sCaucasianswithout making
eCaucasianrace 1Let Godbe
whocontradictshisword.
byMizra imandhissons, the
athrusim,theCasluhimand
orwasat that timenoone
ndentitywiththeH amitic
yhistoricfact ofthat early
bsequent invasionof
duHycsos, st i l l la terby thePer-
ndGreciansettlementsonthe
odoubt modifiedthephysical
ughintermarriage;but that
omorethanisproducedby the
arryingwiththedaughtersof
ere, it generatedthe C opt ;
Mulatto . The gyptiansand
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G PTIAN S.37
the southernpartsofLibya;
reeksareforeigners. Sothere
eks,ArabiansandPersiansin
eigners,theCushitesbeingthe
ousinhabitants.B ut tothis
asianthought isnot generally
art icleon gypt inthe
annica says: Inconsequenceof
gein H erodotus(ii.104)and
ngtheinhabitantsofAfrica,it
hat the gyptianswerevery
race.Acompletee amination
nourpossessionhas,however,
sult;andit isnowacknowledged
dtothe Caucasianthanthe
gereferredinH erodotusis
y,M.A.,WorcesterCollege,
ereevidently gyptians, andIsay
edit beforeIheardit from
tterofinterest tome,Iinquired
chianshad morerecollection
e gyptianshadof theC o l-
nssaidthat theythought theCol-
mthearmyofSesostris ;andI
t onlybecausetheyareswarthy
amountstonothing,because
chieflyfromthefollowing
heColchians, gyptians,and
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gabout.SurelyGodknew
elationsheresoconspicuously
H eretheninthe clearest
zraimandhis sonSebaare
as hewasmovedbytheGod
nof the gyptians, the thi-
aeans.
at theaboriginal gyptians
nevitable.Iftheywere in
dintypeandcolor,they could
egroes.
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TH I O P I AN S 4 1
TH I O P I AN S ,
SA M A C .
ssics,whereverthe
iopiansarereferredtoconjo intly ,
of oneandthesamerace.
medto beofShemiticor
he descendantsofcitherShem
thelineagesofeitherthe
opiansw iththe irowntil lw ithin
entheracialstockof theN egro
hat thewide-awakepro-
out torobtheCushiteof his
ntry,androbhimof his
othisendthe trendofancient
aeologyrevolutionized,andthe
bearfalse witness. et the
eshLashonisfaithful,andthe
blefindsinit light andtruth.
thiopians,Dr.Anthonsays:
nsw ere intimate lyconnectedw iththe
esof theirmonarchy,and
dwholedynasties,occupiedthe
varioustimes,eventoa late
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onquest.The^ E thiopianshad
esacerdotalorder,the same
ameritesofsepultureand
tians.Religiouspompsandpro-
ncommonbetweenthetwo
^ E thiopians, whow ereconnected
finityandintimatepolitical
ebrewhistorianstermed
Cushiteinvaderof udah,is
thiopianleadermentionedby
s termedTarakos,andisset
ell-knowntablesofdynasties,
gypt. Intheearlie ragesthe
rentlytothesamenationor
earthat theCushor thio-
edboth sidesoftheRedSea.
nof gyptiancivilizationthis
hingseemstocountenancethe
egraduallydownthevalleyof
rso f thiopia totheshoresof
Monuments,tradition,analogies
accordancewithnaturalproba-
whenthe namesof thiopia
ndedtogether,whenthetwo
ormbut asinglepeople .
.,says: Thelearned
ve lsfounded, ontheradica ldis-
agesof gypt andArabia,an
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highcheek-bones,short though
sandthicklips. Onp.274
beensofrequentlyinvaded,overrun
olongere istsapurerace
Coptsareusuallyregarded
rue gyptians,thesubjectsof
olneyremarks,that both
theirdescent fromthepeople
eArabs,that is,fromthat
, Persians, and, abovea ll, ofGreeks,
andConstantinesweresolongin
This, headds, w il lberendered
nsider thedistinguishing
ople:weshallfindthemall
yellowish,duskycomple ion,
r Arabian:theyhavealla
es,flat noses,andthicklips;
ntenanceofamulatto . Iw asat
thistotheclimate;but whenI
dnot helpthinkingthefigure
hetruesolutionof theenigma,
eprecise ly thoseofaNegro . "
ationsinthedescriptionsof the
avelers,but that tendsrather
eakentheirgeneraltestimony,
ancient gyptiansand
eand thesamerace.
tes, gyptiansand
togetherbyGod himself,that
derwithout doingviolenceto
dScriptures. Theywere
v. 1 4; z e. x x . i ,5 ; e r. l vi . 8, 9 ;N a h . ii i. 9 ;
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T H I O PI A N S . 4 5
esameCushiteor N egrorace.
gistsdenythis;but suchdenial
econclusionjust aslogically
naturalistsandphysiologistsof
t theNegro isdescendedf romthat
ropoidcalled orang-outang.
mthethingsthat areHam s,
emtoanother,not evena
gthe spoil.H eerensays,
ca, vo l. i . p. 289. ) Inpro -
he primevalages,thecloser
w een gypt and thiopia . The
entiontheformerwithout thelat-
hetruth; but theaveragew ritero f
nmention gypt without even
is sodazzledby theancient
annot easilyadmit that the
pansw ereoneandthesamerace.
statuesandpaintingsofthe
havebeenfoundin great
ysiognomywhollyforeigntothe
nsarealtogethergratuitous.I
rablewhitemarblebust ofa
adeat RomebyaCushite
cellent reputation,andthe
he Cushiterace,e cepting
fhis sight.Theartist isMiss
bust maynowbeseenat the
o h ns o n, B r o o k ly n , N . . I t
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G P TI AN S . 4 7
G P TI AN S .
thiopiansonthesouthof
he west,weroalldescendants
thesameco lor, e cept that
t southwereofthedarkest hue.
hemblack Isayat once
bornso.Severallearned
vethisproblemin learned
et earnedamonument for
anysecretsinthephenomena
eepest researchofhumanken.
satisfactorilydeterminehow
hibitsthevarioustintsand hues
isnolessdifficult or
ack manisblackthanit isto
white;noris theoneanymore
Arraigningtheblack,and
ingblack,is simplyanarrogant
alascendency.H erodotus
einhabitantsbecomeblackfrom
micalcombinationsproduce
tesbetweenthesevenprimary
ge, ye llow, green, blue , indigoand
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not reckonedamongcolors.
estedbylight, whitebodies
ltherays,andblack,those
sorballtheraysof light.This
diesisnot inthemselves,but
their particlestoreflect or
oflight.It isonthisprinciple
iouscolorsi nthevegetable
constitutedthat itsparticles
but thered;that theyreflect.
lbut thegreen; sowhileall
n seenonebut theredandthe
blue,indigo,andthe violet
infusionofnutgallsmi ed
ack ; andif to thismi turea
acidbe added,theblackwill
Allthesethings weknow;
oughtotellhow Godcom-
neating thesamekindoffood
nlight, soastoproducethee -
n theirdifferent comple ions.
thegreat ocean,hasitsbound-
ssing theoriginofspecies,
urv ivalo f thef ittest, andthe
Pro f . CharlesDarw in, inthevery
mary , says: Ourignorance
profound.N ot inonecaseout
ndtoassignanyreasonwhy
.
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G P TI AN S . 4 9
meofMenes,2188 B .C.,to
csos,theH ebrews,thePersians,
s,sonsof Shemand apheth,
ars(963)in gypt.Therewas
oingof Arabians,nearand
ftraffic.Thoseand these,by
gyptianand thiopianC ushites,
plek nownas C ophti o r
a nd a s M o or s w he r e th e yw e re
ndhistoryhavebeentrans-
tionized,withinthepast century
e interestsoftheCaucasian.
t that theancient gyptian
ca lledaC ushiteoran thio -
hat hewasaN egro.Thisis
orwhenforcedtotellwhat they
egro , theyselect the low est and
t tribeonthewest coast of
oldtheamazingdifference
himandthehighlycultured
hosecolor,hair,andfeatures,
sthat ofthemiscegenated
ervedthat thenativesof
ofa verydarkcomple ion
are not so;andase perience
omakeblack,it hasbeenin-
Cushiteraceswascausedby
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sun.Thisinferenceis indicated
otsof theH ebrewandGreek
eblackrace. romtheverb
weget thenounCham(Dm
sh,whogavehis nametothe
shites.TheGreeks,having
heverbaB eiv(aithein,toburn)
ch theycompoundedsoasto
Aithiops)ablackman.Solo-
cessismadetosay intheV ulgate
Nigrasum; decohrav it me
ack; thesunhasdisco loredme.
ewerephysiologicaldistinctions
ypeamongtheseveralnations
dianCushites;but theyall
nprogenitor,whateverthereal
ion.Thesameorsimilar
incolor,hair,eyes,andshape
ist amongAmericanN egroes,
amiticoriginofanyof them;
mongthemselves,whoforselfish
e . ' Whenthefact isestablished
beisH amiticinrace,no
sedbyfavorableenvironment
hemitic.All it candoisto
byintermarriage,aswaslargely
heinvasionofCambyses,pro-
esternLibya,producingthe
SouthAmerica,producingthe
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G P TI AN S . 5 1
ntativeofthedarkrace and
theGreek equiva lent, w asused
whichevertermis employed
ns,orhasreferencetowhat is
n.
e,andthetestimonyofmen
dthat theaboriginal gyptians,
ssouthandwest ofthem,were
egroes;fortomeeachof these
ning. Inow turntoan gyptian
tsofher blackcomple ion.
wasblackand comely.
.C.,andwassucceededbyhis
.10-12.)Solomon,likea
ae ly madeaf f inity w iththe
edhisdaughter, (1. ings, i ii . 1. )
lomonthesupport of
neighbors,asseenabout twenty-
C.992)whenPharaohhadgone
ven it asapresent tohis
fe.That thisPharaohwasan
rystrongest inferentialproof.
shak,anacknowledged
eroboamf ledforshe lterw hen
, (1. ings i. 40; )andhis
marrieddeclaresherselfa
must,therefore,havehadN egro
elyasisterora nieceof
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almeaningtheSongof
and primarymeaningisbest
t asanepithalamiumbasedon
thPharaoh sdaughter.
dpreacherse plainthefirst
apterasreferringtothe
C hrist" andthef if thverseas the
fherdeformity . Sure ly this
edina braindiseasedwith
ydenca lls melanophobia .
hisAfrican queenatypeof
herco lora deformity 1
o loro f theC ushite , thiopianor
omity, andit isanaccusation
partialCreatoralittle lessthan
. TheN egro sco lorisnatura l,
al.Let Solomon sSongof
Origin, eromeandthe athers
tweenSolomonandhisbeautiful
asoliloquywhenapart,andwe
nhadbrought hisCushitewife
erusalem,towhomsheproclaims
ssertsherbeauty.Thisis seen
Whateverelse thefifthand
chapterofCanticlesmaysignify,
So lomon s gyptianw ifewasa
eenfromthe H ebrew,Greek
ebrew saysrnw iy j(rniriB > ; the
ina i aX tj: theLatin, Nigrasum,
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G P TI AN S . 5 3
Septuagint conformstothe
ulgatedoesnot. B oththeHebrew
mblack andcomely, w hile the
pulative and to thedisjustive
ous eromedothis Thosewho
onoftheScriptures must throw
t isnot aninspired but, e cept
,whichis inconsistent with
ogroundfor thisapologetic
w l a nd t h e Gr e ek a i m ea n a n d, '
verenderedwith et" insteadof
hw rittenopinionsofsevera l
ubject,most ofwhichagree
. B lyden, L L. D., w rit ingf rom
interest,bothyourletterand
mpaniedit on TheCushite.n
rvice totheraceby writingthat
ossible forNegroesofyour
andpatriotismtolive,ifonlyfor
yand minglewiththegreat
ouwould,then,not onlyhave
relationshipof thispeople
nhabitednorth-easternAfrica
merandH erodotus,but you
thereisanynecessityfor
at relationship.And,ifyou
heinterior,you wouldseeall
dphysiognomyofthemen,
donthe gyptianmonuments.
a t theabsenceof the thick-
oretheB rook lynLiteraryUnion.
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ender-legged individua lsmentioned
ourpamphlet. ouwouldfind
at descriptionbelongtothe
heyhaveallthroughtheages
erulingclasses,furnishingfor
ywhichthe Americanand
ensupplied.Inthe joyand
youwouldforget that there
neblest withthe colorand
being ashamed o f theoneorthe
ancolorphobia,or more
aisintheheart ofAfrica.
ononCanticlesi. 5,rendered
Iamblack but comely. I
a rticleon TheNegro in
hedintheMethodist Quarterly
inwhichreferringtothis verse
that theChaldee,accordingto
transla tionofNumbers ii. 1.
spakeagainst Mosesbecauseof
mhehadmarried;forhe had
n. ComparewiththisSolomon s
k but comely , o r, moree actly,
. Weseethewisemanin
selectingablackwomanas a
heChurchandofthe highest
transla tedinourversionblack ,
uther,Schwarz.It cannot
byOstervald(brune)and
sappliedtoha ir. Theverb
omesisused( ob x x . 30, )o f
edbydisease.InSolomon s
othe plumageofaraven.
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O r PT I AN S . 5 5
eNew ork Tribune(Oct. 16, 1866)
gtheappearanceof aN egro
hemet theresays: H ew as
nonraven. H adhebeenwrit-
haveemployedthedescriptive
ofSolomon,therefore,black,as
mely.
eirut translation),perhapsthe
f theHebrew andGreek Scrip-
Iamblack andcomely ; not
pulativeconjunction,asinthe
dsareAnnaaswadtea
rdusedby theArabsto
omthesameroot isderivedthe
untryorregionof theblack s. The late
rofessorat Cambridge,inhis
gpoemsofB eha-ed-d n,ven-
,totranslatethe wordaswad
ord nigger. ancy
i ng I a m a n i gg e r a n d co me l y,
ranslationof thepassagein
,or,accordingtothe conception
ordprofessor.
ticlesaretoa southern
fromthefact that Solomon,in
alclime,assuresherthat the
passedaway.H edescribes
ing,thefragranceof the
mallife,etc.
fa irone, andcomeaw ay . or
ainisover andgone;the
h;thetime ofthesingingof
ceoftheturtleis heardinthe
orthhergreenfigs,andthe
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G P TI AN S . 5 7
hetruth,byalwayskeeping
ddlingin mattersthat didnot
s ew ishC hurch, vo li i . p. 85. )
yreceivedisthat Lokman
he Greeks,not knowinghis
sopi. e . i thiops. The legends
erninghimaccorde actlywith
Thechapter calledbyhis
eeofrespect entertainedfor
meofMohammed,who
tetheinterestsofhis new
oranwithsocelebrateda
anslationof the oran, inloco . )
n s gyptianw ife, Idonot
bt;andDr.B lydenisjust as
nionthat shewasaN egress,
SongofSongs. Hebrew le i-
enderingtheoriginal word
eshercolor. Thenif shew asblack
w ashis gyptiansubjects
possibly,boresomedistant re-
heba,and shewasverypro-
hishak,herfather ssuccessor
afterthedeathofSolomon,
m gypt aga inst erusalem
lacksoldiers. Thepeople
camewithhimout of gypt;
ndthe thiopians, 2. C hr.
armyofN egrosoldierssup-
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eShishaktoruleover native
inganda blackarmyundis-
tenationofcosmopolitanceleb-
anomalism No. That w as
s,militaryandcivilian,wereall,
eblackandcurly-haired,we
e fa thero fhistory . Speak ing
otussupposesthemtohavebeen
yptians,first becausetheywere
nghair(na l nneX ydy po^
) andsecondly , becausethey , the
iopians, aretheonlypeoplewho
vepracticedcircumcision
usthat hesaw boththeC o l-
ns,andthat bothwereblackand
alikecertainreligiousrites,
descendedfromacommon
Whow illsay that the fa ther
ratefalsehood
geinH erodotus,V olney
gyptianswerethesamespecies
ca.
ss,asa blackdove,saidto
besbyPhoeniciansandsold
8 f requently translated sw arthy , but in
Grceco-Latinumet Latino-Grcecum)it isdef ined
that w hichiso fablack co lor.
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P T IA N S . 5 9
aysthat in say ingthat the
that thewomanwasan
ngontheflight oftheDanaides
ludestothecrew ofan gyptian
ationon shore,andsaysthat
n conspicuouswiththeirblack
irwhitegarments. f
edgedblacks,aresaidby
aco lonyof gyptiansand
edArgus,Pelasgusde-
etheirraceandcountry.They
vesfrom gypt theywerere-
uponPelasgussays: ou
ouaremore lik eto
dconjecturedthat theywere
peak of themselvesasa blackened,
naus, theirfa thersays, the
ot thesamewithyours;for
edif ferent f romInachus. H e
ckwhiletheArgiveswerenot.
a tingonthe comple ion
he gyptians, quotesthe
otheC o lchiansandsays: Inhis
olchis,hesays,that theywerea
SsivairrjvmX eic da , 6rjna ivov6ion
.)
i/ jo if ieX ay faotiyv io i6iX sv w v tx
. Supplioes, 772. Seetranslationof theSuppli-
uckley,London:1863.
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dhesupportshisopinionby this
n X dy poei a iovk orpi es, or,
n, andw oo lly -haired. Theseare
n thedescriptionofundoubted
hians,it maybeobserved,are
h.iv.377)asbeingblack,with
SitES, onw hichpassagethescho liast
nswereblack,andthat their
otheir descent fromthe
f thesamecomple ion. The
n epithet employedbyPindar,
chians,isequivalent inmean-
roes.
ussays,( x ii.16,23):
plurumquesubfusculisunt et a trati;
ptiansarecommonlybrownandblack.
emadethisstatement with-
tobase it. veninhist ime,
siderableinfusionofforeign
eresti l l commonlybrow nand
condcenturyoftheChristian
ositionunderhisgovernment
akingofan gyptianyouthsays,
ack, he is a lsothick - l ipped and
enrick, authoro f A ncient
hs quotesthispassagefrom
p o vS e i va i a t i t po e i X o S I 6r i a i X s T t ro i
% 1 5 , ed . B i p o nt .
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G P T IA N S . 6 1
says: Thisisthenearest
uliaritiesthat wefindinany
at nearerapproachisneeded If
that hadbeenaddedby
nturiesbeforethetimethat
t.
gypt,theSphin ,the
elabyrinthandlakeMoeris,
t,yet strongwitnessestothe
that built them,aswellas to
onderfulskilland prowess.
logyhasbeensotransmutedbythe
,that nowthetestimonyof
rrenderedequivocal,ormade
norigin.I thankGod,how-
eworld,hehaskept afewto
odidnot bendthekneeto
say that black w as w hite .
gypt wassocalledbythe
onofB e lusandbrothero f
donbothsidesof theB edSea,
o fA rabia, andgaveLibyato
adofcrossingovertoArabia,
black-footedrace (naXannoSmv,
t i gyptus, o r gypt, see
. E gyptuset Danaus. ),
: uThe gyptiansreck oned
ent nationintheuniverse,but
o f^ E thiopianorigin. N ow ,
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hysiognomyoftheCaucasian,
hyofmention makethemof
nameof gypt,(Class.
ew, chant signif ies ca lidus ;
niger. In gyptianw ef ind
arlythesameboth insound
chmom, signif ies ca lor and
n i ge r . T h e g y pt i an s a lw ay s c al l ed
ame,probablyfromthe
nceof theso il. He refersto
Os.,p.364;Calmet' sDiet.
ynot concludethat the gyptians
theirownblackcolor
Therulingpeopleof this
t thew hiteman scountry .
theproud gyptians,filled
gypt C hamia , meaning the
H umannature isthesame
nvelopesit bewhiteorblack.
dmakethestudent ofB ible
gypt wasoriginallyCushite,
use just suchwordsas
t.Thecountryis called
a n d t h e ta b er n ac l es o f H a m ,
y thedescendantsofH am.
ationof gypt ispoetical,still
tationthat canpossiblymake
r thelandof apheth,rather
ofH am.
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G P TI AN S . 6 3
iscalled Sihor (iirPB > ),
ferspoetically,perhaps,as
o gypt asto itsfamousNile .
Isa . x ii i . 3), Sihorw hichisbefore
i. 3 ) , S h i ho r o f g y pt , ( 1 . C hr . i i i-
S ihor, ( er. i i . 18), arepassages
or,andtoodecidedlysotohave
ofthewater;which,indeed,
Lempriereca llsN ilus, ak ing
meto theriverN ile,which
yptus, (C lass. Diet. 6th dit. , 1788).
ck man,andtheH ebrew
r, mayw ellsignify theNile
otherpassagesoftheScriptures
. v . 4; 2 . i ng s x i v . 7) , th e N i le
g y pt " ( D ns t J t > n i ) ; li t er a ll y t h e
N ow todeny that the gyp-
vesthedenialthat Mizraimwas
hat,in turn,deniesthat
m,wasa Cushite,leavingthe
stralconnectionwiththeN oachan
errormaybetraced to
borate eytotheB ible,
Paterfuit Mizraimi,Autoris
6; 1. C hron. i. 8. Undoabistius
uncCham,nuncterraCham.
staturi gyptumusqueadsua
guadictamfuisseCham.
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ushhesays: P rimusf il io rum
thiopibusnomendedit, unde
ta fuit, 2R eg. 19. 9.
zraim,thefounderof the
Whence, fromthisname, gypt
w the landofHam. St. erome
ays,evendowntohistime,
aminthetongueof the
ofHam, gavehisnametothe
thiopiaw asca lledC ush. The
here isthat the gyptians
hesamerace,and that they
hhistorian,speakingof
rgods,shepherdkings,the
emonumentsof gypt under
ysthat thefirst inhabitants
ant;but ablackpeople
heN ile,foundedthecityof
over gypt.That they
eroglyphicwriting;that Menes,
priestsof thiopia,wastheir
worshipoftheSunandmoon
rthe namesofOsirisandIsis.
e gyptiantemplesof
ehavebeenfoundthe
presentedasbeingofareddish
the thiopianswiththeir
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G P TI AN S 6 5
ha ir, (uLes thiopiansavecleur
eu crtpus. pp. 2, 4, 16, 22,
s:1860
sthat Thetraditionsofthe
oagreeinthis,that the thiopians
ost ancient statesof gypt;and
entsin thiopiastronglyconfirm
tedbyDiodorusSiculus,that
Osiris originatedinMeroe,and
etheopinionthat commerce
dart,descendedinto gypt
erregionsof theNile . (See
r sN otesinloco . )
d an gyptian by the
. i i . 19), it israshlyconcluded
alltheother ethnicmarksofan
er,doesnot necessarilyfollow.
terfoundMoses,shereadily
co lorthat hew asone o f the
s lav ius osephussaysinhis
ib.ii.4) Whenheappears
scouldbeca lledA le andrians,
ceofhisignorance;forall such
onies,althoughtheybeever
therin theiroriginal,receive
t bringthemtotheirnew
enasnow,menarecalledamong
theircolor,physiqueor
gardedandcalledaccordingto
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eech.Thespeechand attire
,withwhichthefamilyof
encetheyoungladiescalled
ThereareN egroesinthiscityas
oundinAfrica;but wecall
n g li s hm e n, P o rt u gu e se o r
gtotheirspeechandcountry , t i ll
itizensandadopt ourtongue
wespeakofthemasci tizensof
vidualizethembyusing their
thissensethat Mosesorany
ycouldhavebeencalledan
ceofMeroeon gyptianciv il-
s,(Class.Diet.pp.831-32):
vdencethen, w ecometothe
acewhichruledin thiopia
elvesbycolonies,inthefirst in-
that theselattercolonies,incon-
rosperity,becameinturnthe
allthistheyfollowedthe
graduallybecamefounded
thevalleyoftheN ile.
sthisauthor, seemstofavorthe
gavereligionand theartsofcivi-
heNile .
nsw hothusspreadthemselves
men,asdoubtlesstheywere,they
bycolonizing gypt.God
ourbrotherinblack cannot capri-
oabrother inwhite/andto
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P T IA N S . 6 7
rverysoule cla ims, A men
portionasweascendintothe
eemstheconnectionbetween
heHebrew poetsse ldommention
ter. A ncient Nationsof
nal,or legendaryaccount,
anchoftheCaucasianfamily
andclaimingtobean aboriginal
n settlement.Nor doanyof
ranyof hisdescendantsastheir
nglyunreasonableformodern
stotryto construe gyptian
thesacredhieroglyphicsofthe
eriveit allfromthewhiterace,
al gyptiansintoCaucasians.
befoundontheface ofthe
shisremoteprogenitor.Wher-
geisspoken,whetherinAmerica,
w henamanissa idtobe a
derstandingisthat he isablack
thertestimonyshowing
ptianswereH amiticCushites;
worthyevidencealready
annot bereasonablye plained
s trend,thereought not tobe
ofthethoughtfulreader,that
ack-facedandgenuineN egroes,
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oa stateoffreedom,wealth
ct that theywereblackand
may justly cla imfortheNegro
stinegreatness.
utyand puritywiththe
omwhichweareleft toinfer,
theythemselveswereofthat
theaboriginal gyptianswere
yptiansmust havebeenblack
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G PT.
G PT.
)that thepriestso f gypt
mabookthe namesofthree
That insomanygenera-
ghteen thiopiansandone
itocris. He doesnot meanthat
ot Cushites,but that theywere
ot o f thiopia . If thereignsof
irtykingsbe regardedassuc-
istoryof gypt backintothe
nddemi-godswerethesovereigns
ncando nothingbut standand
ngof thepoet,whosenotesare
ctradition.Mr.Turnersays
threehundredandthirtyk ings
dlythefirst seventeendynastiesof
osephus, closesthedynastyof
maus.After thistherecame
ycsos,probablyeastern
gypt,capturedthelowercountry,
erations.Manethosaysthat
o f gypt f ivehundredandeleven
rysays: depuisTan2310 jusqu
.14et seq.
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inallytheyweredrivenout
re-establishedtheirauthority
queredbyCyrusofPersia,535
ssalagebyCambyses,525B .C.
mentsastotheorderof suc-
gyptianpharaohs;andsomeof
mes,whichincreasesthe
effort todiscoveracorrect
s,however,Idonot aim.I
eire istence,theirrenown,and
ehistoriansthat Mencs,
eotherthanMizraim,was,as
i. 99), thef irst k ingof gypt.
reignabout twenty-twohun-
ut astothepreciseepoch,
eement,ornice e actitude.
MchaelR ussell, w hofollow sDr.
re ignintheyear2412B . C .
sted253 years;that ofthe
ed260 years;thethird,begin-
sandendingwithQ ueen
s.It wasduringthisthird
swereenslaved.Thedate
yDr. Russe ll is1648 B . C . , w here-
shopUshercommonlyadopted,
he Israe litesintheyear1491B . C . , o r
gypt, p. 52, Harper, 1842.
nt Chronology,vol.iv.p.418.
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G PT.71
enyearslater.Usher,follow-
te t, f inds, f romtheCreationof
a,4004 years;Dr.H ales,fol-
osephus,finds5411years,
7years.Most writers,how-
yofUsher,andfi thebegin-
at 2188 B .C.
cient historyof gypt compre-
aturallydivided intothree
iththeestablishment ofthe
MenesorMizraim,thesonof
rof theworld1816 ;andends
monarchybyCambyses,
oftheworld3479.This
years. Afterthis,thehistory
dandninety-fiveyears,embrac-
periodsnamedbyMr. o ll in, is
ryof thePersiansandthe
trywassubject;and there
dsa generaladmi tureof
darkcomple ionoftheabo-
ttointheirdescendants.It is,
stoCambyses,from2188 B.C.
nclaimane clusive lyC ushite
pt and thiopia , e ceptingthe
homayormaynot havebeen
ptianmonarchyandinstituted,
ingsof gypt.
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rshipof thegodsandthecere-
H ew asfo llow edbyanumber
istinguishedtheirreignsby
rywasinvadedbytheH ycsos.
astheirfirst rulers.They
hnas,Apophis, anias,andAssis.
quotedby osephusfrom
ndredandfifty-threeyears
sthisauthor, thekingsof
sof gypt madeaninsur-
erds; and underoneofthem
ragmuthosis,theshepherdswere
successor,Thummosis,entered
shepherds,stipulatingfor
fule odus; but Thetmosis
hetmosisaccordingtoA f ricanus
measA mosisL, w hoheadsthe
ssaidtobothe new k ing
pt and k new not oseph. Dr.
x odus(1. 8. )quotesC anon
f thisversearepeculia rand
isaphrasenot foundelse-
most commentatorstoimply
ispredecessorinnaturalorder
e . He aroseupover gypt,
ouldseem,ondifferent terms
he took,eitherbyusurpation
t heknewnot osephimplies
aremistak enforthe ew s.
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G PT.73
mthetraditionsoflower gypt.
escendant oftheoldThebansover-
marriedan thiopianprincess,
irdyear ofhisreign,captured
pita lo f theHyk sos, andcom-
that race .
that Amosismarriedan
not implythat hiswifewasa
ut that hobelongedtothe
Thebaid,whilehiswife
yof thiopia.Incolor,they
gmuthosisto that of
ussellreckons,asbefore
ndredandfifty-oneyears,the
the thiopianqueenmentioned
Manetho,namesthefollowing
engthoftheir respective
ionof theshepherds. H esays:
pherdsweregoneout of gypt
s, thekingof gypt w hodrove
rdstwenty-fiveyearsandfour
erhimhis sonCherontook
ears;afterwhomcame
arsandsevenmonths;then
ortwenty-oneyearsandnine
phres,fortwelveyearsand
15, Winston stransla tion. .
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s Mephramuthosis,fortwenty-
afterhim wasThmosis,
onths;afterhimcame
sandtenmonths;afterhim
yearsandfivemonths;then
eres,fortwelveyearsandone
erRathotis,fornine years;
welveyearsandfivemonths;
heres,fortwelveyearsand
mais,forfour yearsandone
esses,foroneyearandfour
messesMiammoun,forsi ty
erhimAmenophis,for
months;afterhimcameSethosis,
anarmyofhorse andanaval
eignsof eighteenmonarchs,
eens,Amessesthesisterof
eres,thedaughterofOrus or
medwithSethosis,theeigh-
nslain,andArmais,another
whileSethosiswhohadanavy
ainst othernationsbothby
ca lled gyptusandhis
Danaus.H erewerecognize
isofH erodotusandtheDanaus
ayof TheSuppliants. Wenow
hronologicaldubiousness,but
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G PT.75
etho sthirty gyptiandynas-
esides, w ef indin ratosthenes,
sinvitedtoA le andriaby
talogueofthirty-eight kingsof
thoseofManetho. Thissug-
rent dynastiesinlower,and
gat thesametime. Wecaneasily
eousfriendlinesssubsistingbe-
overnmentsaswouldaccordwith
cestralkinship,andpermit the
encyofeachother;e cept in
oe.
enseveralpompoustitles,
softhenineteenthdynasty;
banrulers, gypt reachedits
eadditionofnewprovinces,
ryfame,androse tothat
plendorande hibitionofscience
cruins stillbeartestimony.It
heepochofSesostriscannot
ccuracy . Thef irst date, says
ro imatestocerta inty , isthe
ySesacorSesonchosis (Shishak );
econddynasty,intheyear971,
.C.What,then,wastheinter-
vent andtheaccessionofthe
rom usebius, intheLatinte t
thdynastyembracesaperiodof
78 years;thetwenty-first,
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gnsofthe threeseries,502
dateof thecaptureof eru-
haveforthe epochofSesos-
processfour otherdifferent
if ferent results, 1481, 1467,
w here inthere isadif ferenceof
etweentheearliest andthelatest
st date,1446 B .C.,weaddhalf
elatest andearliest,34,we
epochof Sesostris,themost po-
chsandoneofthegreatest among
tiquity.
omethat Sesostriswasnot
rst ofthenineteenthdynasty
dorus givessevengenerations
stris. H enceheisassignedto
och ofSesostrisisan
zzlingthantheideographic
sprowess.B ev.Dr.Russell
giningofthethirteenthcentury
ays, re la testhat Sesostrisw assuc-
last byProteus,inwhosetime
rdingtoManetho,Sesothiswas
ndRampsesbyRamesses,in
taken.Therefore,Sesothis
slythesameperson;andit is
ssioncouldnot havebeenmuch
turybeforethethedestruction
gnsequivalent tothreemean
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G PT.77
ufficientlywiththedatewhich
nhis fourthbook,H erodotus
dedtheScythiankingdom
most beforetheinvasionof
otherwords,about 1508 before
elearnfromthehistorian
esi thk inginsuccessionf rom
esostris,andcheckedordefeated
ckoningthesesi reigns
ations,or200 years,theacces-
beearlierthan1308 B.C.
thergood authoritiesbefore
is great Cushitemonarchat
f thek ingsof gypt f romthe
hdynastytotheoverthrowof
es,aregiveninthetabida of
ars,beginning
rPheron,61
orRamesses,
.,40 years;(5)
Cheopsor
phrenes,
rs;(8)Mycerinus
kingforthe
342years.
occhoris
nysis,2years;
s;Anysis
norSethos,
dending673 B . C , 293 years.
kings,15
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39 years;(3)
cho,16 years;(4)
iesorPharaoh
masis,44years;
ypt 535B . C . )
olt)6 months.
25B . C . w hen
48 years.
successionof
minates.Cambyses,
ioussuperstition
advantageoftheir
edthecountryto
gyptianswere
mbysesto
embracinga
olted,413 B.C.,
omtillagain
husorA rta er es
63 years.
till332B .C.,
at conquered
edunderthe
onquest of
deathofCleopatra
1years.
iodof31years.
nCambysesandtheChris-
hiteheadandablack body ; e -
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G PT.79
ninflu ofPersianand Gre-
andan intermi tureofnative
nlyfromtheconquest of
beganinearnest toget white;and
sunfinished.
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T IO N O P TH E C U SH I T S . 8 1
worldto thepresent day,were
am. Nationsofgiantsw ere
sofmenof immensestature
ndantsofCainand theseed
flood,hisdescendantswerefor
nofthe world;whilethe
redwellingin tentsandin
ow theymust havescoffedat
gjudgment uponthem.H ow
Goliath,defiedthearmiesof
adthefact, that becausesentence
e ecutedspeedily,therefore
n isfullyset inthemtodo
andhispurposesaresure: though
slow inthe ire ecution. *
epriestso f gypt readto
msof330 k ingsof gypt,
mongthemwereeighteen
othequeenw asNitocris.
opians ' inthispassage, Herodotus
herkingswerenot ofthe
plyC ushitesof thiopia in
esof gypt;forthoughthis
e(yv ri)t ici oopiri) , shew asof
pia,andwasaqueennoways
cept inC hrist iancharacter
cient literatureandarchae-
nreachedisthat theancient
smagnatesandthew orld s
story, aSerieso f irst Things, pp. 113, 114.
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IO N O T H E C US H I T S . 83
portionasweascendintothe
eemstheconnectionbetween
heHebrew poetsse ldommention
er:theinhabitantsof bothare
ons.WhenIsaiahcelebrates
submissionis spokenofas
ard(Isa. lv.14).When
great v ictoryofNebuchadnezzarover
rchemish,the thiopiansare
er. lv i. 9). When zek ie l
gypt,heunitesit withthe
k . x x . 4). verypage, indeed,
hibitsproofo f theclose intimacy
mitivestates of gypt
eseremoteregions.Thebe3
monacolonyin Libya; thio-
nonce invaded gypt; gyptian
wayinto thiopia;thesame
rsandcustoms,thesamemode
thcountries;and,underPsam-
merouspartyofmalecontents
gypt, also , asfarashistory
nallthec ommoditiesofthe
didsheobtainthe spicesand
lmedherdead Whencethe
raltars Whencethat
ninwhichher inhabitants
wn soilsosparinglyproduced
pt that earlyrumourofthe
,whichCambysesset out todis-
yin theattempt Whence
ebonywhichtheancient artists
mbellished Whencethat
C uslntesof themilitarycaste. H erod, i i. 30.
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fthe nameof thiopia,which
historyof somanynations,
swellby the ew ishpoetsas
rds Whencebut fromthe
fwhich thiopiawastheseat
a lroute issti l lpointedout bya
gfromtheshoresofthe Indian
Adule,Azab,andA um,are
A rabia e li andMeroe;
etweenMeroe, gypt,and
u o te d in i t to s C y cl o pe d ia , V o l . i . p. 6 6 8. )
spreadthemselvesoverAsia,
a , andof aphethover urope.
dswemaytracethree great
amsofpeople,reachingtothis
240 years;andpresentingus,
rittenhistory,awhite urope,
wAsia.
hite ledthevanforsi teen
theatresinwhichhe playedthe
blest deedsandhighest grandeur,
pia . Somehavemainta inedthat
piansand gyptiansofsuchf re-
oninbothsacred andpro-
ckmen.Theyingeniously
wayandcunninglysubstitute
minglyforget that ancient
tale-bearer;that itsrootsare
klinglikethefi edstarstolight
ar engagedinhistoric
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IO N O T H E C US H I T S . 85
rveyingthewonderswhich
ilefromMeroetoMemphis,we
nthat thewealth,power,and
edtheirorigin,haveentirely
ionsofthat e tensivetract,a
gespassarudeandprecarious
dinsensible equallytothe
nceoftheruins whichtheytread
sedeventoclaim connection
the splendidmonumentsof
ndDendera;and,accordingly,
whichourcountrymendisplay,
sofantiquity,tothedesireof
uropeannation,whoaresup-
t thetemplesandsculptured
,haverelapsedintothat low
osityhasbecomedormant,and
everyday f i edonthenoblest
without suggestinganyspecu-
theirepoch,ortheirdesign.
rld,inshort,thereisnogreater
hanbetweenwhat nowis,and
en, in thiopiaand gypt. There
assing,byaneffort ofthought,
e other,throughthevarious
solationwhichseemnecessary
tswecontemplate-Wemight
houldreceivenoanswer,as
rswhich thelapseofthree
nintoanimpenetrableobscurity.
swegropeourwayamidsuperb
dsandheroeswhosenames
iononourears, andwesatisfy
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considered,isanabstract
ellion.It wasappliedto
unt ofhisearlytraditional
dantsofAsshur(theAssyrians)
daddedto hisowndominion.
,takingtheplaceofN imrod s
onof Cush,therecanbeno
veritableCushite. ust how
edhis hair,wearenot told.
e w asthef irst k ingofB aby -
from thebookofGenesis
gantobeamightyone inthe
htyhunterbefore ehovah; that
ngdomw asB abel, and rech,
nthe landofShinar; (B aby -
at landhewent forthtoAssyria,
ehoboth-Ir,andCalah,and
andC alah, A m. B ib. T in. V er-
ys( .11.) out ofthat land
dedN ineveh,andthecity
ut theformer, Ithink , isthe
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it isdemandedbytheclaims
.Anaccount isbeinggiven
am,andnothingappearsinthe
ntheconte t toinducethe
veby asuddenlapsefrom
ointroduceAsshur,ason of
osefamilyrecorddoesnot oc-
verseisreached.Mosesis
cdeedsofN imrodwho began
earth. A ndstatesthat a f ter
ndtheothernamedcities, inthe
orthfromtheretoAssyriawhere
andgiventhe countryhis
Asshurandusurpingauthor-
ehobothandR esen. Sec-
retheoverthrowofAssyria
oniansispredicted,theapposi-
andofAsshur ' and the land
theconstructionw hichmakesNim-
nominativeoftheverb went"
st thisconstructionisthat
tonbefore W K northeusua l
isisnot absolutelyrequiredin
ssyria) intheaccusative;
thoritiesfor construingverbs
ace w iththenouninthe
articleriN (SeeDcutsch sH eb.
theH eb. te t o f2. Sam. . 2.
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i . 2). C erta inlyNimrod
ydoubt arisingheremerely
maticalusageofmorethan
dingofthe CommonV ersion,
veAsshurfromShinarandthat
oducedin theeleventhverse.
t say that Nimroddidanysuch
anysuchinference.Asshur
Hew asN oah sgrandson, w hile
andson;andhad probablyset-
oftheTigriswithothers of
leN imroddwelt about the
d, as osephussays, uty rannized
od wasamightyhunter
betak enratherinafavorable
hedhimselfundertheblessing
hechase, heturnedhisatten-
nandthe layingofthefoun-
ecapturedallB abylonia,
syria,subduedtheAsshurites,
ehoboth,Calah,andResen.
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P IA A N D G P T .9 1
(Antiq.ii.10,2.)this royalcity
lledSababeforethetimeof
that Moses,whilecommander
nt aga inst the thiopians, con-
rbis,the thiopianprincess.
amongthe thiopians,that
pia.It wastherethat
lt l i e therea ltra in,
arthest main,
disda ined tograce
sblamelessrace.
ced byMr.B ruceat Meroe
tone, indicating,possibly,the
undred-gatedcity,wasthe
n, inUpper gypt, andthe
ecameat onetimethe
thecity referredto , it seems,
ah, zek ielandNahum.
lousNo, andsaysof it thiopia
ngth,andit wasinfinite;Put
s. Thiscityishereshown
orin thenamesCush,Mizraim
gina lHebrew te t, w ereadily
grandsonofH am.It issaid
sat onetimeabout fiftymiles
u or, arnac, andMedinet
possessedimmensewealth.
e k. x x . 1 4 ; N a h um . i ii . 8 , 9.
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tryasH erodotusisofhistory,
empressonthe gyptianpla in,
tso erathousandstates
gha hundredgates;
ndtwohundredcars
ssuedtothew ars. Pope.
avelershavefound,asat
eandsculptureof unrivalled
totheirnumberandtheir
that rankasfirst amongthe
rld. et,thepropositionthat
thosewonderfultemples,
phin eswereCushites,the
egro,nomortalcandis-
t fifteenmilessouthofthe
sthecapitalo fLow er gypt as
ypt.It washerethat theancient
rlierdays.
acredbull waspaid
nthefavorof Osiris.It was
hites,asin thiopia,andasin
onumentsthat stillattest their
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OP IA A N D G P T. 9 3
IA A N D G P T .
d gypt areincontrovertible
ttainedby theancient Cush-
rts andsciences.B ut here
smayask: WeretheyNe-
w ayofavoidingthe inferencethat
egroes, saysDr. Anthon, (C lass.
ust bebythesuppositionthat the
enot acquaintedwithanypeoplee -
eofGuinea,andthereforeap-
red,flat-nosed,etc.,tonations
na muchlessdegree thanthose
mNegroes. Speak ingof the
eerenappearstobenearest the
pyramidsofCheopsand
eworkof^ E thiopiancon-
Shinar, intheageofNimrod, it
no fC ush, that thesonsofH am
terature,andscience,in
piaand gypt provethat they
veallotherpeoplesofthe
Insurvey ingthewonders
he N ilefromMeroetoMem-
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reflectionthat thewealth,
etheyderivedtheirorigin,have
A ga in M. Heereniso f the
tecturewasnativein thiopia
ralmonumentsof thiopia
andAbyssinia,Dr.Russellsays:
fromShendytoGerriteems
eforeberegardedasaportion
thiopia . Sofarasourinfor-
ent,(1833),thoseruinsmaybe
roups,and associatedwith
ga,andMe